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05-04-2016 Regional Planning Regular Meeting Packet Hall County Regional Planning Commission Wednesday, May 4, 2016 Regular Meeting Packet Commission Members: Terry Connick Hall County John Hoggatt Grand Island Derek Apfel Grand Island Jerry Huismann Grand Island Leonard Rainforth Hall County Carla Maurer Doniphan Dean Kjar Wood River Dean Sears Grand Island Jaye Monter Cairo Vice Chairperson Pat O’Neill Hall County Chairperson Greg Robb Hall County Leslie Ruge Alda Secretary Regional Planning Director: Chad Nabity Planning Technician: Edwin Maslonka Planning Secretary: Rose Rhoads 6:00 PM Grand Island Regular Meeting - 5/4/2016 Page 1 / 228 Call to Order Roll Call A - SUBMITTAL OF REQUESTS FOR FUTURE ITEMS Individuals who have appropriate items for City Council consideration should complete the Request for Future Agenda Items form located at the Information Booth. If the issue can be handled administratively without Council action, notification will be provided. If the item is scheduled for a meeting or study session, notification of the date will be given. B - RESERVE TIME TO SPEAK ON AGENDA ITEMS This is an opportunity for individuals wishing to provide input on any of tonight's agenda items to reserve time to speak. Please come forward, state your name and address, and the Agenda topic on which you will be speaking. DIRECTOR COMMUNICATION This is an opportunity for the Director to comment on current events, activities, and issues of interest to the commission. Grand Island Regular Meeting - 5/4/2016 Page 2 / 228 Hall County Regional Planning Commission Wednesday, May 4, 2016 Regular Meeting Item .A1 Agenda Staff Contact: Chad Nabity Grand Island Regular Meeting - 5/4/2016 Page 3 / 228 REGIONAL PLANNING COMMISSION AGENDA AND NOTICE OF MEETING Wednesday, May 4, 2016 6:00 p.m. City Hall Council Chambers — Grand Island 1. Call to Order. This is a public meeting subject to the open meetings laws of the State of Nebraska. The requirements for an open meeting are posted on the wall in this room and anyone who would like to find out what those are is welcome to read through them. The Planning Commission may vote to go into Closed Session on any Agenda Item as allowed by State Law. The Commission will discuss and may take action on any item listed on this agenda. The order of items on the agenda may be reorganized by the Chair to facilitate the flow of the meeting to better accommodate the public. 2. Minutes of March 2, 2016. 3.Request Time to Speak. 4.Public Hearing - Concerning the rezone of Lot Six (6), Grand Island Mall Eighteenth Subdivision, in the City of Grand Island, Hall County, Nebraska from CD Commercial Development to Amended Commercial Development Zone. This property is located east of US Hwy 281 and north of State Street. (C-15-2016GI) 5.Public Hearing – Hazard Mitigation - The Emergency Management Department, working with the Regional Planning, has completed the updates for the Hall County Hazard Mitigation Plan. (C-06-2013ALL) 6.Public Hearing – Concerning an application for a text amendment to the Hall County Resolution Land Use Zoning Matrix to include a use category for Trailer Wash Services-Livestock. The proposed change would permit this use as a conditional or permitted use in various zoning districts. (C-16-2016HC) 7.Public Hearing – Concerning the rezone of 2530 & 2540 N Webb Rd., in the City of Grand Island, Hall County, Nebraska from R4 – High Density Residential Zone to B1 – Light Business Zone. This property is located north of Capital Ave., and west of Webb Road. (C-17-2016GI) Consent Agenda Grand Island Regular Meeting - 5/4/2016 Page 4 / 228 8.Final Plat – Jack Voss Horse Country Club 4th Subdivision – located east of Engleman Rd and north of Michigan Ave., in the City of Grand Island, in Hall County, Nebraska. (2 Lots and 7.036 acres). 9.Final Plat – North Doniphan Substation Subdivision – located west of Nine Bridge Rd., and south of Lowry Rd., in Hall County, Nebraska. (1 Lot and 1.0 acres). 10.Final Plat - Park Island Square 7th Subdivision – located south of 13th St and west of US Highway 281, in the City Of Grand Island, in Hall County, Nebraska. (2 Lots and 7.81 acres). 11.Final Plat - Commercial Industrial Park 6th Subdivision – located south of us Highway 30 and east of Webb Rd., in the City Of Grand Island, in Hall County, Nebraska. (3 Lots and 4.409 acres). 12.Vacate Denman Subdivision 13.Final Plat - Blauhorn Subdivision – located south of Alda Rd., and east of 80th Road, in Hall County, Nebraska. (1 Lot and 6.68 acres). 14.Final Plat - Hayman’s 2nd Subdivision – located south of Stolley Park Rd and east of North Road, in the City Of Grand Island, in Hall County, Nebraska. (2 Lots and 4.75 acres). 15.Directors Report 16.Next Meeting June 1, 2016 17. Adjourn PLEASE NOTE: This meeting is open to the public, and a current agenda is on file at the office of the Regional Planning Commission, located on the second floor of City Hall in Grand Island, Nebraska. Grand Island Regular Meeting - 5/4/2016 Page 5 / 228 Hall County Regional Planning Commission Wednesday, May 4, 2016 Regular Meeting Item E1 Meeting Minutes Staff Contact: Chad Nabity Grand Island Regular Meeting - 5/4/2016 Page 6 / 228 THE REGIONAL PLANNING COMMISSION OF HALL COUNTY, GRAND ISLAND, WOOD RIVER AND THE VILLAGES OF ALDA, CAIRO, AND DONIPHAN, NEBRASKA Minutes for March 2, 2016 The meeting of the Regional Planning Commission was held Wednesday, March 2, 2016 in the Council Chambers - City Hall – Grand Island, Nebraska. Notice of this meeting appeared in the "Grand Island Independent" February 20, 2016. Present: Pat O’Neill Carla Maurer Dean Sears Jerry Huismann Les Ruge Terry Connick Derek Apfel John Hoggatt Jaye Monter Dean Kjar Leonard Rainforth Absent: Greg Robb Other:John Adams, John Collins and Charley Falmlen Staff:Chad Nabity, Rose Rhoads Press: 1.Call to order. Chairman O’Neill called the meeting to order at 6:00 p.m. O’Neill stated that this was a public meeting subject to the open meetings laws of the State of Nebraska. He noted that the requirements for an open meeting are posted on the wall in the room and easily accessible to anyone who may be interested in reading them. O’Neill also noted the Planning Commission may vote to go into Closed Session on any Agenda Item as allowed by State Law. The Commission will discuss and may take action on any item listed on this agenda. Grand Island Regular Meeting - 5/4/2016 Page 7 / 228 The order of items on the agenda may be reorganized by the Chair to facilitate the flow of the meeting to better accommodate the public. 2. Minutes of February 2, 2016 meeting. A motion was made by Ruge and seconded by Monter to approve the Minutes of the February 17, 2016 meeting. The motion carried with 11 members present and 10 voting in favor (O’Neill, Ruge, Maurer, Apfel, Huismann, Kjar, Rainforth, Sears, Hoggatt, and Monter) and one member abstaining (Connick). 3.Request Time to Speak. Barbara Doering, 3565 Hillside Drive, Grand Island,#8, Ron Dupue, 308 N Locust, Grand Island, #8. 4.Public Hearing – Amendments to the Alda Future Land Use Map, to consider changes to the Future Land Use Map for the Village of Alda necessary to allow zoning changes proposed by the Alda Village Board and to harmonize the map with current uses of property within the Village. (C-11-2016Alda) 5.Public Hearing – Adoption of Alda Zoning Map. Readoption of the Alda Zoning map incorporating all zoning changes and annexations and including potential changes of zoning as requested by the Alda Village Board at their meeting of February 9, 2016.(C- 11-2016Alda) Items 4 & 5 were taken together. O’Neill opened the Public Hearing. Nabity explained in 2003 the Alda Village Board approved a revised zoning map for the Village of Alda. Several changes have been requested and approved since that time. ZONING CHANGES These changes include: Changing the zoning on property south of Pine Street and north of the alley between Chestnut and Mulberry from BGC to R6. These are residential properties and likely to remain residential on the north side of the alley. Changing the zoning on the Mobile Home Parks between Pine and U.S. Highway 30 west of Chestnut from R6 to BGC. This may provide incentive to redevelop these for newer commercial uses. Grand Island Regular Meeting - 5/4/2016 Page 8 / 228 Changing property north of U.S. Highway 30 between 60th Road and the rail road spur from TA to HC. Changing the R9 Zoning to R6 for all property zoned R9 south of 4th Street and Schimmer Drive and north of U.S. Highway 30. The lot sizes in this original part of Alda are not large enough for the R9 zoning district. The R6 is more appropriate based on the size of the platted lots. Nabity noted the Village of Alda approved a future land use map as part of their comprehensive development plan on December 2, 2003 the Village has amended the map on occasion since that time and is seeking to make further adjustments for the benefit of the Village and its citizens. Changes recommended: Change Alda Elementary School from Public to Single Family Residential. Change South side of Pine Street north of the alley between Chestnut and Mulberry from Service Commercial to Single Family Residential. Change the approximately 40 acres bounded by Schimmer Drive on the south, 60th Road on the east, the Rail spur on the west from a combination of Highway Commercial, Service Commercial and Transitional Agriculture to Highway Commercial. O’Neill closed the Public Hearings. A motion was made by Huismann and seconded by Rainforth to approve the Future Land Use Map and the new zoning map of the Village of Alda. The motion carried with 11 members present and voting in favor (Connick, Kjar, Huismann, Maurer, Apfel, O’Neill, Rainforth, Ruge, Monter, Sears and Hoggatt) and no member abstaining. 6.Public Hearing – Redevelopment Plan - Concerning an amendment to the redevelopment plan for CRA, Area 15, for a Site Specific Redevelopment Plan for property located at 106 S Webb Rd., in Grand Island, Hall County, Nebraska. Resolution No. 2016-02. (C-12-2016GI) O’Neill opened the Public Hearing. Nabity reviewed the redevelopment plan amendment for property located in Blight and Substandard Area 15 for a Site Specific Redevelopment Plan located at the southwest corner of the intersection of Old Potash Highway and Webb Road, in Grand Island, in Hall County, Nebraska to support this development. Pump and Pantry Inc. is proposing to acquire property, and prepare the site for construction of a latest generation Pump and Pantry convenience story. The property is zoned M2 Heavy Manufacturing and a convenience store is a permitted principal use. Grand Island Regular Meeting - 5/4/2016 Page 9 / 228 O’Neill closed the Public Hearing. A motion was made by Ruge and seconded by Sears to approve Resolution 2016-02 for the site specific Redevelopment Plan. The motion carried with 11 members present and 10 voting in favor (Connick, Kjar, Huismann, Maurer, Apfel, O’Neill, Ruge, Monter, Sears and Hoggatt) and one member voting no (Rainforth). 7.Public Hearing – Redevelopment Plan - Concerning an amendment to the redevelopment plan for CRA, Area 1, for a Site Specific Redevelopment Plan for property located at 110 E 3rd St., In Grand Island, Hall County, Nebraska. Resolution No. 2016-03. (C-13-2016GI) O’Neill opened the Public Hearing. Nabity reviewed a redevelopment plan amendment for property located in Blight and Substandard Area 1 for a Site Specific Redevelopment Plan for property located at the 110 E 3rd Street in Grand Island, in Hall County, Nebraska to support this development. Wing Properties Inc. is proposing to renovate the first floor of this space for commercial space and the second for upper story residential use. The property is zoned B3 Heavy Business and a mixed use building such as this is a permitted principal use. O’Neill closed the Public Hearing. A motion was made by Rainforth and seconded by Hoggatt to approve Resolution 2016-03 for the site specific Redevelopment Plan. The motion carried with 11 members present and all voting in favor (Connick, Kjar, Huismann, Maurer, Apfel, O’Neill, Ruge, Monter, Rainforth, Sears and Hoggatt) and no member present voting no. 8.Public Hearing – Rezone – Concerning the rezone of property proposed for platting as Maderville Subdivision located at the south end of Hillside Drive, in the NW ¼ of the Section 35, Township 11 North, Range 10 West of the 6th P.M. in Hall County, Nebraska from TA – Transitional Agriculture to LLR – Large Lot Residential Zone. (C-14-2016GI) O’Neill opened the Public Hearing. Nabity briefed the board that an application has been made to rezone 4 acres at the south end of Hillside Drive east of Engleman Road from TA Transitional Agriculture to LLR Large Lot Residential Zone. Barbara Doering, 3656 Hillside Drive spoke briefly against the zoning change. Ron DuPue, 308 N Locust, speaking on behalf of his client spoke for the rezone. Grand Island Regular Meeting - 5/4/2016 Page 10 / 228 A motion was made by Hoggatt and seconded by Ruge to approve the rezone change from TA - Transitional Agriculture to LLR - Large Lot Residential. The motion carried with 11 members present and all voting in favor (Connick, Kjar, Huismann, Maurer, Apfel, O’Neill, Ruge, Monter, Rainforth, Sears and Hoggatt) and no member present voting no. Consent Agenda 9.Final Plat – Hayman’s Second Subdivision – located east of North Road and south of Stolley Park Road in the City of Grand Island, in Hall County, Nebraska. (2 Lots and 4.75 acres). 10.Final Plat – Maderville Estates Subdivision – located east of Engleman Road and south of Husker Highway in the 2 mile extra territorial jurisdiction of Grand Island, in Hall County, Nebraska. (2 Lots and 4.44 acres). 11.Final Plat – Shriner Acres – located west of Webb Rd and south of One R Road in Hall County, Nebraska. (1 Lot and 2.72 acres). 12.Final Plat – Thomas Second Subdivision – located south of Capital Avenue and west of Sky Park Road, in Grand Island, in Hall County, Nebraska. (2 Lots and 2.751 acres). 13.Final Plat – Thelen Fourth Subdivision – located east of NE Highway 11 and south of Wood River Road, in Wood River, in Hall County, Nebraska. (1 Lot and 4.130 acres). A motion was made by Connick and seconded by Rainforth to approve the Consent Agenda as presented. 14.Community Needs Assessment Survey. Charley Falmlen Community Development Specialist will be talking about the Community Needs Assessment Survey. 15.Directors Report. NPZA conference March 9, 10 & 11, 2016. 16.Next Meeting April 13, 2016. 17.Adjourn Chairman Pat O’Neill adjourned the meeting at 7:03 p.m. ___________________________________________ Leslie Ruge, Secretary By Rose Rhoads Grand Island Regular Meeting - 5/4/2016 Page 11 / 228 Hall County Regional Planning Commission Wednesday, May 4, 2016 Regular Meeting Item F1 Public Hearing - Rezone Staff Contact: Chad Nabity Grand Island Regular Meeting - 5/4/2016 Page 12 / 228 Agenda Item 4 PLANNING DIRECTOR RECOMMENDATION TO REGIONAL PLANNING COMMISSION: March 28, 2016 SUBJECT:Concerning change of zoning for property described as Lot 6 of Grand Island Mall 18th Subdivision in Grand Island NE, from CD Commercial Development Zone to Amended CD Commercial Development Zone. (C-15- 2016GI) The Development Plan for Grand Island Mall 18th Subdivision was approved by the Grand Island City Council in September of 2015. The Developers are requesting changes to the plan as approved to accommodate marketing opportunities and building on Lot 6 of the subdivision along Webb Road. Development Plan for Lot 6 as Approved in September 2015 Grand Island Regular Meeting - 5/4/2016 Page 13 / 228 Proposed Development Plan for Lot 6 as submitted March 2016 PROPOSAL: The proposed change would allow a smaller building oriented east and west and provide additional parking on site and drive through lanes for the proposed business. This lot would not have access directly to Webb Road and the propose driveway would line up with the Burger King driveway as originally proposed. The CD Zone allows for up to 50% of the property to be covered with buildings. The proposed coverage within this development at full development as shown is well below the maximum coverage. OVERVIEW: Site Analysis Current zoning designation:CD-Commercial Development Zone. Permitted and conditional uses:Commercial, Office and Retail Uses Grand Island Regular Meeting - 5/4/2016 Page 14 / 228 Comprehensive Plan Designation: Commercial development Existing land uses.Retail development and vacant property Adjacent Properties Analysis Current zoning designations:South West and East CD Commercial Development Zone North: CD Commercial Development and B1- Light Business Permitted and conditional uses:CD – Commercial, office and retail uses as permitted and built according to the approve development plan. B1 limited commercial, office, and interior retail to support the immediate neighborhood and residential uses up to a density of 43 units per acre. Comprehensive Plan Designation:North, South, East and West: Designated for commercial development and uses. Existing land uses:North: Burger King East: Webb Road, Strip Commercial, Fast Food West: Northwest Commons main building, Commercial South: Taco Johns, Strip Commercial EVALUATION: Positive Implications: Consistent with the City’s Comprehensive Land Use Plan: The subject property is designated for commercial development. Is infill development. This development is using property that is within the existing functional and legal boundaries of the City of Grand Island. This is a piece of property that is in need of redevelopment. The City and the Community Redevelopment Authority have already approved the use of Tax Increment Financing to further this project. Accessible to Existing Municipal Infrastructure: Water and sewer services are available to service the area. Monetary Benefit to Applicant: Would allow the applicant to further develop this site. Negative Implications: None foreseen Other Considerations Grand Island Regular Meeting - 5/4/2016 Page 15 / 228 Commercial development zones allow up to 50% of the property within the CD zone to be covered with buildings. RECOMMENDATION: That the Regional Planning Commission recommend that the Grand Island City Council approve the amended CD zoning district and final development plan as shown. ___________________ Chad Nabity AICP, Planning Director Grand Island Regular Meeting - 5/4/2016 Page 16 / 228 Grand Island Regular Meeting - 5/4/2016 Page 17 / 228 WEBB RD.STATE ST.SYCAMORE ST.STATE ST.AIRPORT RD.U.S. HIGHWAY 281 4TH ST .10 TH ST . U.S. 281 CUSTER AVE.NEBR. HIGHWAY NO.2BROADWELL AVE.W 1ST . ST .W 2ND . ST .EDDY ST.NORTH ROAD FAIDLEY AVE.13TH ST.COLLEGE ST.CAPITAL AVE.WHEELER ST.PROJECT LOCATIONSHEETREVISIONS NO. REV.DATE REVISIONS DESCRIPTIONproject no.:approved by:checked by:drawn by:drawing no.:QA/QC by:date:www.olssonassociates.com TEL 308.384.8750 FAX 308.384.8752 201 East 2nd Street P.O. Box 1072 Grand Island, NE 68802-1072 R WESTAR FOODS, INC. GRAND ISLAND, NEBRASKA 20162COVERDWLDZDZ016-0481MARCH 20161ofWESTAR FOODS, INC.AMENDED DEVELOPMENT PLAN FOR CD ZONEGRAND ISLAND, NEBRASKA2016Grand IslandRegular Meeting - 5/4/2016Page 18 / 228 SHEETREVISIONS NO. REV.DATE REVISIONS DESCRIPTIONproject no.:approved by:checked by:drawn by:drawing no.:QA/QC by:date:www.olssonassociates.com TEL 308.384.8750 FAX 308.384.8752 201 East 2nd Street P.O. Box 1072 Grand Island, NE 68802-1072 R WESTAR FOODS, INC. GRAND ISLAND, NEBRASKA 20162LOT LAYOUT / UTILITY PLAN DWLDZDZ016-0481MARCH 20162ofGrand IslandRegular Meeting - 5/4/2016Page 19 / 228 TTTT T TT T T T TT T T ELECTRICAL TRANSFORMER 4" BROOM-FIN CONC PVMT. RE: CIVIL DIV 26 ELECTRICAL (RE: ELECTRICAL DWGS) DIV 32 EXTERIOR IMPROVEMENTS DIV 31 EARTHWORK 32.01 26.01 ALUM STOREFRONT FRAMING WITH 1" INSUL LOW-E GLASS (TEMPER AT "T") - SHIM/SEAL ALL AROUND TYP. CONT 3/8" SEALANT W/ BACKING 1/2" TYPE "X" GYP BD W/ CJS @ 30'-0" MAX. SHT MTL COPING & CONT CLEAT 1/4" PER FOOT TYP TAPERED ROOF INSUL TO DRAIN TYPICAL SIGNAGE (NIC) - PROVIDE PLYWD BACKING & ELEC POWER CONNECTION FULLY-ADHERED ROOF MEMBRANE UP PARAPET TO UNDER SHT MTL COPING HOLLOW METAL ANCHORS; MIN 3 PER JAMB PTD HOLLOW METAL DOOR & FRAME, GALV. @ EXT. TYP. DIV 10 SPECIALTIES 10.11 9.11 DIV 09 FINISHES DIV 08 OPENINGS 8.40 8.02 8.01 7.90 7.60 7.53 7.52 2x EXT WOOD TRIM 1x EXT WOOD TRIM 1/2" CDX PLYWD SHTH 1/2" CEMENTITIOUS GYPSUM SHEATHING 1/2" GLASS-MAT GYP SOFFIT BD W/ PAINTED SKIM COAT FINISH 2" X 24" MIN RIGID PERIMETER INSULATION PRESERVATIVE TREATED WD SHIMS @ 16" OC MAX FOR 1/2"/FT MIN SLOPE AT BLKG ABV CAST STONE TRIM UNIT 1/2" GLASS-MAT GYP SHTH - SEAL JOINTS TYP 5 1/2" (R-19) BATT INSUL W/ VB TO WARM SIDE PTD 18" WIDE STEEL LADDER TO ROOF WITH LOCKABLE SECURITY SCREEN 48" PRESERVATIVE TREATED 1/2" EXTERIOR GRADE PLYWD AT SIGNS TYP COLD-FORMED MTL FRAMING @ 16" OC (WIDTH) ROOF MEMBRANE & SLOPED INSULATION ON AIR-BARRIER - ADD PROTECT MEMB 6" ALL-AROUND UTILITY SUPPORTS, TYP WATER-RESISTANT BARRIER @ SHEATHING 12" THICK (R-36) BATT INSUL W/ VB TO WARM SIDE IN ATTIC/SOFFITS TYVEK VAPOR BARRIER W/ JOINTS SEALED 1 1/2" HT STRUCTURAL STEEL DECK STRUCTURAL STEEL CHANNEL (RE: STRUCT) PRESERVATIVE TREATED WD BLKG DIV 07 THERMAL AND MOISTURE PROTECTION DIV 06 WOOD, PLASTICS AND COMPOSITES STRUCTURAL STEEL BEAM (RE: STRUCT) DIV 05 METALS (RE: STRUCTURAL DWGS) 6.10 7.50 7.15 7.14 7.13 7.12 7.10 6.21 6.20 6.14 6.12 6.11 WOOD BLOCKING 6.05 6.04 6.03 6.01 STRUCTURAL STEEL JOIST (RE: STRUCT) 5.52 5.20 5.40 5.30 SIMULATED STONE & MORTAR BED W/ MTL LATH STRUCTURAL STEEL TUBE (RE: STRUCT) STRUCTURAL STEEL ANGLE (RE: STRUCT) STRUCTURAL STEEL COLUMN (RE: STRUCT) 5.04 5.05 5.03 5.02 5.01 4.71 4.70 MASONRY THRU-WALL FLASHING W/ MTL DRIP EDGE & WEEPS @ 24" OC MAX 2" MIN CAVITY W/ DRAINAGE MESH @ BASE PREFACBRICATED CONCRETE SPLASH BLOCK 1/2" W SNAP-CAP JOINT FILLER W/ SEALANT BRICK SOLDIER COURSE SOLID GROUT FILL BELOW THRU-WALL FLASHING SMOOTH-FACE CMU BELOW GRADE W/ SOLID GROUT FILL @ ALL CELLS TROWEL FINISH CONC AT STEM WALL TOP BRICK ROWLOCK COURSE MASONRY WALL W/ HORIZ JOINT REINF @ 24" OC; RE: STRUCTURAL FOR VERT REINF (WIDTH) DIV 04 MASONRY (RE: EXTERIOR FINISH SCHEDULE) 5" CONC SLAB OVER VAPOR BARRIER DIV 03 CONCRETE (RE: STRUCTURAL DWGS) 4.04 MASONRY CONTROL JOINT W/ CONT. SEALANT & BACKER ROD 4.21 4.20 4.05 4.07 4.06 4.02 3.16 4.01 3.15 3.11 3.02 3.01 CONC FOOTING & FOUNDATION SHT MTL FLASHING; FOLD-BACK EDGES, TYP7.61 SHT MTL COUNTERFLASHING7.63 CONT 3/8" SEALANT W/ WEEPS @ 24" OC7.91 1/2" TYPE "X" GYP BOARD CEILING/SOFFIT9.14 .0312" (20 GA) MTL STUDS @ 16" OC (SIZE)9.21 DBL .0312" (20 GA) MTL STUDS BS @ OPENINGS9.22 ACOUSTICAL PANEL CEILING SYSTEM9.50 9.90 TEXTURE-FINISH COATING 4" MIN DRAINAGE FILL31.02 COMPACTED BACKFILL31.03 4.13 REINFORCED MASONRY BOND BEAM (RE: STRUCT) KEY NOTES: FASTENER W/ NEOPRENE WASHER @12" OC7.92 ROOF EDGE FLASHING W/ FASTENERS @ 6" O.C. IN (2) ROWS OFFSET 3"; LAP ROOF MEMBRANE AND SEAL 7.57 ALUM ENTRANCE DOOR W/SINGLE PANE LOW-E GLASS (TEMPER AT "T") - SHIM/SEAL ALL AROUND TYP. 8.41 ALUMINUM WINDOW8.51 FABRIC AWNING W/PTD GALV STL FRAME @ 48" O.C. TYP10.71 8" HT INT MTD WHITE PSV BUILDING ADDRESS NUMBERS ABV ENTRY - VERIFY TEXT W/AHJ 10.12 ROOF TOP HVAC UNIT DIV 23 HVAC (RE: MECHANICAL DWGS) 23.01 MAIN ELECTRICAL SERVICE ENTRANCE26.02 ELECTRICAL LIGHT FIXTURE, TYP26.04 ASPHALT PAVING32.06 ROOF TOP EXHAUST UNIT23.03 FLUSH MTD EMERGENCY KEY ACCESS BOX @ 5'-6" ABV GRADE - VERIFY LOCATION W/ AHJ 8.71 PTD EXTRUDED ALUM. SOFFIT VENT - 3" WIDE TYP. (UNO)8.92 7.69 4" x 5" (UNO) SHT MTL DOWNSPOUT OVERFLOW ROOF DRAIN; RE: PLUMBING DWGS7.55 ROOF DRAIN; RE: PLUMBING DWGS7.54 EIFS FORMED DRIP-EDGE REVEAL7.24 3/4" SQUARE MAX EIFS REVEAL7.23 1/8" MAX OPEN JOINT FOR EIFS DRAINAGE7.22 PRE-WRAPPED FOAM TRIM7.21 1-1/2" (UNO) WATER DRAINAGE EIFS W/ PRE-WRAPPED EDGE TRIM - MECH ATTACH@ PLYWOOD 7.20 WATERPROOF MEMB & PROTECTION BD; EXTEND FROM FOOTING TO WP CNTR-FLASH ABV 7.03 CONC FILLED PIPE BOLLARD5.51 SIMULATED STONE TRIM UNIT4.74 STONE VENEER W/ ADJ ANCHORS TYP4.73 VB & DRAINAGE FILL ONLY AT SLAB BLOCK-OUT3.13 7.71 30" x 36". ROOF HATCH W/LADDER SAFETY POST AND ROOFTOP SAFETY RAILING 24" x 24" WALKWAY PADS @ 30" O.C. TYP7.51 SIMULATED STONE VENEER ON MORTAR BED4.72 4.12 CONCRETE MASONRY UNIT (SIZE) MTL DOWNSPOUT BOOT - ANCHOR TO FDN5.50 LINE OF ROOF BEYOND7.01 PREFAB CONCRETE SPLASH BLOCK7.73 TOILET ACCESSORY - RE: SCHEDULE10.23 HI-LOW DOUBLE ELEC DRINKING FOUNTAIN DIV 22 PLUMBING (RE: PLUMBING DWGS) 22.02 LAVATORY W/TOP @ 32" AFF TYP22.04 UTILITY SINK22.10 MASONRY VENEER W/ADJ ANCHORS @ 24" HOR x 16" VERT OC TYP 4.03 4" HT SIGN READING "SPRINKLER VALVE & FIRE ALARM PANEL" - VERIFY TEXT W/ AHJ ROOF DECK PAVERS 10.13 7.72 2X WD FRAMING @ 16" OC MIN FRT 3/4" PLYWD DECKING6.07 6.06 PTD DECORATIVE METAL AWNING BAND, RE: STRUCT5.71 SCUPPER THRU PARAPET7.65 OVERFLOW SCUPPER 2" MAX ABV ROOF7.66 ENGINEERED WOOD TRUSS6.08 DOUBLE 2X WOOD PLATE6.09 4" HT CONCRETE PAD3.14 Description:Date:No. project number drawing issuance drawing revisions project title professional seal drawing title drawing number H.C. KLOVER ARCHITECT©10955 LOWELL AVENUE, SUITE 700 • OVERLAND PARK, KS 66210 ph: 913.649.8181 • fx: 913.649.1275 • www.klover.net 2016 HARDEE'S2220 WEBB ROADGRAND ISLAND, NE16093.001 PRELIMINARY PLANNING 03.08.16 SCALE:1SOUTH ELEVATION 1/4" = 1'-0"A200 EXTERIOR ELEVATIONS 8" CMU - LUSTRESTONE - COLOR: SLATESTONE ; USE GRAY MORTAR PATTERNFINISHMATERIAL METAL COPING - BERRIDGE - COLOR: PARCHMENT STOREFRONT - DOORS & WINDOWS - 4 1/2" DEEP PRE-FINISHED ANODIZED ALUMINUM FRAMES & COLUMN WRAPS BETWEEN WINDOWS : DARK BRONZE FINISH WITH 1" CLEAR INSULATED GLAZING, TEMPERED PER CODE. EXTERIOR FINISH SCHEDULE SEALANT COLORS: MATCH COLOR OF ADJACENT MATERIAL BEING SEALED - WHEN 2 OR MORE COLORS ARE ADJACENT, MATCH LIGHTER-COLORED MATERIAL. NOTE 1: INSTALL CULTURED STONE WITH JOINT GENERAL NOTE: ALL SIGNAGE WORK TO BE DONE SEPARATELY UNDER A SEPARATE PERMIT. FINAL CONNECTION BY GC NOTE 2: GC TO VERIFY WITH MANUFACTURER APPROPRIATE PRIMER AND PAINT GRADE FOR SUBSTRATE TO BE PAINTED, UNLESS OTHERWISE SPECIFIED STUCCO - DRYVIT, SANDPEBBLE FINE FINISH - PAINT TO MATCH GLIDDEN, PEWTER GREY AWNING & LIGHT BAND BY OWNER'S VENDOR. G.C. TO COORDINATE BLOCKING & ELECTRICAL REQUIREMENTS STONE VENEER - PROSTONE - LEDGESTONE - COLOR: CHARCOAL MIST X CAST STONE TRIM - PROSTONE - SILL TRIM PIECE - COLOR: GRAY STUCCO - DRYVIT, SANDPEBBLE FINE FINISH - PAINT TO MATCH GLIDDEN, GREY MOUNTAIN AWN-1 MTL-1 SV-1 CS-1 STC-1 STC-2 SF-1 CMU-1 PT-1 EXTERIOR PAINT - HM DOOR & FRAME - GLIDDEN, GREY MOUNTAIN PT-2 EXTERIOR PAINT - LADDER - GLIDDEN, GREY MOUNTAIN SCALE:3WEST ELEVATION 1/4" = 1'-0" SCALE:1EXTERIOR FINISH SCHEDULE NOT TO SCALE 10.11 3A300CS-1 SV-1 26.04 26.04 STOP EIFS FINISH 4" BELOW BACKSIDE OF PARAPET COPING BEYOND. TYP. AT ROOF SIDE OF ALL TOWERS. 26.04 LED LIGHT BAND 26.04 BEYOND AWN-1 AWN-1 SV-1 SV-1 CS-1 PT-3 METAL ROOF ACCESS LADDER W/ SECURITY DOOR & ROOF RETURN. PAINT. MTL-1 SF-1 SF-1 SF-1 26.04 TPO ROOFING ON 5" RIGID INSULATION. 1/4" PER FOOT SLOPE. ROOF TOP HVAC UNIT AWN-1 26.04 26.04 LED LIGHT BAND1A3011A30013A30113A3021A30326.04 LED LIGHT BAND STOP EIFS FINISH 4" BELOW BACKSIDE OF PARAPET COPING BEYOND. TYP. AT ROOF SIDE OF ALL TOWERS. ROOF TOP HVAC UNIT ROOF TOP HVAC UNIT OVERFLOW SCUPPER OVERFLOW SCUPPER 19'-2"23'-0"19'-2"23'-0"18'-2"10.11 STC-2 STC-1 STC-1 STC-1 SF-1 SV-1 CS-1 26.04 STC-2 STC-1 STC-2 TYP. 26.04 TYP. STC-1 CS-1SV-1 SV-1 STC-2 STC-1SF-1 STC-1 STC-2 MTL-1 SV-1 STC-1 CS-1 SV-1 STC-1 STC-1 SF-11A305 9A304STC-1 STC-2 STC-1 STC-2 STC-1 STC-2 STC-1 STC-1 STC-1 STC-2 MTL-1 MTL-1 MTL-1 MTL-1 AWN-1 AWN-1 AWN-1 TYP. MTL-1 TYP. STC-1 MTL-1 8'-8"B.O. AWNING TYP.9'-6"MIN. DRIVE-THRU CLEARANCE9'-6"MIN. DRIVE-THRU CLEARANCE1'-7"10.12 2" TYP. SCORE EIFS TO MATCH ADJACENT WINDOWS SF-1 7"SNAPLOCK FRAME CENTERED BETWEEN DRIVE-THRU WINDOWS. OWNER PROVIDED, GC INSTALL. STC-2 STC-2 Grand Island Regular Meeting - 5/4/2016 Page 20 / 228 T T T T ELECTRICAL TRANSFORMER 4" BROOM-FIN CONC PVMT. RE: CIVIL DIV 26 ELECTRICAL (RE: ELECTRICAL DWGS) DIV 32 EXTERIOR IMPROVEMENTS DIV 31 EARTHWORK 32.01 26.01 ALUM STOREFRONT FRAMING WITH 1" INSUL LOW-E GLASS (TEMPER AT "T") - SHIM/SEAL ALL AROUND TYP. CONT 3/8" SEALANT W/ BACKING 1/2" TYPE "X" GYP BD W/ CJS @ 30'-0" MAX. SHT MTL COPING & CONT CLEAT 1/4" PER FOOT TYP TAPERED ROOF INSUL TO DRAIN TYPICAL SIGNAGE (NIC) - PROVIDE PLYWD BACKING & ELEC POWER CONNECTION FULLY-ADHERED ROOF MEMBRANE UP PARAPET TO UNDER SHT MTL COPING HOLLOW METAL ANCHORS; MIN 3 PER JAMB PTD HOLLOW METAL DOOR & FRAME, GALV. @ EXT. TYP. DIV 10 SPECIALTIES 10.11 9.11 DIV 09 FINISHES DIV 08 OPENINGS 8.40 8.02 8.01 7.90 7.60 7.53 7.52 2x EXT WOOD TRIM 1x EXT WOOD TRIM 1/2" CDX PLYWD SHTH 1/2" CEMENTITIOUS GYPSUM SHEATHING 1/2" GLASS-MAT GYP SOFFIT BD W/ PAINTED SKIM COAT FINISH 2" X 24" MIN RIGID PERIMETER INSULATION PRESERVATIVE TREATED WD SHIMS @ 16" OC MAX FOR 1/2"/FT MIN SLOPE AT BLKG ABV CAST STONE TRIM UNIT 1/2" GLASS-MAT GYP SHTH - SEAL JOINTS TYP 5 1/2" (R-19) BATT INSUL W/ VB TO WARM SIDE PTD 18" WIDE STEEL LADDER TO ROOF WITH LOCKABLE SECURITY SCREEN 48" PRESERVATIVE TREATED 1/2" EXTERIOR GRADE PLYWD AT SIGNS TYP COLD-FORMED MTL FRAMING @ 16" OC (WIDTH) ROOF MEMBRANE & SLOPED INSULATION ON AIR-BARRIER - ADD PROTECT MEMB 6" ALL-AROUND UTILITY SUPPORTS, TYP WATER-RESISTANT BARRIER @ SHEATHING 12" THICK (R-36) BATT INSUL W/ VB TO WARM SIDE IN ATTIC/SOFFITS TYVEK VAPOR BARRIER W/ JOINTS SEALED 1 1/2" HT STRUCTURAL STEEL DECK STRUCTURAL STEEL CHANNEL (RE: STRUCT) PRESERVATIVE TREATED WD BLKG DIV 07 THERMAL AND MOISTURE PROTECTION DIV 06 WOOD, PLASTICS AND COMPOSITES STRUCTURAL STEEL BEAM (RE: STRUCT) DIV 05 METALS (RE: STRUCTURAL DWGS) 6.10 7.50 7.15 7.14 7.13 7.12 7.10 6.21 6.20 6.14 6.12 6.11 WOOD BLOCKING 6.05 6.04 6.03 6.01 STRUCTURAL STEEL JOIST (RE: STRUCT) 5.52 5.20 5.40 5.30 SIMULATED STONE & MORTAR BED W/ MTL LATH STRUCTURAL STEEL TUBE (RE: STRUCT) STRUCTURAL STEEL ANGLE (RE: STRUCT) STRUCTURAL STEEL COLUMN (RE: STRUCT) 5.04 5.05 5.03 5.02 5.01 4.71 4.70 MASONRY THRU-WALL FLASHING W/ MTL DRIP EDGE & WEEPS @ 24" OC MAX 2" MIN CAVITY W/ DRAINAGE MESH @ BASE PREFACBRICATED CONCRETE SPLASH BLOCK 1/2" W SNAP-CAP JOINT FILLER W/ SEALANT BRICK SOLDIER COURSE SOLID GROUT FILL BELOW THRU-WALL FLASHING SMOOTH-FACE CMU BELOW GRADE W/ SOLID GROUT FILL @ ALL CELLS TROWEL FINISH CONC AT STEM WALL TOP BRICK ROWLOCK COURSE MASONRY WALL W/ HORIZ JOINT REINF @ 24" OC; RE: STRUCTURAL FOR VERT REINF (WIDTH) DIV 04 MASONRY (RE: EXTERIOR FINISH SCHEDULE) 5" CONC SLAB OVER VAPOR BARRIER DIV 03 CONCRETE (RE: STRUCTURAL DWGS) 4.04 MASONRY CONTROL JOINT W/ CONT. SEALANT & BACKER ROD 4.21 4.20 4.05 4.07 4.06 4.02 3.16 4.01 3.15 3.11 3.02 3.01 CONC FOOTING & FOUNDATION SHT MTL FLASHING; FOLD-BACK EDGES, TYP7.61 SHT MTL COUNTERFLASHING7.63 CONT 3/8" SEALANT W/ WEEPS @ 24" OC7.91 1/2" TYPE "X" GYP BOARD CEILING/SOFFIT9.14 .0312" (20 GA) MTL STUDS @ 16" OC (SIZE)9.21 DBL .0312" (20 GA) MTL STUDS BS @ OPENINGS9.22 ACOUSTICAL PANEL CEILING SYSTEM9.50 9.90 TEXTURE-FINISH COATING 4" MIN DRAINAGE FILL31.02 COMPACTED BACKFILL31.03 4.13 REINFORCED MASONRY BOND BEAM (RE: STRUCT) KEY NOTES: FASTENER W/ NEOPRENE WASHER @12" OC7.92 ROOF EDGE FLASHING W/ FASTENERS @ 6" O.C. IN (2) ROWS OFFSET 3"; LAP ROOF MEMBRANE AND SEAL 7.57 ALUM ENTRANCE DOOR W/SINGLE PANE LOW-E GLASS (TEMPER AT "T") - SHIM/SEAL ALL AROUND TYP. 8.41 ALUMINUM WINDOW8.51 FABRIC AWNING W/PTD GALV STL FRAME @ 48" O.C. TYP10.71 8" HT INT MTD WHITE PSV BUILDING ADDRESS NUMBERS ABV ENTRY - VERIFY TEXT W/AHJ 10.12 ROOF TOP HVAC UNIT DIV 23 HVAC (RE: MECHANICAL DWGS) 23.01 MAIN ELECTRICAL SERVICE ENTRANCE26.02 ELECTRICAL LIGHT FIXTURE, TYP26.04 ASPHALT PAVING32.06 ROOF TOP EXHAUST UNIT23.03 FLUSH MTD EMERGENCY KEY ACCESS BOX @ 5'-6" ABV GRADE - VERIFY LOCATION W/ AHJ 8.71 PTD EXTRUDED ALUM. SOFFIT VENT - 3" WIDE TYP. (UNO)8.92 7.69 4" x 5" (UNO) SHT MTL DOWNSPOUT OVERFLOW ROOF DRAIN; RE: PLUMBING DWGS7.55 ROOF DRAIN; RE: PLUMBING DWGS7.54 EIFS FORMED DRIP-EDGE REVEAL7.24 3/4" SQUARE MAX EIFS REVEAL7.23 1/8" MAX OPEN JOINT FOR EIFS DRAINAGE7.22 PRE-WRAPPED FOAM TRIM7.21 1-1/2" (UNO) WATER DRAINAGE EIFS W/ PRE-WRAPPED EDGE TRIM - MECH ATTACH@ PLYWOOD 7.20 WATERPROOF MEMB & PROTECTION BD; EXTEND FROM FOOTING TO WP CNTR-FLASH ABV 7.03 CONC FILLED PIPE BOLLARD5.51 SIMULATED STONE TRIM UNIT4.74 STONE VENEER W/ ADJ ANCHORS TYP4.73 VB & DRAINAGE FILL ONLY AT SLAB BLOCK-OUT3.13 7.71 30" x 36". ROOF HATCH W/LADDER SAFETY POST AND ROOFTOP SAFETY RAILING 24" x 24" WALKWAY PADS @ 30" O.C. TYP7.51 SIMULATED STONE VENEER ON MORTAR BED4.72 4.12 CONCRETE MASONRY UNIT (SIZE) MTL DOWNSPOUT BOOT - ANCHOR TO FDN5.50 LINE OF ROOF BEYOND7.01 PREFAB CONCRETE SPLASH BLOCK7.73 TOILET ACCESSORY - RE: SCHEDULE10.23 HI-LOW DOUBLE ELEC DRINKING FOUNTAIN DIV 22 PLUMBING (RE: PLUMBING DWGS) 22.02 LAVATORY W/TOP @ 32" AFF TYP22.04 UTILITY SINK22.10 MASONRY VENEER W/ADJ ANCHORS @ 24" HOR x 16" VERT OC TYP 4.03 4" HT SIGN READING "SPRINKLER VALVE & FIRE ALARM PANEL" - VERIFY TEXT W/ AHJ ROOF DECK PAVERS 10.13 7.72 2X WD FRAMING @ 16" OC MIN FRT 3/4" PLYWD DECKING6.07 6.06 PTD DECORATIVE METAL AWNING BAND, RE: STRUCT5.71 SCUPPER THRU PARAPET7.65 OVERFLOW SCUPPER 2" MAX ABV ROOF7.66 ENGINEERED WOOD TRUSS6.08 DOUBLE 2X WOOD PLATE6.09 4" HT CONCRETE PAD3.14 Description:Date:No. project number drawing issuance drawing revisions project title professional seal drawing title drawing number H.C. KLOVER ARCHITECT©10955 LOWELL AVENUE, SUITE 700 • OVERLAND PARK, KS 66210 ph: 913.649.8181 • fx: 913.649.1275 • www.klover.net 2016 HARDEE'S2220 WEBB ROADGRAND ISLAND, NE16093.001 PRELIMINARY PLANNING 03.08.16 SCALE:1NORTH ELEVATION 1/4" = 1'-0"A201 EXTERIOR ELEVATIONS 8" CMU - LUSTRESTONE - COLOR: SLATESTONE ; USE GRAY MORTAR PATTERNFINISHMATERIAL METAL COPING - BERRIDGE - COLOR: PARCHMENT STOREFRONT - DOORS & WINDOWS - 4 1/2" DEEP PRE-FINISHED ANODIZED ALUMINUM FRAMES & COLUMN WRAPS BETWEEN WINDOWS : DARK BRONZE FINISH WITH 1" CLEAR INSULATED GLAZING, TEMPERED PER CODE. EXTERIOR FINISH SCHEDULE SEALANT COLORS: MATCH COLOR OF ADJACENT MATERIAL BEING SEALED - WHEN 2 OR MORE COLORS ARE ADJACENT, MATCH LIGHTER-COLORED MATERIAL. NOTE 1: INSTALL CULTURED STONE WITH JOINT GENERAL NOTE: ALL SIGNAGE WORK TO BE DONE SEPARATELY UNDER A SEPARATE PERMIT. FINAL CONNECTION BY GC NOTE 2: GC TO VERIFY WITH MANUFACTURER APPROPRIATE PRIMER AND PAINT GRADE FOR SUBSTRATE TO BE PAINTED, UNLESS OTHERWISE SPECIFIED STUCCO - DRYVIT, SANDPEBBLE FINE FINISH - PAINT TO MATCH GLIDDEN, PEWTER GREY AWNING & LIGHT BAND BY OWNER'S VENDOR. G.C. TO COORDINATE BLOCKING & ELECTRICAL REQUIREMENTS STONE VENEER - PROSTONE - LEDGESTONE - COLOR: CHARCOAL MIST X CAST STONE TRIM - PROSTONE - SILL TRIM PIECE - COLOR: GRAY STUCCO - DRYVIT, SANDPEBBLE FINE FINISH - PAINT TO MATCH GLIDDEN, GREY MOUNTAIN AWN-1 MTL-1 SV-1 CS-1 STC-1 STC-2 SF-1 CMU-1 PT-1 EXTERIOR PAINT - HM DOOR & FRAME - GLIDDEN, GREY MOUNTAIN PT-2 EXTERIOR PAINT - LADDER - GLIDDEN, GREY MOUNTAIN SCALE:3EAST ELEVATION 1/4" = 1'-0" SCALE:1EXTERIOR FINISH SCHEDULE NOT TO SCALE 3'-6"3'-1"1'-6" 2'-0" AWN-1 METAL ROOF ACCESS LADDER W/ SECURITY DOOR & ROOF RETURN AWN-1 26.04 26.042A301 SIM2A30013A30326.04 STOP EIFS FINISH 4" BELOW BACK SIDE OF PARAPET COPING BEYOND. TYP. FOR ROOF SIDE OF ALL TOWERS. LED LIGHT BAND 9'-6"METAL ROOF ACCESS LADDER W/ SECURITY DOOR & ROOF RETURN EMERGENCY EGRESS LIGHT FIXTURE. TYP. AT EA. EXTERIOR DOOR STOP EIFS FINISH 4" BELOW BACK SIDE OF PARAPET COPING BEYOND. TYP. FOR ROOF SIDE OF ALL TOWERS. AWN-1 26.04 26.04 LED LIGHT BAND 26.04 LED LIGHT BAND 6'-9"1A300SV-1 STC-2 SV-1 STC-2 STC-1 STC-1 SF-1 PT-1 PT-2 SF-1SF-1 26.04 TYP. SV-1SF-1 26.04 TYP. ROOF TOP HVAC UNIT ROOF TOP HVAC UNIT ROOF TOP HVAC UNIT10.11 STC-1 STC-1 STC-2 CS-1 SV-1 CS-1 STC-2 STC-2 STC-1 STC-1 STC-1 STC-1 SV-1 STC-1 STC-1 STC-1 STC-1 CS-1 STC-2 STC-2 STC-1 STC-1 CS-1 SV-1 PT-2 ROOF TOP HVAC UNIT STC-1 STC-1 18'-2"23'-0"19'-2"23'-0"18'-2"1A304STC-2 STC-2 AWN-1 MTL-1 MTL-1 MTL-1 MTL-1 MTL-1 MTL-1 MTL-1 2'-6"1'-7"8.71 2"1'-2"Grand Island Regular Meeting - 5/4/2016 Page 21 / 228 March 30, 2016 Dear Members of the Board: Re: Rezone – Concerning the rezone of Lot Six (6), Grand Island Mall Eighteenth Subdivision, in the City of Grand Island, Hall County, Nebraska from CD Commercial Development to Amended Commercial Development Zone. This property is located west of Webb Road and north of College Street. For reasons of Section 19-923 Revised Statues of Nebraska, as amended, there is herewith submitted a rezone request to the Grand Island Zoning Map from CD to amended CD Zone. As shown on the enclosed map. You are hereby notified that the Regional Planning Commission will consider this zoning change at the next meeting that will be held at 6:00 p.m. on April 13, 2016 in the Council Chambers located in Grand Island's City Hall. Sincerely, Chad Nabity, AICP Planning Director cc: City Clerk City Attorney City Public Works City Building Department City Utilities This letter was sent to the following School Districts 1R, 2, 3, 19, 82, 83, 100, 126. Grand Island Regular Meeting - 5/4/2016 Page 22 / 228 Grand Island Regular Meeting - 5/4/2016 Page 23 / 228 Hall County Regional Planning Commission Wednesday, May 4, 2016 Regular Meeting Item F2 Public Hearing - Hall County Multi Hazard Mitigation Plan Staff Contact: Chad Nabity Grand Island Regular Meeting - 5/4/2016 Page 24 / 228 Agenda Item 5 PLANNING DIRECTOR RECOMMENDATION TO REGIONAL PLANNING COMMISSION: April 13, 2016 SUBJECT:Hall County Multi-Hazard Mitigation Plan. PROPOSAL: The Emergency Management Department, working with the Regional Planning, has completed the updates for the Hall County Hazard Mitigation Plan and it has received tentative approval by FEMA. The next step is acceptance by the Planning commission prior to sending to each participating jurisdiction for adoption by resolution. OVERVIEW: This presentation is intended to inform the Planning Commission about the Hazard Mitigation Plan. Planning Commissioners are invited to review and accept the Plan so it can be forwarded to local participating jurisdictions for their formal adoption. ___________________ Chad Nabity AICP, Planning Director Grand Island Regular Meeting - 5/4/2016 Page 25 / 228 U.S. Department of Homeland Security FEMA Region VII 9221 Ward Parkway, Ste. 300 Kansas City, MO 64114-3323 www.fema.gov March 9, 2016 Bryan Tuma Assistant Director Nebraska Emergency Management Agency 2433 NW 24th Street Lincoln, NE 68524 Subject: Review of the Hall County, Nebraska Hazard Mitigation Plan Dear Mr. Tuma: The purpose of this letter is to provide the status of the above referenced Local Hazard Mitigation Plan, pursuant to the requirements of 44 CFR Part 201 - Mitigation Planning and the Local Multi- Hazard Mitigation Planning Guidance. The Local Hazard Mitigation Plan Review Tool documents the Region’s review and compliance with all required elements of 44 CFR Part 201.6, as well as identifies the jurisdictions participating in the planning process. FEMA’s approval will be for a period of five years effective starting the date of adoption documentation. Prior to the expiration of the plan the community will be required to review and revise their plan to reflect changes in development, progress in local mitigation efforts, and changes in priorities, and resubmit it for approval in order to continue to be eligible for mitigation project grant funding. Local Jurisdiction Date Submitted Date Approved Pending Adtoption Date of Plan Adoption Date of Plan Expiration Review Status Hall County February 26, 2016 March 7, 2016 Approved pending FEMA’s receipt of adoption documentation If you have any questions or concerns, please contact Joe Chandler, Planning Team Lead, at (816) 283-7071. Sincerely, Michael R. Scott, Director Mitigation Division Grand Island Regular Meeting - 5/4/2016 Page 26 / 228 HAZARD MITIGATION PLAN REVIEW TOOL FEMA Region VII Hall County HMP Update Approvable Pending Adoption 1 | Page Jurisdiction: Hall County, NE Title of Plan: Hall County Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan Update Date of Plan: September 2015 Local Point of Contact: Jon Rosenlund Address: 100 E. 1st St. Grand Island, NE 68801 Title: Director of Emergency Mgt. Agency: Grand Island/Hall County EMA Phone Number: 308-385-5362 E-Mail: jonr@grand-island.com Funding Source: HMGP w/ Local Match State Reviewer: Mary Baker Title: SHMO Date: 10/13/15 FEMA Reviewer: Steve Greene Michelle Wolfe Title: Hazard Mitigation Community Planner Hazard Mitigation Community Planner Date: 3 November 2015 9 November 2015 Date Received in FEMA Region VII 14 October 2015, 12 January 2016, Plan Not Approved (Technical Assistance) 16 November 2015, 26 February 2016 Plan Approvable Pending Adoption 7 March 2016 Plan Approved Jurisdiction: NFIP Status* Y NP 1. Hall County, NE  2. Alda, NE  3. Cairo, NE  4. Doniphan, NE  5. Grand Island, NE  6. Wood River, NE  * Notes: Y = Participating NP = Not Participating in NFIP S- Sanctioned R-Rescinded Prior to the next update, planning team members are strongly encouraged to review current guidance and training materials and meet with the State Hazard Mitigation Officer who will be able to provide guidance in developing a more robust planning document. Grand Island Regular Meeting - 5/4/2016 Page 27 / 228 HAZARD MITIGATION PLAN REVIEW TOOL FEMA Region VII Hall County HMP Update Approvable Pending Adoption 2 | Page SECTION 1: REGULATION CHECKLIST 1. REGULATION CHECKLIST Location in Plan (page number) Met Not Met Regulation (44 CFR 201.6 Local Mitigation Plans) ELEMENT A. PLANNING PROCESS A1. Does the Plan document the planning process, including how it was prepared and who was involved in the process for each jurisdiction? (Requirement §201.6(c)(1)) Page 5-8  A2. Does the Plan document an opportunity for neighboring communities, local and regional agencies involved in hazard mitigation activities, agencies that have the authority to regulate development as well as other interests to be involved in the planning process? (Requirement §201.6(b)(2)) Page 5-8, Page 53  A3. Does the Plan document how the public was involved in the planning process during the drafting stage? (Requirement §201.6(b)(1)) Page 5-8, page 53  A4. Does the Plan describe the review and incorporation of existing plans, studies, reports, and technical information? (Requirement §201.6(b)(3)) Page 8  A5. Is there discussion of how the community(ies) will continue public participation in the plan maintenance process? (Requirement §201.6(c)(4)(iii)) Page 68  A6. Is there a description of the method and schedule for keeping the plan current (monitoring, evaluating and updating the mitigation plan within a 5- year cycle)? (Requirement §201.6(c)(4)(i)) Page 68-70  ELEMENT A: REQUIRED REVISIONS Reviewers’ Comments and Concerns: There are a number of questions associated with the planning process and the engagement of community representatives: • Were public utility or natural resource district representatives asked to participate in the process? • Why weren’t Grand Island Public Schools included as plan participants when their representatives attended the meeting? • How were communications handled for planning team members or stakeholders unable to attend the meeting(s)? What was done to update, modify or expand the previous plan? • What comments were received from the public? How were those comments addressed in the plan? • From the given description of the planning process and the agencies involved in the process, we would encourage the planning team to explore options for a more robust and inclusive planning process at the next plan update. Grand Island Regular Meeting - 5/4/2016 Page 28 / 228 HAZARD MITIGATION PLAN REVIEW TOOL FEMA Region VII Hall County HMP Update Approvable Pending Adoption 3 | Page 1. REGULATION CHECKLIST Location in Plan (page number) Met Not Met Regulation (44 CFR 201.6 Local Mitigation Plans) ELEMENT B. HAZARD IDENTIFICATION AND RISK ASSESSMENT B1. Does the Plan include a description of the type, location, and extent of all natural hazards that can affect each jurisdiction(s)? (Requirement §201.6(c)(2)(i)) Hall Co. Pages 11-52 Alda: Pgs: 91-92  B2. Does the Plan include information on previous occurrences of hazard events and on the probability of future hazard events for each jurisdiction? (Requirement §201.6(c)(2)(i)) Hall Co. Pg. 11-52 Probability statements: Pg. 26, 34, 42, 48, 51, 52 Alda: 91-92 Cairo: Pg. 99-100 Doniphan: Pg. 107-109 Grand Island: Pg. 115- 119 Wood River: Pg. 134- 136  B3. Is there a description of each identified hazard’s impact on the community as well as an overall summary of the community’s vulnerability for each jurisdiction? (Requirement §201.6(c)(2)(ii)) Hall County Pages 11- 52 Vulnerability: Pg. 27, 34, 42, 48, 51, 52 Alda: Pg. 93 Cairo: Pg. 101-102 Doniphan: Pg. 109-110 Grand Island: Pg.121- 126 Wood River: Pg. 136- 138  B4. Does the Plan address NFIP insured structures within the jurisdiction that have been repetitively damaged by floods? (Requirement §201.6(c)(2)(ii)) Hall Co. Page 29-30 Alda: Pg. 30, 93 Cairo, Pg. 30, 101 Doniphan: Pg. 30, 109 Grand Island: Pg. 30, 119 Wood River: Pg. 30, 136  Grand Island Regular Meeting - 5/4/2016 Page 29 / 228 HAZARD MITIGATION PLAN REVIEW TOOL FEMA Region VII Hall County HMP Update Approvable Pending Adoption 4 | Page 1. REGULATION CHECKLIST Location in Plan (page number) Met Not Met Regulation (44 CFR 201.6 Local Mitigation Plans) ELEMENT B: REQUIRED REVISIONS Reviewers’ Comments and Concerns: Region VII strongly recommends separation of hazards: conditions ascribed to summer storms, such as hail, lightning, high winds, heavy rain can occur at any time of the year; these events occur with widely varying frequencies and impact jurisdictions and their populations in dissimilar ways. Mitigation strategies are also different. Furthermore, the hazard profiles do not adequately characterize “sub components” such as extreme heat, extreme cold, and heavy rain. Region VII strongly recommends that probability be provided as the number of events occurring over a specified period of time, typically years. This avoids confusion about the definitions of likely, highly likely, unlikely, etc., and offers a clearer basis for planning and decision-making. (If all reported hazards are “likely,” which hazard should be addressed first? If several hazards have a 100% chance of occurring every year, (snow storms and thunderstorms, for instance) then which of those hazards have caused, or could cause the most damage on an annual basis?) The NCDC is not considered the best source of information on wildfires: we recommend consulting the State Fire Marshal or the State Department of Natural Resources. Future land use maps and critical facilities maps would be improved if they included an overlay of the delineated floodplains. There are a number of statements regarding mitigation, probability, extent, risk and impact which suggest that these terms are not clearly understood. Examples include the following: p. 27: “ like tornadoes, there is little one can do to mitigate severe weather events – just be prepared” p 110: “the entire structure stock is vulnerable to the severe weather, tornado and drought hazard.” From the Local Mitigation Plan Review Guide: Overall Intent. The risk assessment provides the factual basis for activities proposed in the strategy that will reduce losses from identified hazards. A quality risk assessments makes a clear connection between the community’s vulnerability and the hazard mitigation actions. In other words, it provides sufficient information to enable the jurisdiction(s) to identify and prioritize appropriate hazard mitigation actions. Local risk assessments do not need to be based on the most sophisticated technology, but do need to be accurate, current, and relevant. During a plan update, local jurisdictions assess current and expected future vulnerability to all hazards and integrate new hazard data such as recent hazard events and new flood studies. In the mitigation plan review, FEMA looks at the quality of the information in the risk assessment, not the quantity of information in the risk assessment. Grand Island Regular Meeting - 5/4/2016 Page 30 / 228 HAZARD MITIGATION PLAN REVIEW TOOL FEMA Region VII Hall County HMP Update Approvable Pending Adoption 5 | Page 1. REGULATION CHECKLIST Location in Plan (page number) Met Not Met Regulation (44 CFR 201.6 Local Mitigation Plans) ELEMENT C. MITIGATION STRATEGY C1. Does the plan document each jurisdiction’s existing authorities, policies, programs and resources and its ability to expand on and improve these existing policies and programs? (Requirement §201.6(c)(3)) Page 56  C2. Does the Plan address each jurisdiction’s participation in the NFIP and continued compliance with NFIP requirements, as appropriate? (Requirement §201.6(c)(3)(ii)) Page 35  C3. Does the Plan include goals to reduce/avoid long-term vulnerabilities to the identified hazards? (Requirement §201.6(c)(3)(i)) Page 55-67  C4. Does the Plan identify and analyze a comprehensive range of specific mitigation actions and projects for each jurisdiction being considered to reduce the effects of hazards, with emphasis on new and existing buildings and infrastructure? (Requirement §201.6(c)(3)(ii)) Page 55-67  C5. Does the Plan contain an action plan that describes how the actions identified will be prioritized (including cost benefit review), implemented, and administered by each jurisdiction? (Requirement §201.6(c)(3)(iv)); (Requirement §201.6(c)(3)(iii)) Page 55-67 Timeframes are listed with project descriptions  C6. Does the Plan describe a process by which local governments will integrate the requirements of the mitigation plan into other planning mechanisms, such as comprehensive or capital improvement plans, when appropriate? (Requirement §201.6(c)(4)(ii)) Page 69-70  ELEMENT C: REQUIRED REVISIONS Reviewers’ Comments and Concerns: (C1) p. 56. “Hall County and all municipalities and political subdivisions therein have the authority through State Law in Nebraska to plan, fund, and implement, repair, restore, and maintain hazard mitigation projects. Each jurisdiction has its own emergency management program and can maintain, expand and improve this and any other emergency management and mitigation plan, project and program. In addition to funding and budgetary authority, Hall County and all participating municipalities and political subdivisions (Cities, Villages, & GIPS) also have the resources necessary to plan, construct (through contract as needed), maintain and monitor the hazard mitigation projects identified in this plan. Each has its own public works and/or maintenance staff, a local emergency manager or emergency planner (GIPS) and annual budgets to support this staff. “ We presume all jurisdictions have the authorities granted by their respective State. These statements provide no meaningful information that might allow planning team members to understand and evaluate needed or available capabilities and resources. Despite the generic description provided here, the plan indicates that all mitigation actions are the sole responsibility of the Village or City Clerk (as appropriate to the jurisdiction), or the Hall County Regional Planning Director. It is not clear to us that the Hall County Regional Planning Director would have authority to act on behalf of the City of Grand Island. Grand Island Regular Meeting - 5/4/2016 Page 31 / 228 HAZARD MITIGATION PLAN REVIEW TOOL FEMA Region VII Hall County HMP Update Approvable Pending Adoption 6 | Page (C5) The plan must identify the position, office, department, or agency responsible for implementing and administering the action (for each jurisdiction), and identify potential funding sources and expected timeframes for completion. It is not necessary or appropriate to apply these elements to goals and objectives as has been done in the County component of the plan. Please identify the responsible position responsible for implementing and administering actions for each jurisdiction, including the county, at the next plan update. Grand Island Regular Meeting - 5/4/2016 Page 32 / 228 HAZARD MITIGATION PLAN REVIEW TOOL FEMA Region VII Hall County HMP Update Approvable Pending Adoption 7 | Page 1. REGULATION CHECKLIST Location in Plan (page number) Met Not Met Regulation (44 CFR 201.6 Local Mitigation Plans) ELEMENT D. PLAN REVIEW, EVALUATION, AND IMPLEMENTATION (applicable to plan updates only) D1. Was the plan revised to reflect changes in development? (Requirement §201.6(d)(3)) Hall Co. Pg 52, 55-56. Alda: Pgs 95-96 Cairo: Pg 104 Doniphan: Pg 112 Grand Island: Pg 128 Wood River: Pg 139  D2. Was the plan revised to reflect progress in local mitigation efforts? (Requirement §201.6(d)(3)) Pages 55-67  D3. Was the plan revised to reflect changes in priorities? (Requirement §201.6(d)(3)) Pages 55-56  ELEMENT D: REQUIRED REVISIONS Reviewers’ Comments and Concerns: D1. The plan must describe changes in development that have occurred in hazard prone areas and increased or decreased the vulnerability of each jurisdiction since the last plan was approved. Changes in development means recent development (for example, construction completed since the last plan was approved), potential development (for example, development planned or under consideration by the jurisdiction), or conditions that may affect the risks and vulnerabilities of the jurisdictions (for example, climate variability, declining populations or projected increases in population, or foreclosures). Not all development will affect a jurisdiction’s vulnerability. **Consider incorporating current and future land use maps from jurisdictions’ comprehensive plans to reflect development changes relative to known hazard areas. D3. The plan must describe if and how any priorities changed since the plan was previously approved. ELEMENT E. PLAN ADOPTION E1. Does the Plan include documentation that the plan has been formally adopted by the governing body of the jurisdiction requesting approval? (Requirement §201.6(c)(5)) Plans will be adopted upon approval  E2. For multi-jurisdictional plans, has each jurisdiction requesting approval of the plan documented formal plan adoption? (Requirement §201.6(c)(5)) Plans will be adopted upon approval  ELEMENT E: REQUIRED REVISIONS Written proof that all jurisdictions’ governing bodies have formally adopted the plan (usually a resolution) must be submitted to FEMA. Note: If the plan is not adopted by a participating jurisdiction, that jurisdiction would not be eligible for project grants under the following hazard mitigation assistance programs: HMGP, PDM, and FMA. Grand Island Regular Meeting - 5/4/2016 Page 33 / 228 Hall County All-Hazards Mitigation Plan Update Previous Version by Nebraska Department of Natural Resources U.S. Army Corps of Engineers 2008 Participating Communities include: Hall County Grand Island Wood River Alda Cairo Doniphan Revised by Grand Island-Hall County Emergency Management December 2015 Grand Island Regular Meeting - 5/4/2016 Page 34 / 228 TABLE OF CONTENTS 1.0 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 Purpose of this Plan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4 Methodology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5 Organization of Plan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .8 Hall County – Background . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .8 2.0 Risk Assessment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .11 2.10 Severe Weather . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 2.11 Background . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .12 2.12 Severe Weather History . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 2.13 Probability of Future Severe Weather Events . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .27 2.14 Vulnerability Assessment of the Severe Weather Hazard . . . . . . .27 2.15 Potential Severe Weather Mitigation Measures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27 2.20 Flood . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .28 2.21 Background . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .28 2.22 Flood History . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .30 2.23 Probability of Future Flood Events . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .34 2.24 Vulnerability Assessment of the Flood Hazard . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .34 2.25 Potential Flood Mitigation Measures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .35 2.30 Tornado . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .37 2.31 Background . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37 2.32 Tornado History . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .38 2.33 Probability of Future Tornado Events . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42 2.34 Vulnerability Assessment of the Tornado Hazard . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42 2.35 Potential Tornado Mitigation Measures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42 2.40 Drought . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .45 2.41 Background . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .45 2.42 Drought History . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .47 2.43 Probability of Future Drought Events . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48 2.44 Vulnerability Assessment of the Drought Hazard . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48 2.45 Potential Drought Mitigation Measures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48 2.50 Dam Failure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .50 2.51 Background . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .50 2.52 Dam Failure History . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .50 2.53 Probability of Future Dam Failure Events . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51 2.54 Vulnerability Assessment of the Dam Failure Hazard . . . . . . . . . . 51 2.55 Potential Dam Failure Mitigation Measures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51 2.60 Levee Failure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51 2.61 Background . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .51 2.62 Levee Failure History . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .52 2.63 Probability of Future Levee Failure Events . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52 2.64 Vulnerability Assessment of the Levee Failure Hazard . . . . . . . . . 52 2.65 Potential Dam Failure Mitigation Measures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52 2 Grand Island Regular Meeting - 5/4/2016 Page 35 / 228 2.70 Future Development and Hazard Vulnerability . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .52 3.0 Public Participation on Plan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53 Plans and Other Information Used in the Development of this Plan . . . . . . . . . . .54 4.0 Implementation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55 Recommendations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .57 Plan Evaluation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68 Incorporation into Existing Planning Mechanisms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .69 List of Appendices Appendix A – Sample Plan Update Worksheets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .71 Appendix B – Compendium of Public Meeting Documentation . . . . . . . . . . .80 Appendix C – Community-Specific Mitigation Planning Information . . . . . .90 Alda . . . . . . . . . . . . .91 Cairo . . . . . . . . . . . . 99 Doniphan . . . . . . . . 107 Grand Island . . . . . . 115 Wood River . . . . . . 134 Appendix D – Adoption Documentation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 143 3 Grand Island Regular Meeting - 5/4/2016 Page 36 / 228 Chapter 1 – Introduction I.Purpose of this Plan The purpose of this plan is to fulfill local multi-jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan requirements. The plan will identify hazards, analyze risks, establish community goals and objectives, and select mitigation activities that are appropriate for Hall County. The Disaster Mitigation Act of 2000 (DMA2000), Section 322 (a-d) requires that local governments, as a condition of receiving federal disaster mitigation funds, have a mitigation plan that describes the process of identifying hazards, risks and vulnerabilities, identify and prioritize mitigation actions, encourage the development of local mitigation, and provide technical support for those efforts. In addition, this plan has fulfilled the requirements of the National Flood Insurance Reform Act of 1994 (NFIRA). With this Act, Congress authorized the establishment of a Federal grant program to provide financial assistance to States and communities for flood mitigation planning and activities. The Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) has designated this as the Flood Mitigation Assistance (FMA) program. Under the FMA program, FEMA provides assistance to states and communities for activities that will reduce the risk of flood damages to structures insurance under the National Flood Insurance Program (NFIP). FMA is a State-administered cost-share program through which states and communities can receive grants for flood mitigation planning, technical assistance, and mitigation projects. Only projects for mitigation activities specified in an approved Flood Mitigation Plan are eligible for FMA project grants. These activities include elevation, acquisition, and relocation of flood- prone insurable structures. The other two Mitigation Grants that are available through NEMA are the Pre-Disaster Mitigation Grant, that is an annual federal appropriation similar to the FMA grant program. Both of them are competitive nationwide and are completed through the on-line e-Grants system with FEMA. The 404 Hazard Mitigation Grant Program provides funding with each federal disaster declaration for mitigation projects that can be accomplished state wide to achieve local priorities and complete mitigation plan reviews. HMGP funding varies with each disaster and is competitive across the state as these mitigation funds are available to all public entities with an approved/adopted Local Hazard Mitigation Plan. The purpose of this plan is to produce a program of activities that will best tackle Hall County’s hazard and flood problems and meet other, community-specific needs. Consistent with FEMA planning process guidelines, the purpose of this plan is to accomplish the following objectives: Ensure that all possible activities are reviewed and implemented so that disaster related hazards are addressed by the most appropriate and efficient solution; Link hazard management policies to specific activities; 4 Grand Island Regular Meeting - 5/4/2016 Page 37 / 228 Educate residents about potential hazards that threaten the community, including but not limited to floods, extreme weather events, tornadoes and high wind events, earthquakes, and human-made events; Build public and political support for projects that prevent new problems from known hazards and reduce future losses; Fulfill planning requirements for future hazard mitigation project grants, and; Facilitate implementation of hazard mitigation management activities through an action plan. II.Methodology The methodology used for the development and updating of the Hall County Hazard Mitigation Plan, consisted of the following tasks: 1.Public Involvement 2.Coordination with other agencies or organizations 3.Hazard area inventory 4.Problem identification 5.Review and analysis of possible mitigation activities 6.Local adoption following a public hearing 7.Periodic review and update This hazard mitigation plan contains a list of potential projects and a brief rationale or explanation of how each project or group of projects contributes to the overall mitigation strategy outlined in the plan. This plan summarizes the activities outlined above to assess the effects of the hazards to which Hall County residents deemed they were most vulnerable, and recommends mitigation solutions. The Mitigation Plan will be evaluated and updated every five years. In addition, the plan will be updated as appropriate when a disaster occurs that significantly affects the County, whether or not it receives a Presidential Declaration. The update should be completed as soon as possible, but no later than 12 months following the date of the disaster event. Planning Process Narrative This second edition of the Hall County Emergency Operations Plan is an update from the original plan dated 2007. Staff from the Hall County-Grand Island Emergency Management and the Hall County-Grand Island Regional Planning Departments, coordinating efforts through the Hall County Regional Planning Committee, played the primary roles to coordinate the plan review and update to include hazard vulnerability surveys completed by planning partners and local communities, update of historical incident information, GIS data updates, mitigation project status updates, introduction of new mitigation ideas as presented by community members, elected and appointed local officials. Public Participation The initial public meeting was held on June 5, 2013 at a regular meeting of the Hall County Regional Planning Committee. During this meeting, citizens and officials of Hall County reviewed three main goals of this mitigation planning effort: 5 Grand Island Regular Meeting - 5/4/2016 Page 38 / 228 1)Reduce or prevent future damage from natural hazard events, 2)Increase public safety, and 3)Increase public education about natural hazard events in their community. Planning team members from the Planning Commission and other jurisdictions, as well as stakeholders, were able to provide feedback, instructions, guidance, ideas, and input in the planning process at this initial public meeting. Planning Team members and stakeholders were recorded and received the plan update surveys. Updated Plan Surveys At the June 2013 meeting, the Emergency Management Director presented the Regional Planning Committee with an updated hazard vulnerability survey to be completed by Regional Planning Committee members for their own specific jurisdictions. This survey was also distributed to village board members, city council members, department directors for Hall County and all jurisdictions, including local emergency management directors. The information provided by these surveys were collected by respondents through the Fall for subsequent planning meetings with the Regional Planning Commission. Jurisdictions who responded to the survey included Alda, Doniphan, Grand Island, Hall County, Wood River and Cairo (See Appendix B.) Sign-in sheets and other public participation documentation is provided in this report as Appendix B. Survey Report A second public meeting of the Hall County Regional Planning Commission was held in January 8, 2014 as data from the distributed surveys were collected and assembled by the Hall County Emergency Management Department. These surveys provided updated information regarding perceived threats and vulnerabilities within Hall County and its participating jurisdictions. This survey also asked respondents to provide updates to current mitigation projects, ideas for new projects, and lists of their critical infrastructure. This information was presented to the Planning Commission members and other mitigation planning team members at this meeting for review, comment and correction prior to entry into the updated Plan. The Regional Planning Commission directed the Emergency Management Director and Regional Planning Director to proceed with the information provided. Following the second public meeting, the Emergency Management Director and Regional Planning Director proceeded to update other information in the plan not already covered in the survey, including historical events and their impacts, changes in development in the communities, updated GIS and HAZUS information, property valuations, etc. This involved significant communications with resources such as the NWS Hastings office, County Assessor, City GIS, and others who maintain information necessary for update. Other mitigation planning efforts are coordinated through the following: 1.Hall County and Grand Island departments through City and County staff meetings as needed, 2.Grand Island Public Schools through the regular GIPS Crisis Team meetings. 6 Grand Island Regular Meeting - 5/4/2016 Page 39 / 228 3.Establishment of a Platte River Flood and Ice Jam Mitigation Planning group through efforts of the Central Platte NRD, NWS Hastings, local land owners and the Hall County Emergency Management in 2014. The purpose is general flood awareness and education, to coordinate the identification of potential projects, report concerns, and open lines of communications with local land owners. 4.Reports of local hazard mitigation planning efforts to the 15-County members of the South Central Planning Exercise and Training Region (SCPETR). These updates were incorporated into the draft plan and an initial draft was submitted to NEMA for review in September 2015. Following a series of discussions between NEMA and the County Emergency Management, the draft was submitted to FEMA in October 2015. Primary County Staff involved in the updated planning process: Jon Rosenlund – Hall County Emergency Management Chad Nabity – Hall County Regional Planning Commission Other staff involved in the updated planning process: Mike Moritz, Warning Coordination Meteorologist, National Weather Service, Hastings Janet Pelland, Hall County Assessor Craig Lewis, Grand Island Building Department Hazard Mitigation Plan Participants: Hall, County of John Amick, Citizen, Regional Planning Commission member Mark Haskins, Citizen, Regional Planning Commission member Patrick O’Neill, Commissioner, Citizen, Regional Planning Commission member Debra Reynolds, Citizen, Regional Planning Commission member Alda, Village of Dave Harders, Alda Village Board Ron Miles, Alda Village Board, Alda Fire Department & Emergency Manager Leslie Ruge, Citizen, Regional Planning Commission member Cairo, Village of Terry Gallagher, Cairo Emergency Management Director Doniphan, Village of Bill Hayes, Citizen, Regional Planning Commission member Jim Dills, Doniphan Village Board & Village Emergency Manager Grand Island, City of Mitchell Nickerson, Grand Island City Council Rose Rhoads, City of Grand Island John Collins, Grand Island City Engineer/Public Works Department Dennis McCarty, Citizen, Regional Planning Commission member Karen Bredthauer, Citizen, Regional Planning Commission member Scott Erickson, Citizen, Regional Planning Commission member Julie Connelly, Citizen, Regional Planning Commission member 7 Grand Island Regular Meeting - 5/4/2016 Page 40 / 228 Other Grand Island Participants Dan Petsch, Grand Island Public Schools, Facilities Rick Ressel, Grand Island Public Schools, School Safety Tom Oshlo, Citizen, Stuhr Museum, Wood River, City of Eric Nielsen, Wood River City Council Don Snodgrass, Citizen, Regional Planning Commission member Dewey Hemminger, Wood River Emergency Manager Hall County Emergency Management Agency Jon Rosenlund, Director Larry J. Smith, Deputy Director Mindy Osterman , Coordinator Routine maintenance of the plan will include adding projects as new funding sources become available, or removing projects as they are completed. Other plans/documents used in the development of this mitigation plan: The flood portion of this plan was largely completed by the US Army Corps of Engineers, Flood Insurance Study was used to supplement the information from the Corps of Engineers with additional information about specific flood history. FIS information was obtained for Grand Island and Wood River. Community Comprehensive Plans were used to identify future growth areas and objectives. State Flood Hazard Mitigation Plan Hall County Local Emergency Operations Plan III.Organization of Plan Chapter 1 – presents the purpose and goals of the plan, methodology used, organization of the plan, and a background study of Hall County. Chapter 2 – by section, known hazards in Hall County are identified. For each hazard, a background, list of historical events, hazard assessment, vulnerability assessment, and possible mitigation actions is also given. Chapter 3 – outlines the public participation process undertaken during the planning process, for prioritizing projects, and for updating the plan. Chapter 4 – addresses implementation procedures and a process for updating the plan. IV.Hall County – Background Hall County - Population 61,492 (2014) Hall County was created by an act of the Nebraska Territory Legislature on November 4, 1858. Its boundaries were redefined on February 1, 1864, and again March 1, 1871. Today, there are 8 Grand Island Regular Meeting - 5/4/2016 Page 41 / 228 five incorporated communities in Hall County – the cities of Grand Island and Wood River, and the Villages of Alda, Cairo, and Doniphan. The location of Hall County and these communities is shown on Figure 1. Historical Hall County Population Year Census Count Census Estimate 2006 54,845 2007 55,385 2008 56,390 2009 57,487 2010 58,607 2010 58,779 2011 59,481 2012 60,220 2013 60,720 Source: Hall County Regional Planning Figure 1 - Hall County Map 9 Grand Island Regular Meeting - 5/4/2016 Page 42 / 228 Grand Island – Population 51,236 (2014) In 1857, a group of settlers from Davenport, Iowa, supported by banking interests set out to find and start a settlement located within an area named by French fur traders as “La Grande Isle”, an island in the Platte River. The group of settlers arrived at their destination and began their settlement on July 4, 1857. In the spring of 1866, the Union Pacific surveyors laid out and platted a town called Grand Island on the north side of the Platte River, but decided to keep the name of Grand Island as a place name. Around this time, Grand Island had a population of 500. By July of 1868, the Union Pacific Railroad had extended west to Grand Island. This railroad and the Overland Route contributed to significant growth for Grand Island. By 1870, the census reported that Grand Island’s population had grown to 1,057 people. Grand Island was later incorporated as the County’s first city on November 28, 1872. Wood River – Population 1,361 (2013) After the Union Pacific rails were laid in 1866, a depot and boarding house called “Wood River Station” was constructed, named for the Wood River valley in which it is located. It was first laid out in 1869, but in an effort to centralize their depots, Union Pacific moved the Wood River Station two miles east where the City of Wood River is located today. Alda – Population 647 (2013) In 1858, a stage station and post office called “Pawnee” were established just south of what is now Alda. In 1871, because of confusion with the town of “Pawnee City” in southeastern Nebraska, the post office for a different name. “Alda” was chosen since it was the name of the first child born at this location. In 1873, the railroad decided to centralize their stations to accommodate homesteaders hauling their grain to market. The little settlement of Alda was obliged to re-locate to a site eight miles southwest of Grand Island. It was incorporated as a Village in 1916. Cairo – Population 801 (2013) In 1886, the Burlington & Missouri River Railroad built a line from Grand Island to Billings, Montana, to penetrate the Sandhills ranching country and the lumber regions of Montana. Water stops were placed eight to ten miles apart and were used as freight centers for the farmer’s crops and, as a result, became towns. Also in 1886, the Lincoln Land Company bought a farmstead for the platting and incorporated the community and called it Cairo because it reminded them of a desert in Egypt. In keeping with that theme, many of the town’s roads have Egyptian names such as Thebe, Alexandria, Medina, Nubia, Suez, Mecca, and Nile. One year later, Cairo boasted a booming population of 200. Doniphan – Population 843 (2013) The Union Pacific Railroad crossed Nebraska in the 1860s and opened the area to settlement. In 1879, a line which became part of the St. Joseph & Western Railroad was built. It was inevitable that a town should grow between Grand Island and Hastings. This town was named in honor of Colonel John Doniphan of Saint Joseph, Missouri, who was then attorney for the railroad on which it is located. The town was surveyed in 1879, and the Village of Doniphan was incorporated on January 9, 1884. 10 Grand Island Regular Meeting - 5/4/2016 Page 43 / 228 Chapter 2 – Risk Assessment Review and Re-assessment The table below shows the cumulative input of perceived probability, risk and impact from the initial public meeting and subsequent survey and is not necessarily a quantifiable probability statement of any single hazard for any of individual communities. Community-specific information is provided in the sections in this plan for each participating community in Appendix C. The County adoption and each community’s adoption resolution is provided in Appendix D. Hall County 2013 Dam Failure Earth- quake Drought Flood Summer Storm Land slide Winter Storm Tornado/ Wind Wildfire Crime/ Terror Hazmat Probability Unlikely Unlikely Likely Likely Likely Unlikely Likely Likely Likely Likely Likely Risk Low Low Low Med High Low High High Low Low Med Impact 1 0 2 3 4 0 4 5 2 2 3 Survey Criteria Definition Based on history, what is the likelihood this type of event will happen again?Probability Likely or Unlikely What is Risk of Damage/Injuries, Etc?Risk High, Medium, Low The severity level to which the event will impact residents of the County.Impact (5=Full, 0=None) In the initial public meeting for the development of this hazard mitigation plan, representatives from Hall County’s communities were asked to rate their community’s risk and vulnerability for a list of hazards. The tabulation of the responses is included with the public meeting documentation in Appendix B. In order from highest likelihood to lowest, meeting attendees ranked their community most vulnerable to the hazard types of: severe winter and summer storm, tornado, flood, drought, wildfire, and dam failure. Hazards receiving zero votes were earthquake and landslide. In the following sections of this plan, only the hazard types which have a significant likelihood of occurring or have a reason to potentially occur are listed. These types are: severe weather (summer and winter), tornado, flood, drought, and dam failure. Earthquake will not be considered in this plan because of the lack of recognized underlying geological features and because of no past instances of a damaging earthquake. Landslide will not be considered because there is little topographic relief in most of Hall County and because the University of Nebraska’s Center for Advanced Land Management Information Technologies (CALMIT) does not have any landslide hazard mapped in the County. The wildfire hazard will not be addressed 11 Grand Island Regular Meeting - 5/4/2016 Page 44 / 228 in this plan because the threat and associated risk is not high enough and there are no realistic or feasible mitigation action which can be taken to reduce the level of risk there is in Hall County. Also, for obvious geographical and geological reasons, the following hazard types were not considered due to there being no likelihood of occurring in Nebraska: volcanic eruptions, avalanches, hurricanes, tidal surges, and tsunamis. Any additional hazards not listed here which do occur will be added to the mitigation plan through future updates. Hall County Vulnerability Assessment – Review Assessment amounts With a financial vulnerability perspective, the Nebraska Department of Property Assessment and Taxation keeps records for counties. The entire taxable value of assets in Hall County for 2013 was $4,258,409,140. Broken out by property class, the total assessment valuation and percentage of total is: Residential real property: $ 1,907,260,700 (44.8%) Commercial real property: $ 865,176,004 (20.3%) Agricultural Land and homes/outbuildings: $ 995,023,454 (23.4%) Commercial/Industrial personal property: $ 204,994,084 ( 4.8%) Public service corporation real and personal: $ 32,715,553 ( 0.8%) Railroad real and personal property: $ 119,497,056 ( 2.8%) Industrial real property: $ 67,350,949 ( 1.6%) Agricultural personal property: $ 65,863,010 ( 1.5%) Recreational real property: $ 528,330 ( .01%) Realistically, the entire building stock within the whole County will not all be impacted by one disaster event. However, each structure in the County is at the same vulnerability to disaster types like severe weather and tornadoes. For smaller communities, the NDNR had previously completed fieldwork which determined the number of structures by main structure type (residential, commercial, public, non-profit, and out buildings). For the larger community of Grand Island, the computer vulnerability assessment program HAZUS® was used to assist with the vulnerability assessment since it would not be possible to drive every street in the community. 2.10 SEVERE WEATHER 2.11 Background Severe weather can be separated into severe winter events and severe summer events. Weather hazards for severe summer storms include the qualities of a storm which make it officially classified as severe by the National Weather Service: winds exceeding 58 mph, hail in excess of 1.00 inch diameter, or a tornado. For the purposes of this plan, severe summer weather will also include heavy rainfall, hail, frequent lightning, and non-storm-related intense heat. 12 Grand Island Regular Meeting - 5/4/2016 Page 45 / 228 Weather hazards for severe winter storms are not defined, but usually include many of the following: extreme cold, heavy snowfall (defined as 4 inches in 12 hours or 6 inches in 24 hours), ice, and strong winds which push the wind chill well below zero degrees. Severe Summer Events In the warm season months, thunderstorms and supercell thunderstorms produce lightning, and severe storms can produce hail. Lightning is one of the most consistent causes of death for natural hazards in Nebraska because it can kill people who are outside when a thunderstorm is overhead or nearby. Although hail has the potential to kill people, the primary risk is to property like windows, roofs, siding, trees, and cars. In Nebraska, hail can also cause total losses in agricultural fields across extensive areas. Strong winds down tree limbs and power lines, in addition to having the potential for causing significant property damage and community interruption. Property owners can obtain insurance to cover themselves financially, but there may be ways to prevent tree and power line damage from occurring through property urban tree management. Periods of extreme heat are common in all parts of Nebraska during the warmest months. The problem is made worse when the high temperature is accompanied by high humidity. The main risk for intense heat is to persons who may become isolated in an unventilated area. Recorded deaths in Nebraska that are associated with extreme heat are largely a result of outdoor exercise or work during this kind of weather condition. The very young and very old are at additional risk because they tend to have weaker respiratory systems. Severe Winter Storms For severe winter storms, heavy snow can bring a community to a standstill by inhibiting transportation (like whiteout conditions), knocking down utility lines, and by causing structural collapse in buildings not designed to withstand the weight of the snow. Repair and snow removal costs can be significant. Ice buildup can collapse utility lines and communication towers, as well as make transportation difficult and hazardous. Ice can also become a problem on roadways if the air temperature is high enough so that precipitation falls as freezing rain rather than snow. Extreme cold can lead to hypothermia and frostbite in people who are exposed to the weather without adequate clothing protection. Cold causes fuel to congeal in storage tanks and supply lines, stopping electric generators. Cold temperatures can also overpower a building’s heating system and cause water and sewer pipes to freeze and rupture. Extreme cold increases the likelihood for ice jams on flat rivers or streams. When combined with high winds, extreme cold becomes a very dangerous wind chill, which is hazardous to health and safety. 2.12 Severe Weather History Through its National Climate Data Center (NCDC), the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) compiles a list of recorded storm events. These records go back to 1950; however, reports were given by county only, and community-specific information was not started until 1994. 13 Grand Island Regular Meeting - 5/4/2016 Page 46 / 228 Severe Summer Weather Severe summer weather will feature a wide variety of hazards and the following are listed in detail below: Hail, High Winds, Heavy Rain, and Lightning. The Figure below shows Severe Weather Days (tornado, wind and/or hail) events and Hall County is roughly in the center of the red box showing South Central Nebraska. Historically speaking, noteworthy severe summer storms and weather events are: August 17, 1999: The area received 2-3 inches of rain in an hour and intense straight-line winds damaged five homes west of Doniphan. Property damage was set at $125,000. May 26, 2002: 80 mph winds developed and roared through Cairo. Windows were blown out of cars, and roofs were blown off a few businesses. Property damage was set at $150,000. May 13, 2003: Property damage was set at $100,000 in Grand Island after a strong thunderstorm rolled through and destroyed a sign, and caused damage to trees and sheds. June 23, 2003: With a top wind gust measured at 78 mph, a total of $725,000 in damage across five counties was sustained from strong thunderstorms. July 6/7, 2003: A storm of similar strength followed the same path as the June storms. Extremely high winds over 70 mph were reported north of Grand Island, and across several counties, the total damage estimate was $1.3 million. May 10, 2005: 70 mph winds destroyed a construction trailer at the Grand Island Airport and caused minor damage southeast of town. Total damage was estimated at $100,000. April 6, 2006: Wind gusts over 60 mph winds blew over a semi trailer on Interstate 80 south of Grand Island and caused property damage of $75,000 north and east of Doniphan. 14 Grand Island Regular Meeting - 5/4/2016 Page 47 / 228 June 16, 2006: 65 mph winds took down large tree limbs and power poles, causing approximately $10,000 in property damage. September 15, 2006: 60 mph winds blew down trees and caused property damage of about $10,000 in Wood River. May-June 2008: Flooding throughout Grand Island, Presidential Declaration (FEMA- 1770?); Damage to lift stations, Eagle Scout Lake, Jack Rabbit Run Golf Course. May 30, 2011, Wind gusts estimated near 80 MPH destroyed a show home when it rolled, siding and window damage to a number of homes and recreational vehicles, and vehicle and roof damage at a local manufacturing plant. Tree damage and downed power lines was reported across town. Near the intersection of Highways 30 and 281, a personal storage facility was destroyed and a power pole was snapped and fell on a business. West of town, pivots were overturned and a number of train cars were derailed. July 10, 2011: Wood River: Tree damage was reported across Wood River, and $5 Million in crop damage north of town. May 27, 2012: Wood River: Numerous irrigation pivots were overturned along an approximately 6 mile long path from Wood River south to near Interstate 80. In Wood River, large trees were damaged or destroyed and power poles were knocked down. Heavy rain from these thunderstorms resulted in the intersection of 140th and Holling Roads, just south of town, being covered in water. June 20, 2014: Grand Island, severe and large hail fell causing over $3 Million in property damages. Hail According to NCDC, from 2007-2015, there were 94 recorded significant hail events impacting Hall County – this averages out to slightly more than 10 events per year. See the Figure above 15 Grand Island Regular Meeting - 5/4/2016 Page 48 / 228 with South Central Nebraska highlighted in the red box. The largest recorded hail in Hall County was 5 inches in diameter and fell on April 7, 1978. Four-inch diameter hail fell in July of 1975. The average of the 94 hail events for hail diameters was approximately 1.12 inches. Based on more than 50 years of history, five-inch hail should be the largest hail to expect; however, the current national record size for a hailstone is seven inches, which fell near Aurora in neighboring Hamilton County in 2003. The National Weather Service uses a guide to equate common items with an approximate hail diameter. Often, hail is reported based on the size comparison to these items and is not directly measured with a measuring device. The relationship is as follows: Approximate Hail Size Appearance Approximate Size (in.) Pea 0.25-0.50 inch Penny 0.75 Nickel 0.88 Quarter 1.00 Half dollar 1.25 Walnut/Ping Pong ball 1.50 Golf ball 1.75 Hen egg 2.00 Tennis ball 2.50 Baseball 2.75 Tea cup 3.00 Grapefruit 4.00 Softball 4.50 Aug. 5, 1995: Grand Island – $1.5 million in property damage caused by 2-inch hail June 15, 1997: Cairo – $100,000 damage caused by ¾-inch hail Alda – $50,000 damage caused by 1-inch hail Aug. 21, 1997: Grand Island – $150,000 damage caused by 2-inch hail May 5, 2002: Doniphan – $1 million damage caused by 2¾-inch hail Grand Island – $2 million damage caused by 3-inch hail May 4, 2003: Cairo – $200,000 damage caused by 2¾-inch hail Grand Island – $250,000 damage caused by 1¾-inch hail May 10, 2005: Cairo – $100,000 damage caused by baseball sized hail Grand Island – $100,000 damage caused by 1¾-inch hail June 16, 2006: Wood River – $200,000 damage caused by 1¾-inch hail Sept. 15, 2006: Grand Island – $100,000 damage caused by 2¾-inch hail Date Type Magnitude Deaths Injuries Property Damage Crop Damage 4/24/2007 Hail 0.75 0 0 $ - $ - 4/24/2007 Hail 0.75 0 0 $ - $ - 5/14/2007 Hail 1 0 0 $ 10,000 $ 75,000 5/22/2007 Hail 0.75 0 0 $ - $ - 5/23/2008 Hail 1 0 0 $ 2,000 $ - 16 Grand Island Regular Meeting - 5/4/2016 Page 49 / 228 5/23/2008 Hail 1 0 0 $ 2,000 $ 50,000 5/29/2008 Hail 1.75 0 0 $ 2,000 $ 300,000 5/29/2008 Hail 1 0 0 $ 2,000 $ 100,000 6/3/2008 Hail 1.75 0 0 $ 75,000 $ - 6/4/2008 Hail 1 0 0 $ 5,000 $ 50,000 6/4/2008 Hail 1.75 0 0 $ 10,000 $ 250,000 6/4/2008 Hail 1.75 0 0 $ 5,000 $ 250,000 6/4/2008 Hail 0.88 0 0 $ - $ - 6/4/2008 Hail 1.75 0 0 $ 50,000 $ - 6/4/2008 Hail 1 0 0 $ 2,000 $ 50,000 6/4/2008 Hail 1.25 0 0 $ 5,000 $ 75,000 6/4/2008 Hail 0.88 0 0 $ - $ - 6/7/2008 Hail 1.75 0 0 $ 50,000 $ - 6/7/2008 Hail 1 0 0 $ 2,000 $ 100,000 6/7/2008 Hail 0.88 0 0 $ - $ - 6/7/2008 Hail 2.75 0 0 $ 50,000 $ 1,000,000 6/7/2008 Hail 1.75 0 0 $ 75,000 $ - 6/19/2008 Hail 1 0 0 $ 5,000 $ 100,000 6/19/2008 Hail 1.75 0 0 $ 75,000 $ 100,000 6/21/2008 Hail 0.75 0 0 $ 10,000 $ 100,000 6/21/2008 Hail 1.75 0 0 $ 5,000 $ 250,000 6/21/2008 Hail 1 0 0 $ 10,000 $ 100,000 7/11/2008 Hail 0.75 0 0 $ - $ - 5/13/2009 Hail 0.88 0 0 $ - $ - 6/5/2009 Hail 1 0 0 $ - $ - 6/5/2009 Hail 1.75 0 0 $ 150,000 $ 8,000,000 6/5/2009 Hail 1 0 0 $ 5,000 $ 50,000 6/17/2009 Hail 1 0 0 $ - $ 75,000 6/17/2009 Hail 0.75 0 0 $ - $ - 6/17/2009 Hail 1.75 0 0 $ 40,000 $ - 6/18/2009 Hail 0.88 0 0 $ - $ - 6/19/2009 Hail 1 0 0 $ 50,000 $ - 6/19/2009 Hail 0.88 0 0 $ - $ - 7/24/2009 Hail 1.25 0 0 $ - $ 100,000 7/24/2009 Hail 1 0 0 $ 10,000 $ - 7/24/2009 Hail 1.75 0 0 $ 100,000 $ - 7/24/2009 Hail 1.75 0 0 $ - $ 150,000 9/3/2009 Hail 1 0 0 $ - $ 50,000 6/20/2010 Hail 0.88 0 0 $ - $ - 5/12/2011 Hail 0.75 0 0 $ - $ - 5/12/2011 Hail 0.88 0 0 $ - $ - 17 Grand Island Regular Meeting - 5/4/2016 Page 50 / 228 6/20/2011 Hail 0.75 0 0 $ - $ - 6/20/2011 Hail 1.75 0 0 $ 25,000 $ 250,000 6/20/2011 Hail 1 0 0 $ - $ - 6/20/2011 Hail 0.88 0 0 $ - $ - 6/20/2011 Hail 1 0 0 $ - $ - 10/7/2011 Hail 0.75 0 0 $ - $ - 10/7/2011 Hail 0.75 0 0 $ - $ - 10/11/2011 Hail 0.75 0 0 $ - $ - 5/19/2012 Hail 1 0 0 $ - $ - 5/19/2012 Hail 0.75 0 0 $ - $ - 5/19/2012 Hail 0.88 0 0 $ - $ - 5/19/2012 Hail 1 0 0 $ - $ - 5/23/2012 Hail 1 0 0 $ 25,000 $ 500,000 5/27/2012 Hail 0.88 0 0 $ - $ - 5/27/2012 Hail 0.88 0 0 $ - $ - 4/9/2013 Hail 1.25 0 0 $ 10,000 $ - 4/9/2013 Hail 0.88 0 0 $ - $ - 5/19/2013 Hail 1 0 0 $ - $ - 5/19/2013 Hail 0.88 0 0 $ - $ - 5/19/2013 Hail 1 0 0 $ - $ - 5/19/2013 Hail 1 0 0 $ - $ - 5/19/2013 Hail 0.88 0 0 $ - $ - 5/29/2013 Hail 0.75 0 0 $ - $ - 6/23/2013 Hail 0.88 0 0 $ - $ - 4/23/2014 Hail 0.75 0 0 $ - $ - 4/27/2014 Hail 1 0 0 $ - $ - 6/3/2014 Hail 1 0 0 $ - $ - 6/11/2014 Hail 1.25 0 0 $ 3,000 $ - 6/14/2014 Hail 1.75 0 0 $ 500,000 $ - 6/14/2014 Hail 0.88 0 0 $ - $ - 6/14/2014 Hail 1.75 0 0 $ 500,000 $ - 6/14/2014 Hail 0.88 0 0 $ - $ - 6/20/2014 Hail 1 0 0 $ - $ - 6/20/2014 Hail 2 0 0 $ 50,000 $ 1,000,000 6/20/2014 Hail 2.75 0 0 $ 3,000,000 $ - 6/20/2014 Hail 1.25 0 0 $ 25,000 $ 2,000,000 6/20/2014 Hail 1.75 0 0 $ 100,000 $ 2,000,000 8/17/2014 Hail 0.88 0 0 $ - $ - 8/29/2014 Hail 1 0 0 $ - $ - 8/29/2014 Hail 1 0 0 $ 150,000 $ 2,000,000 4/1/2015 Hail 1 0 0 $ - $ - 18 Grand Island Regular Meeting - 5/4/2016 Page 51 / 228 4/18/2015 Hail 1 0 0 $ - $ - 4/18/2015 Hail 0.75 0 0 $ - $ - 5/2/2015 Hail 0.88 0 0 $ - $ - 6/4/2015 Hail 1 0 0 $ - $ - 6/4/2015 Hail 1 0 0 $ - $ - 6/4/2015 Hail 1 0 0 $ - $ - 6/4/2015 Hail 0.75 0 0 $ - $ - Total 0 0 $ 5,195,000 $ 19,125,000 From 2007 to 2015, hail has caused $24,320,000.00 damage to property in Hall County. Over this period, that averages approximately $2,720,222 in property damage every year. In this same period, there have not been any years which have not witnessed a significant hail event somewhere in the County. Therefore, it would be safe to assume that damaging hail storms occur somewhere in Hall County at least one time per year. High Winds: From 2000-2015, high winds have caused $13,027,080 in property damage – this averages $814,192 in damage per year. There have been two injuries caused by severe storms since 1950 – both were from impacts caused by high winds: one was on July 9, 1986, and the other on August 2, 1992. Since both events occurred before community-specific reporting started in 1994, it is not possible to tell where or how the injuries occurred. Although unofficial wind gusts have been estimated over 90 mph, the highest measured wind speed was 85 mph (74 knots) recorded on June 25, 1990, at an unknown location in Hall County. In neighboring counties, wind speeds have been recorded as high as 90 mph near Central City in 2004 and in June of 2003, gusts of 90 mph were recorded near Axtell and 107 mph in Dawson County. This means that winds up to 70 mph should be expected from severe thunderstorms, gusts up to 80 mph are certainly not unusual, and gusts over 100 mph are possible in the County. 19 Grand Island Regular Meeting - 5/4/2016 Page 52 / 228 It is safe to say that at least one severe wind event will occur every year, and a detailed history of these events is listed below. According to the NCDC statistics since 2000 LOCATION DATE EVENT_TYPE MPH DEATHS INJURIES PROPERTY DAMAGE CROP DAMAGE 4/7/2000 High Wind 50 0 0 0 0 WOOD RIVER 5/17/2000 Thunderstorm Wind 52 0 0 5000 0 GRAND IS 5/29/2000 Thunderstorm Wind 61 0 0 15000 0 WOOD RIVER 4/10/2001 Thunderstorm Wind 52 0 0 0 0 GRAND IS 4/22/2001 Thunderstorm Wind 52 0 0 10000 0 GRAND IS ARPT 6/18/2001 Thunderstorm Wind 51 0 0 0 0 GRAND IS ARPT 7/22/2001 Thunderstorm Wind 55 0 0 0 0 11/24/2001 High Wind 0 0 2080 0 2/9/2002 High Wind 50 0 0 0 0 4/16/2002 High Wind 0 0 0 0 CAIRO 5/26/2002 Thunderstorm Wind 65 0 0 150000 100000 GRAND IS 5/26/2002 Thunderstorm Wind 57 0 0 20000 0 WOOD RIVER 5/26/2002 Thunderstorm Wind 52 0 0 0 0 CAIRO 6/19/2002 Thunderstorm Wind 51 0 0 15000 0 GRAND IS 6/19/2002 Thunderstorm Wind 62 0 0 16000 0 CAIRO 5/13/2003 Thunderstorm Wind 52 0 0 0 0 GRAND IS 5/13/2003 Thunderstorm Wind 56 0 0 100000 0 6/23/2003 Strong Wind 62 0 0 75000 0 7/7/2003 High Wind 70 0 0 35000 0 GRAND IS 7/20/2003 Thunderstorm Wind 58 0 0 25000 0 4/18/2004 High Wind 52 0 0 50000 0 GRAND IS 5/5/2004 Thunderstorm Wind 55 0 0 50000 0 GRAND IS ARPT 5/16/2004 Thunderstorm Wind 52 0 0 5000 0 GRAND IS 5/16/2004 Thunderstorm Wind 60 0 0 30000 0 GRAND IS 7/5/2004 Thunderstorm Wind 52 0 0 0 0 GRAND IS 7/8/2004 Thunderstorm Wind 52 0 0 25000 0 GRAND IS ARPT 7/8/2004 Thunderstorm Wind 51 0 0 25000 0 GRAND IS ARPT 7/12/2004 Thunderstorm Wind 52 0 0 0 0 3/10/2005 High Wind 51 0 0 5000 0 GRAND IS 5/10/2005 Thunderstorm Wind 61 0 0 25000 0 GRAND IS ARPT 5/10/2005 Thunderstorm Wind 61 0 0 100000 0 GRAND IS 5/10/2005 Thunderstorm Wind 61 0 0 50000 0 10/3/2005 Strong Wind 39 0 0 15000 200000 20 Grand Island Regular Meeting - 5/4/2016 Page 53 / 228 DONIPHAN 3/30/2006 Thunderstorm Wind 55 0 0 0 0 DONIPHAN 4/6/2006 Thunderstorm Wind 56 0 0 75000 0 GRAND IS 4/6/2006 Thunderstorm Wind 52 0 0 20000 0 WOOD RIVER 5/23/2006 Thunderstorm Wind 52 0 0 5000 0 GRAND IS 5/23/2006 Thunderstorm Wind 52 0 0 0 0 GRAND IS 6/15/2006 Thunderstorm Wind 52 0 0 20000 15000 GRAND IS 6/15/2006 Thunderstorm Wind 52 0 0 20000 15000 ALDA 6/16/2006 Thunderstorm Wind 57 0 0 10000 60000 GRAND IS ARPT 6/24/2006 Thunderstorm Wind 52 0 0 5000 0 CAIRO 8/1/2006 Thunderstorm Wind 52 0 0 5000 50000 WOOD RIVER 9/15/2006 Thunderstorm Wind 52 0 0 10000 0 2/16/2007 High Wind 51 0 0 0 0 ROSEDALE 7/15/2007 Thunderstorm Wind 52 0 0 0 20,000 WOOD RIVER 5/29/2008 Thunderstorm Wind 70 0 0 25,000 300,000 (GRI)GRAND IS RGNL A 6/5/2008 Thunderstorm Wind 53 0 0 0 0 GRAND IS 6/20/2008 Thunderstorm Wind 52 0 0 20,000 0 (GRI)GRAND IS RGNL A 6/20/2008 Thunderstorm Wind 52 0 0 0 0 (GRI)GRAND IS RGNL A 6/26/2008 Thunderstorm Wind 55 0 0 25,000 0 GRAND IS ARPT 7/15/2008 Thunderstorm Wind 53 0 0 2,000 50,000 10/26/2008 High Wind 53 0 0 2,000 0 1/12/2009 High Wind 35 0 0 0 0 3/23/2009 High Wind 53 0 0 0 0 (GRI)GRAND IS RGNL A 6/6/2009 Thunderstorm Wind 57 0 0 50,000 0 (GRI)GRAND IS RGNL A 6/19/2009 Thunderstorm Wind 58 0 0 0 0 GRAND IS 8/4/2009 Thunderstorm Wind 52 0 0 0 0 (GRI)GRAND IS RGNL A 5/24/2010 Thunderstorm Wind 58 0 0 0 0 DONIPHAN 6/22/2010 Thunderstorm Wind 52 0 0 0 0 (GRI)GRAND IS RGNL A 7/17/2010 Thunderstorm Wind 57 0 0 0 0 GRAND IS 7/20/2010 Thunderstorm Wind 52 0 0 0 0 (GRI)GRAND IS RGNL A 7/20/2010 Thunderstorm Wind 50 0 0 0 0 9/15/2010 High Wind 52 0 0 0 0 9/15/2010 High Wind 53 0 0 0 0 12/11/2010 High Wind 54 0 0 0 0 GRAND IS 5/30/2011 Thunderstorm Wind 70 0 0 750,000 0 (GRI)GRAND IS RGNL A 5/30/2011 Thunderstorm Wind 64 0 0 0 0 (GRI)GRAND 5/30/2011 Thunderstorm Wind 51 0 0 0 0 21 Grand Island Regular Meeting - 5/4/2016 Page 54 / 228 IS RGNL A GRAND IS 6/20/2011 Thunderstorm Wind 52 0 0 50,000 0 GRAND IS 7/10/2011 Thunderstorm Wind 52 0 0 0 0 WOOD RIVER 7/10/2011 Thunderstorm Wind 52 0 0 25,000 5,000,000 OVINA 7/10/2011 Thunderstorm Wind 56 0 0 75,000 2,000,000 (GRI)GRAND IS RGNL A 7/10/2011 Thunderstorm Wind 56 0 0 0 0 GRAND IS 7/15/2011 Thunderstorm Wind 56 0 0 150,000 0 11/26/2011 High Wind 35 0 0 0 0 4/15/2012 High Wind 50 0 0 0 0 WOOD RIVER 5/27/2012 Thunderstorm Wind 61 0 0 350,000 250,000 6/23/2012 High Wind 57 0 0 0 0 10/17/2012 High Wind 53 0 0 0 0 10/18/2012 High Wind 35 0 0 0 0 ALDA 4/9/2013 Thunderstorm Wind 52 0 0 0 0 WOOD RIVER 6/11/2013 Thunderstorm Wind 50 0 0 0 0 GRAND IS 6/11/2013 Thunderstorm Wind 56 0 0 50,000 0 (GRI)GRAND IS RGNL A 8/1/2013 Thunderstorm Wind 51 0 0 0 0 GRAND IS 8/1/2013 Thunderstorm Wind 51 0 0 0 0 1/16/2014 High Wind 55 0 0 0 0 1/16/2014 High Wind 37 0 0 0 0 1/16/2014 High Wind 56 0 0 0 0 1/18/2014 High Wind 51 0 0 0 0 1/18/2014 High Wind 51 0 0 0 0 1/20/2014 High Wind 53 0 0 0 0 1/20/2014 High Wind 56 0 0 0 0 3/26/2014 High Wind 54 0 0 0 0 WOOD RIVER 4/27/2014 Thunderstorm Wind 54 0 0 0 0 CAIRO 4/27/2014 Thunderstorm Wind 52 0 0 0 0 WOOD RIVER 6/14/2014 Thunderstorm Wind 50 0 0 0 0 WOOD RIVER 6/20/2014 Thunderstorm Wind 66 0 0 35,000 0 ROSEDALE 6/20/2014 Thunderstorm Wind 52 0 0 0 0 (GRI)GRAND IS RGNL A 6/20/2014 Thunderstorm Wind 50 0 0 0 0 WOOD RIVER 8/9/2014 Thunderstorm Wind 63 0 0 0 0 WOOD RIVER 8/9/2014 Thunderstorm Wind 52 0 0 0 0 WOOD RIVER 8/17/2014 Thunderstorm Wind 62 0 0 25,000 0 DONIPHAN 8/17/2014 Thunderstorm Wind 52 0 0 0 0 ROSEDALE 8/21/2014 Thunderstorm Wind 61 0 0 100,000 0 ALDA 8/29/2014 Thunderstorm Wind 52 0 0 150,000 2,000,000 WOOD RIVER 6/10/2015 Thunderstorm Wind 52 0 0 0 0 GRAND IS 6/10/2015 Thunderstorm Wind 52 0 0 0 0 22 Grand Island Regular Meeting - 5/4/2016 Page 55 / 228 GRAND IS 7/24/2015 Thunderstorm Wind 56 0 0 50,000 0 (GRI)GRAND IS RGNL A 7/24/2015 Thunderstorm Wind 54 0 0 15,000 0 Total 53.8 0 0 2,967,080 10,060,000 Heavy Rain: According to the NCDC, there have been 11 instances of Heavy Rain in Hall County since 2000, and only one, in 2007, has caused crop damages, totaling $50,000. According to the National Weather Service in Hastings, an incident is categorized as Heavy Rain if “unusually large amount of rain which does not cause a flash flood or flood, but causes damage, e.g., roof collapse or other human/economic impact. Heavy rain situations, resulting in urban and/or small stream flooding, should be classified as a Heavy Rain event, or another suitable event that occurred at the same time.” During warm seasons, NWS staff and observers use 3 inches of rain per incident as a loose minimum standard, but that may be adjusted depending upon immediate past incidents, and other conditions. LOCATION DATE EVENT_TYPE DEATHS INJURIES PROPERTY DAMAGE CROP DAMAGE GRAND IS 4/24/2007 Heavy Rain 0 0 0 50,000 DONIPHAN 6/24/2011 Heavy Rain 0 0 0 0 GRAND IS 5/24/2013 Heavy Rain 0 0 0 0 WOOD RIVER 5/24/2013 Heavy Rain 0 0 0 0 GRAND IS 5/24/2013 Heavy Rain 0 0 0 0 GRAND IS 5/24/2013 Heavy Rain 0 0 0 0 DONIPHAN 4/23/2014 Heavy Rain 0 0 0 0 GRAND IS 6/14/2014 Heavy Rain 0 0 0 0 GRAND IS 6/14/2014 Heavy Rain 0 0 0 0 DONIPHAN 6/14/2014 Heavy Rain 0 0 0 0 DONIPHAN 6/4/2015 Heavy Rain 0 0 0 0 Total 0 0 0 50,000 Lightning: Lighting is a common aspect of severe summer weather with Severe Thunderstorms a certainty to occur each year as history shows several Severe Thunderstorm Warnings annually, lighting being, by definition, part of a Severe Thunderstorm. The figure below provides an estimate for Flash Density of Lightning in the United States. Hall County resides in South Central Nebraska and is located near the center of the red square in the Figure below. Since 1950, according to the NCDC, there were no reported lightning strike damages for Hall County. 23 Grand Island Regular Meeting - 5/4/2016 Page 56 / 228 Figure 2: http://modernsurvivalblog.com/wp-content/uploads/2010/04/lightning-density-map-united-states.jpg Severe Winter Storms (including Blizzards, Ice Storms) With its location on the prairie, Hall County has been visited frequently by severe winter storms throughout its history. One of the most spectacular and harrowing events in the history of the Great Plains was the Blizzard of January 12, 1888. Other storms had produced colder temperatures and greater amounts of snow, but it was the combination of gale winds, blinding snow, and rapidly falling temperatures that made the 1888 blizzard so dangerous. No accurate count of the total deaths from the storm is possible, but estimates for Nebraska have ranged from 40 to 100. Ice Storm 2006-2007 The worst winter natural disaster on record was an ice storm which occurred in late December, 2006. Called the “New Year’s Ice Storm,” this disaster caused an estimated $240 million in damage, largely to the State’s public power electricity infrastructure system. At the height of the storm, the Nebraska Public Power District (NPPD) and its public power utility wholesale customers lost service to more than 40,000 customers, primarily in Central Nebraska, including some in Hall County. Service was restored to all customers by January 19th. NPPD sustained damage to 18 substations and a total of 37 transmission line segments totaling 1,053 miles. A total of 1,137 of NPPD’s transmission line structures were damaged as well as 301 miles of transmission line conductor (wire). Between 200 and 300 contract workers assisted in the reconstruction effort. Total expenses for restoration and reconstruction were $123.7 million, with approximately $74 million of this amount expected to be reimbursed by post-disaster Public Assistance the Federal Emergency Management Agency. The remaining amount will be financed through long-term debt and paid over 20 to 25 years. The impacts of this ice storm were not only felt with power outages. Due to the loss of transmission capability from the Gerald Gentleman Station, which is situated west of the impacted area. NPPD and Lincoln Electric System were forced to purchase replacement power 24 Grand Island Regular Meeting - 5/4/2016 Page 57 / 228 on the open energy market. NPPD paid $34 million. NPPD is using $22 million of existing District funds in a Rate Stabilization Account to partially off-set the $34 million in increased energy costs. The remaining balance of $12 million is being recovered over a 12-month period through a Production Cost Adjustment charge. Lincoln Electric System paid $9.77 million for replacement power and was able to recoup this added expense by October 19th by placing a 5.5% surcharge on all electric bills. The Christmas 2009 Blizzard featured northeast winds of 40-60 mph and 4-8 inches of snow. The combination of snow and wind resulted in white-out conditions as roads throughout the county became impassible. Major roads closed included Interstate 80 from Grand Island east to the Missouri River. Like severe summer storms, it is a virtual certainty that Hall County will experience a severe winter storm every year. From 2000 through November 2015, the County has experienced 35 severe winter storms including ice storms (4) and blizzards (3). Of these 35 events, the nine (9) events featuring property damage are listed below. DATE EVENT_TYPE DEATHS INJURIES PROPERTY DAMAGE 3/1/2002 Winter Storm 0 0 5,000 1/25/2004 Winter Storm 0 0 50,000 2/4/2004 Winter Storm 1 4 30,000 11/28/2005 Blizzard 0 0 30,000 3/20/2006 Winter Storm 0 0 300,000 12/20/2006 Ice Storm 0 0 100,000 12/29/2006 Ice Storm 0 0 10,000,000 12/1/2007 Ice Storm 0 0 20,000 12/10/2007 Winter Storm 0 0 50,000 Total 1 4 10,585,000 Temperature extremes (Hot & Cold): Although extreme heat and extreme cold are not common, they are also not rare. What makes these events truly dangerous is when extreme heat is combined with high humidity and when extreme cold combines with high winds to produce dangerous windchills. Instances of Heat: 2009 (1), 2011 (1) 1 Instances of Cold: 1996 (1), 1997 (12), 1998 (1) Extreme cold temperatures can get down to –10 or –20 degrees. When combined with high winds, recorded extreme wind chills are most commonly –30 to –60 degrees. Extremely cold temperatures and a stiff northwest breeze combined to drop the wind chill factor to –60 degrees on January 9, 1997. A week later, bitterly cold wind chills returned aboard strong 1 http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/stormevents/ 25 Grand Island Regular Meeting - 5/4/2016 Page 58 / 228 north winds. Temperatures dropped sharply to single-digits – in turn, the wind chill dropped to between –35 to -50 degrees. On December 20, 1998, a deepening arctic air mass settled in and dropped the air temperature down to –17 degrees as wind chill readings ranged from –20 to –45 degrees. On January 3, 1999, a Cairo man died from hypothermia after being exposed to the sub- zero temperatures on a walk home after a wedding celebration. The growing season officially ended a bit early in 2000 when, on October 8 and 9, consecutive morning low temperature records were broken. In Grand Island, the thermometer dropped to 17 degrees. Previous County Severe Weather Mitigation Actions Hall County was a Project Impact community in 2000. As a function of this designation, the City distributed 4,500 NOAA weather radios for $15 each, and these were available to any resident in the County. Grand Island has also been a Tree City USA since 1987 and Doniphan since 1995. Meeting the requirements to be declared a Tree City USA community means there is a reduced damage potential resulting from falling trees and limbs from tornadoes, high wind, and ice events. Severe weather preparedness, response, and mitigation are primarily responsibilities of the Hall County Emergency Management Agency (HCEMA). HCEMA participates in Severe Weather Awareness Week each year by placing articles in the local paper and running information over the City’s local government television channel. HCEMA also participates during the test warning day by using all of our normal procedures like in an actual event. HCEMA also participates in National Preparedness Month, Severe Weather Awareness Week, Winter Awareness Week and by hosting training meetings, providing public presentations, media interviews and placing articles in the local newspaper. Each spring, HCEMA also completes grade school tours, talking to 500-600 kids about severe weather and what to do for severe weather. Grand Island and Cairo are StormReady® communities through the National Weather Service (NWS). To be a StormReady community, communities prepare an action plan which helps them respond to all types of severe weather. There are six main guidelines: Communication, NWS Information Reception, Hydrometeorological Monitoring, Local Warning Dissemination, Community Preparedness, and Administrative. The guidelines for successful participation are based on population, which are separated into four population ranges. Grand Island is in the top population range (more than 40,000) while Cairo is in the lowest population range (less than 2,500). The higher the population range, the more activities the communities need to do in order to receive a StormReady certification. For more information about the StormReady program, visit: http://www.stormready.noaa.gov/. Hall County manages 40 outdoor warning devices in each of the cities and villages. Over time, many of these sirens have suffered mechanical failures and needed replacement. Two separate Hazard Mitigation Grant Program (HMGP) awards have been received to replace six (6) older sirens as well as expand into two (2) new areas of outdoor recreation near the Mormon Island Recreation Area and the Grand Island Eagle Scout Lake. 26 Grand Island Regular Meeting - 5/4/2016 Page 59 / 228 2.13 Probability of Severe Weather Events It is certain that Hall County will continue to be impacted annually by the hazards of both severe summer storms and severe winter storms, along with the various dangerous and damaging components which accompany both. Severe weather hazards, including hail, heavy rains, heavy winds, lightning, and winter storms are assumed to happen nearly annually. Others like blizzards, ice storms and extreme temperatures (both cold and hot) are less probable, having occurred every 3-5 years or so, according to latest historical data. 2.14 Vulnerability Assessment of the Severe Weather Hazard Every structure in the entire County is at equal exposure to severe weather damage or being impacted by other severe weather events such as hail, high winds, lightning. Actual vulnerability to hail is dependent upon the nature of the structure and its construction. According to the Nebraska Department of Property Assessment and Taxation, this represents approximately $4,258,409,140 See the community-specific section for a more structural inventory and financial damage potential for each city. 2.15 Potential Severe Weather Mitigation Measures Like tornadoes, there is little one can do to mitigate severe weather events – just be prepared. GOALS: 1) Reduce or prevent future damage from natural hazard events and Increase public safety Objective 1.1 Ensure continued operation of critical facilities, utilities, and the local transportation system. (Timeline: Ongoing, Key Agency: All Hall County Agencies) - Action 1.1.1: Obtain emergency generators to be used as backup power in case of complete power outage – as seen from ice storm of December, 2006. - Action 1.1.2: Work with owners of critical facilities to ensure they are adequately protected against extreme winter conditions and have an uninterruptible power supply. - Action 1.1.3: Work with schools and other critical facilities to ensure that they receive severe weather warnings – perhaps have them purchase weather radios. - Action 1.1.4: Develop a snow route plan for the community that takes major streets and critical facilities into account. Post “Emergency Snow Route” signs along this route and educate the public to keep their vehicles off of these routes during heavy snow events, or risk being towed. Publish this route in the local telephone books or other locations which could be referenced by residents. This option would be most useful for larger populations concentrations like Grand Island. - Action 1.1.5: Require all new development, where appropriate, to bury all electric lines. - Action 1.1.6: Work with local property owners in developed areas to bury power lines in areas which experience power outages due to downed lines. Objective 1.2: Reduce tree-related damage to property and utilities (Timeline: Ongoing, Key Agency: Utilities) - Action 1.2.1: Develop an urban tree management plan. As a free service, the Nebraska 27 Grand Island Regular Meeting - 5/4/2016 Page 60 / 228 Forest Service offers advice on proper “urban forest” planning, tree selection, planting, and tree care. This service should be utilized in areas of the city which experience more tree-related problems. The Nebraska Forest Service performs a free “Tree inventory” and offers technical advice for communities. Communities can then use this information to develop or change their local tree programs. - Action 1.2.2: Bury overhead power lines and service lines in areas where tree problems exist. - Action 1.2.3: Communities can provide information about proper tree selection (especially in power line rights-of-way) and maintenance to residents. - Action 1.2.4: Communities should consider becoming a “Tree City USA”. This program is offered through the National Arbor Day Foundation, and through it communities receive direction, technical assistance, public attention, and national recognition for their urban and community forestry programs through the Nebraska Forest Service and USDA Forest Service. - Action 1.2.5: Educate homeowners about how to maintain trees on their property since it is their liability if a tree on their property damages someone else’s personal property. - Action 1.2.6: Have available information to educate homeowners about types of desired trees for planting on private property. Information should include: insect susceptibility, potential disease problems, blossom or seed characteristics, cold weather hardiness, and other items. Goal 2: Increase Public Education Objective 1.3: Increase severe weather awareness (Timeline: Ongoing, Key Agency: EMA) - Action 1.3.1: Continue to promote severe weather awareness, education, and safety tips through local media outlets. Such a campaign should include practical tips like staying indoors when lightning is around and recommended behavior during extreme temperatures. This could be combined with awareness campaigns from other disasters. - Action 1.3.2: Communities could develop a more detailed Severe Weather Preparedness Week and Winter Awareness Week outreach programs to educate children and/or the public about the nature of different disaster types, where to watch for storm warnings, what to do, where to go during a severe weather warning, and others. -Action 1.3.3 Utilize Social Media including but not limited to Facebook and Twitter to distribute outreach programs and information regarding severe weather and severe weather mitigation and preparedness. 2.20 FLOOD 2.21 Background Hall County and all Cities and Villages are participants in the National Flood Insurance Program (NFIP). The majority of Hall County is situated in the Platte River valley, which means that there is very little vertical relief (See Figure 2), even from watershed to watershed. The drainage system of Hall County is dominated by the Platte River, which flows from southwest to northeast (See Figure 2). Only in the extreme northwest corner of the county is there the relief required for upland streams. The communities of Hall County developed where they did due to the proximity to water sources and railroad. As the reliance on proximity to surface water has 28 Grand Island Regular Meeting - 5/4/2016 Page 61 / 228 declined over time, this has left many Hall County communities with significant water issues – not only flooding, but also related to a high water table. Figure 3 - Hall County Topography& Drainage Other than the Platte River, significant water courses in Hall County are: Wood River, Prairie Creek, Moores Creek, Silver Creek, and Dry Creek. Platte River is the controlling drainage for most of the County, which means that all of the water courses listed above either parallel or drain into the Platte. A small portion of Hall County south and east of Doniphan is at the upper reaches of the Big Blue River watershed. Hall County’s largest population center, Grand Island, has an extensive floodplain that is associated with the Prairie/Moores/Silver Creeks. They are often mentioned together as one flood source because they all drain areas parallel to each other and because a large enough rain will allow water to cascade from one of the creeks into the others. Due to the shallow depth of the Platte River channel, ice jams are possible during winter and early spring months. However, the primary flood risk is to flash floods from intense warm- month rainfall events and from slower moving riverine floods on the Platte River, which result from rapid snowmelt, excessive and sustained rainfall upstream, or both. Repetitive Loss Properties in Hall County A repetitive loss property is defined as any structure which has had two or more flood insurance claims filed for it in any ten-year period since 1978. The Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) has started targeting mitigation efforts for these repetitive loss properties because of the significant drain they represent to the flood insurance pool of the National Flood Insurance Program. Once all-hazards mitigation plans like this one are approved, Nebraska will be in a better situation to mitigate some of these repetitive loss properties. According to the 2013 Repetitive Loss list provided by FEMA, the following communities have this many repetitive loss properties: 29 Grand Island Regular Meeting - 5/4/2016 Page 62 / 228 Hall County: 1 (Doniphan address) Alda: 0 Cairo: 0 Doniphan: 0 Grand Island: 2 Wood River: 0 HALL COUNTY TOTAL: 3 The Hall County property with a Doniphan address is a residence found in the “Amick Acres” neighborhood of unincorporated Hall County northwest of Doniphan. Of the two Grand Island addresses, only one is a valid address and that is a residence as well. 2.22 Flood History Historic Flood Events Since floods impact communities and not areas, a more detailed and extensive list of flood records have been placed in the community-specific section in Appendix C. Official flood reports for watercourses other than the Platte River are difficult to find because there is a lack of good and consistent river gauge data for Hall County. The primary gauge in the County which is currently operating full-time is the Platte River gauge at Grand Island, which is located approximately 2.5 miles southeast of the City on the Highway 34 bridge on the Hall County/Hamilton County line. A second gauge is located at the Wood River Diversion project on US Highway 281 south of Grand Island. Other gauges on different water courses were operated as follows: Most communities in Hall County were incorporated in the late 1800s, and the first flood reports on the Platte River date to that era. Little is known about the “Great Flood of 1883” because there was so little population in Hall County at the time. However, the sketchy reports that do exist point to flood damage in Kearney and Ashland; therefore, the Platte was also flooding in Hall County. Hydrological journals of the day only reference this flood by saying there was a major inflow into the Missouri River somewhere between the established towns of Sioux City, Iowa, and Kansas City, Missouri. 30 Gage Dates of Operation Agency Wood River near Alda 1953 to 1994 USGS Wood River near Alda 1994 to 2002 NDNR Platte River S. Channel near Gr. Island 1983 to 1989 USGS Dry Creek at Cairo 1949 to 1953 USGS Silver Creek at Ovina 1991 to 1995 USGS Silver Creek near Ovina 1991 to 1999 USGS Grand Island Regular Meeting - 5/4/2016 Page 63 / 228 The most extensive flood event to impact Hall County occurred from a long period of excessive rainfall in May and June of 1967. The total damage from the Platte River flood of 1967 was $49,309,015 – of which $40.8 million was private damage ($23 million in agricultural damage, $12 million in transportation damage, and $5 million was classified as “urban” damage) and $8.5 million was public damage. The Wood River was on the rampage in Grand Island, where three people were killed, 1800 buildings were flooded, and 11,000 of the City’s 28,600 residents were directly impacted. Total damage in Grand Island was set at $6.25 million ($43.8 million in 2013 dollars). On May 11 and 12, 2005, portions of Hall County received more than seven inches of rain in a 24-hour period, causing between $12 and 15 million in damage in the County, and damaged 2769 homes and businesses. Hall County was later declared a federal disaster area (FEMA- 1590-NE-DR) by President Bush on June 23. In May and June of 2008, the Prairie and Silver Creeks flooded north and northwest of Grand Island, including the northwest corner of the City itself following several inches of rain. Heavy winds and rains caused damage to trees and run off in the City that resulted damage to public infrastructure, the failure of sanitary sewer lift stations in Grand Island and water damage was reported in over 100 homes. Hall County was later declared a federal disaster area (FEMA- 1770-NE-DR). Figure 4: Flooding and Water Reports, FEMA 1770-NE-DR 31 Grand Island Regular Meeting - 5/4/2016 Page 64 / 228 FLOOD LOCATION DATE EVENT TYPE DEATHS INJURIES DAMAGE PROPERTY DAMAGE CROPS COUNTYWIDE 5/11/2005 Flash Flood 0 0 10000000 5000000 GRAND IS 7/10/2006 Flood 0 0 20000 250000 ALDA 2/20/2007 Flood 0 0 0 0 WOOD RIVER 2/20/2007 Flood 0 0 0 0 (GRI)GRAND IS RGNL A 7/29/2007 Flash Flood 0 0 75000 100000 GRAND IS 8/22/2007 Flash Flood 0 0 50000 0 CAMERON 5/29/2008 Flash Flood 0 0 60000 750000 GRAND IS 6/4/2008 Flash Flood 0 0 50000 15000 (GRI)GRAND IS RGNL A 6/7/2008 Flash Flood 0 0 140000 30000 WOOD RIVER 6/24/2008 Flash Flood 0 0 10000 20000 ROSEDALE 7/17/2008 Flash Flood 0 0 50000 50000 WOOD RIVER 6/13/2010 Flash Flood 0 0 10000 0 DONIPHAN 12/18/2010 Flood 0 0 0 0 (GRI)GRAND IS RGNL A 5/12/2011 Flash Flood 0 0 25000 500000 (GRI)GRAND IS RGNL A 5/20/2011 Flood 0 0 25000 500000 WOOD RIVER 9/27/2013 Flood 0 0 5000 0 WOOD RIVER 10/1/2013 Flood 0 0 15000 0 WOOD RIVER 5/19/2015 Flood 0 0 25000 3000000 WOOD RIVER 6/1/2015 Flood 0 0 25000 3000000 DONIPHAN 6/4/2015 Flash Flood 0 0 1000 0 GRAND IS 6/4/2015 Flood 0 0 0 0 TOTAL 10.586M 13.215M Previous Hall County Flood Mitigation Actions Hall County is situated in the Central Platte Natural Resources District (CPNRD). Natural resources districts were created along major watershed boundaries in the 1970s with the intent to steward the area’s natural resources. In addition to the having an authority for flood control, the CPNRD also operates a rain gage reporting network called NeRAIN and undertakes information and outreach programs for the NRDs population. In combination with the CPNRD, Hall County has undertaken several major flood reduction projects. Wood River Flood Control Project After 30 years of planning, the Wood River Flood Control Project was dedicated in spring of 2004. The 300-foot wide diversion channel diverts excess water from the Wood River and Warm Slough to the east and into the Platte River. This project provides flood control protection for 1500 homes and businesses. The project was tested by a flood event one year later on May 32 Grand Island Regular Meeting - 5/4/2016 Page 65 / 228 11, 2005, when 7.21 inches of rain fell in a 24-hour period. From a hydrological standpoint, this event would have resulted in a flood similar to the devastating 1967 flood; however, the Project functioned as designed, and flood damages were minimal for the protected area. The Central Platte Natural Resources District estimated that the $17 million project paid for itself in this event, less than one year after dedication. The project was sponsored by CPNRD and was funded 42.5% by CPNRD, 35% by City of Grand Island, 11.25% Hall County, and 11.25% Merrick County. The project was constructed by the US Army Corps of Engineers, and the Natural Resources Development Fund (administered by the Nebraska Department of Natural Resources) provided the 60% of the non-federal share of the planning. Prairie/Silver/Moores Creek Flood Control Project: Project Update In May of 2000, the CPNRD and City of Grand Island contracted out to perform a detailed hydrologic analysis of northern and western Grand Island. The analysis was also to evaluate options for reducing flood damages and to present the preferred alternative. An engineering firm was selected in September of 2005 to provide engineering services for the design and oversight of the flood control project. The flood control project is designed in three phases, expecting to be completed in 2018. Construction of Phase 1 began in January of 2007. The phases are: Phase 1 – Silver Creek Low Land Stormwater Detention Cells The first phase of the project is the construction of four large floodwater detention cells along the Silver Creek channel with a total excavation near 4.5 million cubic yards of earth. The cell design includes the lowering and re-grading of Silver Creek for more then two miles. The detention cells will detain stormwater runoff in excess of the 2-year storm. A 3’ x 3’ concrete box culvert will be used as the outlet and will release the water from the cells at a rate equal to the 2-year storm. A second 3’ x 6’ gated box culvert will be used for rapid draw down of the cells. A berm is being placed around the cells, approximately 2 foot above existing ground, to provide sufficient capacity to detain runoff from the 100-year storm with a 1-foot freeboard. Phase 2 – Basin Divide and Silver/Moores Creek Diversion Channel A diversion channel that will connect Silver Creek to Moores Creek and a levee that will prevent flood water from flowing from one basin the adjacent basin. The stormwater released from the cells when combined with runoff excess, flows from the Prairie Creek and will cause flooding within the city of Grand Island. This levee will be designed to meet the requirements set forth by FEMA. A diversion channel will be constructed to divert water from Silver Creek to the Moores Creek floodway. Phase 3 – Upland Dams and Prairie/Silver Creek Channel A series of upland detention dams and an overflow channel from Prairie Creek to Silver Creek. The exact locations of the detention sites will be finalized in the final design phase of this project. Several sites are available and will be evaluated after geological investigations have been completed. The channel between Prairie and Silver Creek will serve to carry excess flows from Prairie Creek to Silver Creek. Prairie Creek Clearing: Update Although the Prairie Creek Flood Control Project had a local effect, damages could be reduced on Prairie Creek by keeping the channel clear. Projects have been completed from the mouth of 33 Grand Island Regular Meeting - 5/4/2016 Page 66 / 228 Prairie Creek in Merrick County to the Hall-Buffalo county line. Annual maintenance cost to CPNRD is $10,000. Dry Creek Clearing: Project Update After a windstorm/tornado in 1998, landowners requested CPNRD to clear a channel northeast of Cairo. The project was completed in 1998, however, area landowners petitioned the NRD to clear an additional 21,000 feet. That project was completed the winter of 2013. Maintenance is done by the NRD. Lower Warm Slough Prairie In 2002, CPNRD spent $110,000 to complete snagging and clearing from Grand Island to Central City. Moores Creek Flood Control Project: Update Project sponsors of the feasibility study for the flood control on Moores Creek include CPNRD, the City of Grand Island, Merrick County and Hall County. The three-phase project consisted of channel improvements, construction of three detention/retention and wildlife habitat enhancement cells, and construction of waterways and bridges to enable storm runoff. Annual maintenance cost is estimated at $20,000. General Project update from CPNRD, The proposed low land detention cells include 3.8 million cubic yards of earth excavated to date, with 2 million cubic yards remaining in future phases. Four dry dams have been constructed west of Grand Island on the upper tributaries of Prairie Creek. Construction of a levee will commence in fall 2015, and construction of the remaining detention cells will follow completion of the levee. Work is expected to last through 2018. 2.23 Probability of Future Flood Events Since 2000, 21 flooding events have occurred in Hall County in all but two of those calendar years (2009 & 2012). This historical record indicates that it is certain that the Hall County area will continue to be impacted annually by flash flood, riverine flood or ice jam floods, while ice jams may be less common. 2.24 Vulnerability Assessment of the Flood Hazard The US Army Corps of Engineers completed the vulnerability assessment portion of this report. Community-specific flood vulnerability information is given for each community in Appendix C. As shown in Appendix A, the Corps was able to find 1478 (398 Zone A, 69 Floodway, and 1011 Zone AE) structures in the floodplain in Hall County and was able to determine assessed valuations for many of them, which have a total of $126,100,206. The table below shows the number of structures that the Corps of Engineers found in a regulated floodplain by community. For the 408 structures in the floodplain in unincorporated areas of Hall County, 294 are in Zone A, 23 are in a floodway, and 91 are in Zone AE. 34 Grand Island Regular Meeting - 5/4/2016 Page 67 / 228 Community (2006) Floodplain Structures 2006 Value Hall County 408 $29,961,679 Alda 7 $518,285 Cairo 13 $650,447 Doniphan 0 $0 Grand Island 1045 $94,872,642 Wood River 5 $97,153 Totals 1478 $126,100,206 Hall County Flood Insurance Information Community CID NFIP Participation Number of Policies Insurance in Force Number of Claims Total Claims Alda 310242 Yes 0 $ -0-0 $ - Grand Island 310103 Yes 161 $ 28,710,400.00 46 $ 280,207.00 Hall County 310100 Yes 116 $ 8,815,700.00 9 $ 123,786.00 Cairo 310101 Yes 6 $ 781,900.00 0 $ - Doniphan 310102 Yes 2 $ 1,500,000.00 1 $ 618.50 Shelton 310019 Yes 1 $ 93,000.00 0 $ - Wood River 310104 Yes 2 $ 383,000.00 2 $ 641.00 Critical facilities and valuations in the floodplain in unincorporated Hall County are: Eight Interstate 80 interchanges (no value) Note that these numbers are slightly different from NDNR’s floodplain structure counts (see community-specific counts in Appendix C) because NDNR did not look outside of a community’s corporate limits and did not count insignificant out buildings. Flood Insurance Payments since 1978: Hall County Community Total losses Closed losses Open Losses CWOP Losses Total Payments Doniphan 1 1 0 0 618.50 Grand Island 92 46 0 46 280,207.71 Hall County 17 8 0 8 123,786.59 Wood River 2 2 0 0 641.00 Total 112 57 0 54 $ 405,253.80 2.25 Potential Flood Mitigation Measures Objective 2.1: Determine valuation information for the remaining structures in the vulnerability assessment in order to have a more complete concept of the County’s true total flood risk. 35 Grand Island Regular Meeting - 5/4/2016 Page 68 / 228 GOALS: 1) Reduce or prevent future damage from natural hazard events and Increase public safety Objective 2.2: Maintain good standing in the National Flood Insurance Program (Timeline: Ongoing, Key Agency: Regional Planning) Action 2.2.1: Continue to regulate development in floodplain areas Action 2.2.2: Continue to provide floodplain management technical assistance under the County’s authority Objective 2.3: Mitigate Hall County’s repetitive loss properties. (Timeline: 3-5 years; Key Agency: EMA) - Action 2.3.1: Make application to one of FEMA’s mitigation programs. Hall County, City of Grand Island, Central Platte NRD, other source can provide the non-federal match. -Action 2.3.2 If possible purchase of repetitive loss properties for open space, utility or other public use with minimal impacts within the flood plain. Objective 2.4: Undertake flood control projects under the NRD’s authority (Timeline: 5-10 years; Key Agency: CPNRD) -Action 2.4.1: Continue to utilize existing programs for the NRD’s various flood control programs. Proposed sites will need to go through a rigorous process to determine project feasibility and benefit before they are constructed. Objective 2.5: Mitigate losses for floodprone buildings not on FEMA’s repetitive loss list (Timeline: To begin upon completion or arrested progress on Objective 2.3 above; Key Agency: CPNRD & EMA) - Action 2.5.1: Operate as non-federal cost-share partner for FEMA-funded or other sponsored nonstructural mitigation projects such as buyout/removal and elevation. All communities and jurisdictions will be considered if there is need; however, higher priority will be given to structures in an identified floodway. Action 2.5.2: Regulate building within identified flood plains to minimize the number and type of structures constructed and the risk to those structures. GOALS: 2) Increase Public Education (Timeline; Ongoing, Key Agency: EMA) Objective 2.6: Increase awareness of citizens in Hall County about their flood risk and what can be done to reduce vulnerability to flooding - Action 2.6.1: Continue to use existing NRD education and outreach programs to educate and inform the public about natural hazard mitigation options and what the NRD is doing in this area. - Action 2.6.2: Explore options of working with the Hall County Emergency Management Agency to expand non-flood natural disaster educational opportunities. 36 Grand Island Regular Meeting - 5/4/2016 Page 69 / 228 2.30 TORNADO 2.31 Background Tornadoes and high winds have been a way of life in Nebraska since the time of pioneers in the late 1800s. With its location at the frequent convergence area for Canadian, Gulf of Mexico, and Pacific air masses, Nebraska is located in a part of the United States where tornadoes are a common occurrence. Nebraska is ranked fifth in the nation for the number of tornadoes, but 23rd in number of tornado fatalities and 24th in tornado injuries. Nebraska averages 57 tornadoes per year, with the most recorded tornadoes being 102 in 1999. All 93 counties in Nebraska have had tornadoes since 1950. The peak month for tornadoes is June, and 78% of all Nebraska tornadoes have occurred in traditional tornado season of May through July. In terms of timing, 71% of all Nebraska tornadoes have occurred between 3:00 and 9:00 pm, and 53% of all Nebraska tornadoes between 4:00 and 8:00 pm. The “Fujita Scale” was used to classify and compare both the actual tornadoes and the damage caused by tornadoes and was used from 1971 until 2007. On February 1, 2007, the Enhanced Fujita Scale, or EF Scale, was implemented as its replacement. The Scale was revised to reflect better examinations of tornado damage surveys, so as to align wind speeds more closely with associated storm damage. The rating system is as follows: EF0: Light damage (29% of all tornadoes). Wind up to 85 mph. Peels surface off some roofs; some damage to gutters or siding; branches broken off trees; shallow-rooted trees pushed over. EF1: Moderate damage (40%). Wind 86 to 110 mph. Roofs severely stripped; mobile homes overturned or badly damaged; loss of exterior doors; windows and other glass broken. EF2: Considerable damage (24%). Wind 111 to 135 mph. Roofs torn off well- constructed houses; foundations of frame homes shifted; mobile homes completely destroyed; large trees snapped or uprooted; light-object missiles generated; cars lifted off ground. EF3: Severe damage (6%). Wind 136 to 165 mph. Entire stories of well-constructed houses destroyed; severe damage to large buildings such as shopping malls; trains overturned; trees debarked; heavy cars lifted off the ground and thrown; structures with weak foundations blown away some distance. EF4: Devastating damage (2%). Wind 166 to 200 mph. Well-constructed houses and whole frame houses completely leveled; cars thrown and small missiles generated. EF-5: Incredible damage (less than 1%). Wind above 200 mph. Strong frame houses leveled off foundations and swept away; automobile-sized missiles fly through the air in excess of 100 meters; high-rise buildings have significant structural deformation; incredible phenomena will occur. Tornadoes are further classified as follows: EF0 and EF1: Weak EF2 and EF3: Strong EF4 and EF5: Violent 37 Grand Island Regular Meeting - 5/4/2016 Page 70 / 228 Although EF0 and EF1 tornadoes are classified as “weak,” the 85 mph upper-end rating of an EF0 tornado would be considered very severe if associated with a severe thunderstorm, and there is potential for extensive damage. 2.32 Tornado History The discussion of tornadoes in Hall County starts with the tornado outbreak of June 3, 1980, which devastated entire sections of Grand Island – especially the City’s northwest and north central residential areas, and the southern business district. The tornadoes killed five people, injured more than 400, caused $300 million in damage. The destruction covered more than 150 city blocks, including losses to 357 homes, 33 mobile homes, 85 apartments, and 49 businesses. This event has been turned into book and a television movie (“Night of the Twisters”), and was studied by a special team of research scientists, including Professor T. Theodore Fujita himself. This tornado outbreak captivated scientists because the storm included both cyclonic and anticyclonic tornadoes. According to the High Plains Regional Climate Center, Hall County has seen 60 tornadoes from 1953 to 2009, which places the County fifth in the State for number of twisters. However, on a density basis which factors in the area of county, Hall County has the highest density of tornadoes at 128.2 tornadoes per 1000 square miles. Second on the list is Thayer County at 97.42 . It must be noted that these figures could be dramatically changed if the 1980 tornado outbreak were considered one event rather than seven separate tornadoes. 2 http://stormhorizon.org/nebraska-county-tornadoes-ranked-density.html (1950-2008) 38 Grand Island Regular Meeting - 5/4/2016 Page 71 / 228 Figure 5- Tornado Touchdowns 1950-2012(NWS – Hastings) According to the National Climatic Data Center, there have been 76 tornadoes in Hall County since 1950. The table below shows the details for these tornadoes. (Note, these updated statistics have NOT been reviewed to strip out the recorded tornadoes (except for 1980) which are most likely duplicate records of the same storm. Also note that community-specific records did not begin until 1993. Finally, when a community is listed in the first column, it usually means that it was the closest community – not that a tornado hit that community directly.) LOCATION*DATE TIME F- SCALE DEATHS INJURIES PROPERTY DAMAGE CROP DAMAGE 5/29/1953 2130 F1 0 0 0 0 6/20/1954 2300 F1 0 0 2500 0 7/9/1955 2300 F1 0 0 2500 0 5/20/1957 1700 F2 0 0 0 0 5/4/1959 1500 F1 0 0 2500 0 5/28/1959 1615 F1 0 0 0 0 5/28/1959 1720 F0 0 0 2500 0 6/17/1960 2320 F1 0 0 0 0 8/23/1960 1500 F1 0 0 25000 0 5/13/1961 1920 F1 0 0 25000 0 6/5/1961 1753 0 0 0 0 5/23/1964 2000 F1 0 0 2500 0 6/14/1964 135 F0 0 0 0 0 39 Grand Island Regular Meeting - 5/4/2016 Page 72 / 228 5/8/1965 1730 F4 0 0 25000000 0 5/25/1965 1732 0 0 0 0 5/25/1965 1935 0 0 0 0 6/13/1967 2000 F1 0 0 0 0 5/13/1968 1710 F1 0 0 25000 0 6/23/1968 2102 F1 0 0 0 0 6/4/1971 2015 F0 0 0 25000 0 6/6/1971 1615 F0 0 0 2500 0 7/3/1973 2010 F1 0 0 2500000 0 9/2/1973 1730 F0 0 0 25000 0 10/9/1973 1730 F2 0 5 250000 0 5/16/1977 1930 0 0 25000 0 5/19/1977 1445 0 0 2500 0 5/19/1977 1515 F2 0 0 250000 0 5/19/1977 1540 0 0 0 0 5/19/1977 1630 0 0 0 0 5/19/1977 1630 0 0 25000 0 9/1/1977 2045 0 0 250000 0 6/3/1980 1945 F3 1 25 2500000 0 6/3/1980 2000 F1 0 5 25000 0 6/3/1980 2005 F3 1 40 25000000 0 6/3/1980 2010 F3 0 0 0 0 6/3/1980 2046 F1 0 0 25000 0 6/3/1980 2050 F1 0 0 0 0 6/3/1980 2116 F4 3 110 250000000 0 6/3/1980 2120 F4 0 0 0 0 6/3/1980 2123 F4 0 0 0 0 6/3/1980 2125 F2 0 18 2500000 0 6/3/1980 2128 F2 0 0 0 0 6/3/1980 2132 F2 0 0 0 0 6/3/1980 2200 F1 0 2 2500000 0 8/10/1980 2135 F1 0 0 250000 0 10/16/1980 130 F1 0 0 2500000 0 5/10/1982 1603 F1 0 0 2500 0 6/24/1982 1605 F1 0 0 2500 0 6/4/1984 1911 F0 0 0 0 0 6/11/1984 2020 F3 0 0 2500000 0 8/5/1985 1950 F0 0 0 0 0 9/4/1985 2154 F1 0 0 25000 0 4/13/1986 1635 F0 0 0 30 0 4/13/1986 1635 F1 0 0 25000 0 40 Grand Island Regular Meeting - 5/4/2016 Page 73 / 228 7/11/1986 2110 F1 0 0 250000 0 7/24/1986 1500 F1 0 0 2500 0 8/17/1987 1910 F1 0 0 2500000 0 3/13/1990 1720 F3 0 0 2500000 0 3/13/1990 1728 F2 0 0 250000 0 3/13/1990 1744 F3 0 0 2500000 0 7/25/1990 1625 F0 0 0 0 0 5/29/1991 2142 F0 0 0 0 0 6/15/1992 1820 F1 0 0 25000 0 Upland 5/7/1993 1752 F2 0 0 5000000 0 Prosser 5/7/1993 1825 F2 0 0 5000000 0 Grand Island 8/5/1995 1422 F0 0 0 2000 50000 GRAND IS 8/4/1996 1900 F0 0 0 0 30000 CAIRO 6/11/1997 1925 F1 0 0 750000 100000 DONIPHAN 6/11/1997 1950 F0 0 0 0 50000 WOOD RIVER 5/2/1999 1726 F0 0 0 0 0 WOOD RIVER 5/2/1999 1817 F1 0 0 100000 0 WOOD RIVER 5/7/2005 1730 F0 0 0 0 0 WOOD RIVER 5/11/2005 2105 F0 0 0 125000 0 WOOD RIVER 5/29/2008 1702 EF0 0 0 25000 250000 GRAND IS 6/17/2009 1938 EF0 0 0 5000 0 ALDA 5/6/2015 1645 EF0 0 0 0 0 Total 5 205 335,332,030 480,000 Tornado Track Direction Trends The Tornado Tracks figure is taken from a program called Severe Plot, which is provided by the National Weather Service. It shows the tracks of tornadoes across Hall County. The predominant track is from southwest to northeast, which happens because of the way that fronts and the summer monsoonal flow interact across Nebraska during tornado season. Previous Hall County Tornado Mitigation Actions In Grand Island, West Park Plaza Trailer Park on West Highway 30 has a tornado shelter. Additionally, many businesses will welcome people during a tornado if they are open for business at the time; however these buildings may not be structures built to FEMA-recognized standards for a tornado shelter. 41 Figure 6 - Tornado Tracks 1950-2012 Grand Island Regular Meeting - 5/4/2016 Page 74 / 228 Tornado preparedness, response, and mitigation are primarily responsibilities of the Hall County Emergency Management Agency (HCEMA). HCEMA owns and maintains the sirens for all of Hall County, and is working with the city/county joint board on a system of funding annual improvements or expansion to the warning system. Several older sirens remain and are on a list to be replaced at a rate of 1-2 per year, depending upon local funding and grant availability. HCEMA plans to complete the full replacement of older sirens in 5-10 years. The following are activities that HCEMA undertakes for regular education and outreach: Participates in the annual Severe Weather Awareness Week by hosting local spotter training, presentations to the public and local radio/TV media, placing articles in the local paper and airing information on the City’s local government television station Conducts test warning days by using all of their normal procedures as if there were an actual event, including setting off the warning sirens Completes annual education programs to grade schools each year, reaching approximately 500 to 600 kids. At these programs, they discuss severe weather, and where to go and what to do if there is a tornado warning. To maintain their StormReady® certification, Grand Island and Cairo are required to continue their activities related to communication, warning dissemination, and monitoring. 2.33 Probability of Tornado Events Although they do not necessarily occur every year, history shows that tornadoes in Hall County are common and should be expected with generally 1-2 tornado reports on an early annual basis, according to statistics listed above. For instance, while 1980 featured 7 tornadoes for Grand Island, the overall average for Hall County is about one tornado instance per year. 42 Grand Island Regular Meeting - 5/4/2016 Page 75 / 228 2.34 Vulnerability Assessment of the Tornado Hazard Every structure in Hall County is at risk to tornadoes. According to the Nebraska Department of Property Assessment and Taxation, this represents a value of $4,258,409,140 Appendix C includes the structural inventories and vulnerability information for the communities in Hall County. 2.35 Potential Tornado Mitigation Measures Unlike floods, tornadoes and high winds do not occur in a defined area – the entire community is vulnerable. Therefore, instead of mitigation, the primary focus should be on warning, preparedness, and response. But there are projects that the city and homeowners can undertake to reduce the damage from these events. Goal 1: Reduce or prevent future damage from natural hazard events (Timeline: Ongoing) Goal 2: Increase Public Safety from Tornadoes (Timeline: See Objectives) The locations of tornado sirens in the communities participating in this plan are shown below. On these maps, a series of buffer zones (1/2 mile, 1 mile, 1.5 miles) is provided to show different distances from these sirens. A half-mile area is a very conservative estimate for adequate audible distance. However, tornado sirens are meant for outdoor warning only and are not designed to wake up people while they are sleeping or to alert motorists or people who are in noisy environments. In addition, the weather that is necessary for these sirens to function may have loud wind and thunder noise which may affect how the sirens are heard. The decibel level of the existing sirens should be identified and a maximum range of the sirens should be determined to see if there is adequate coverage of the entire city. New sirens should be added as new development takes place which is outside or on the edge of the existing tornado siren coverage. The same is true for tornado shelters. There is usually a concentration of potential public buildings which could be used as shelters in the downtown area of a community. However, for homes without basements, mobile homes, and businesses, there is usually no recognized shelter. Major employers may have designated tornado safe rooms for their workers, but all businesses and high-density residential concentrations would benefit from designating and publicizing a shelter or other existing structure which meets tornado safe room specifications. An engineering consultant may be required to complete this sort of assessment. 43 Grand Island Regular Meeting - 5/4/2016 Page 76 / 228 Figure 7 - Hall County Outdoor Sirens Objective 3.1: Increase public safety (Timeline: Ongoing; Key Agency: EMA) - Action 3.1.1: Pursue a federal grant to retrofit public school buildings or other public facilities with a tornado shelter or with higher-designed windows and doors. These designs could also be incorporated into new public buildings. FEMA publication #361 should be used for constructing public shelters. Objective 3.2: Increase safety of the general public in the business district and in parts of communities with few shelter options (Timeline: Ongoing, Key Agency: EMA) - Action 3.2.1: Identify and designate tornado shelters, publicize the locations of all public tornado shelters to increase public awareness – perhaps with a sign on the building. - Action 3.2.2: Construct tornado shelters for mobile home concentrations or in other locations with vulnerable construction such as slab-on-grade. - Action 3.2.3: In areas especially prone to damaging high winds, “hurricane straps” and better-designed windows and doors can be used to attach the roof rafters to the ceiling supports of the highest floor. This would need to be done as a building retrofit and would not be expensive. New construction can use this building technique very cheaply. 44 Grand Island Regular Meeting - 5/4/2016 Page 77 / 228 - Action 3.2.4: Offer information to home owners about tornado safe rooms to be constructed as a part of their homes. Objective 3.3: Ensure adequate outdoor warning siren coverage (Timeline: 5-10 years; Key Agency: EMA) - Action 3.3.1: Perform assessment of the tornado siren coverage for communities, add sirens if found to be deficient. Replace older sirens as they fail. - Action 3.3.2: Codify regulations that require additional tornado sirens as development occurs outside of current coverage areas. Objective 3.4: Oversee adequate indoor warning coverage (Timeline: Ongoing: Key Agency: EMA) - Action 3.4.1: Purchase NOAA weather radios for critical facilities (i.e., public schools) -Action 3.4.2: Purchase or encourage non-public critical facilities (i.e., nursing homes) to purchase weather radios. - Action 3.4.3: Educate a community’s businesses about purchasing additional warning systems, especially in manufacturing facilities where it may not be possible to hear the outdoor sirens. Goal 3: Increase Public Education (Timeline: Ongoing, Key Agency: EMA) There is a natural decline in risk perception in communities which have not seen a tornado or high wind event in recent history. In addition, persons relocating to Hall County may not be aware of the danger that severe weather and tornadoes presents, and they may not know what to do in case of a warning. The same three-related objectives in the severe weather section apply for tornadoes. Objective 3.5: Help residents know what to do in case of a tornado warning - Action 3.5.1: Residents should be made aware that tornadoes are possible in their community. They should know where to go in the event of a tornado (i.e., to a shelter or internal room/basement in their houses). - Action 3.5.2: Educate homeowners about how to maintain trees on their property since it is their liability if a tree on their property damages someone else’s personal property. - Action 3.5.3: Have available information to educate homeowners about types of desired trees for planting on private property. Information should include: insect susceptibility, potential disease problems, blossom or seed characteristics, cold weather hardiness, and other items. 2.40 DROUGHT 2.41 Background Figure 7 below is the isohyet map of the State of Nebraska which shows the average rainfall across the State. In an average year, Hall County will receive approximately 24-25 inches of precipitation per year. In average years, this represents enough rainfall to prevent drought; however, it is during successive years of below-average rainfall that droughts do have an impact. 45 Grand Island Regular Meeting - 5/4/2016 Page 78 / 228 Figure 8 - Nebraska Isohyet Map (Avg. Annual Rainfall in Inches, NWS Hastings) Confounding the discussion of drought is the fact that there are different definitions of drought: meteorological drought, agricultural drought, and hydrological drought. Meteorological drought is defined usually on the basis of the degree of dryness (in comparison to some “normal” or average amount) and the duration of the dry period. A meteorological drought must be considered as region-specific since the atmospheric conditions that result in deficiencies of precipitation are highly variable from region to region. For example, some definitions of meteorological drought identify periods of drought on the basis of the number of days with precipitation less than some specified threshold. Hydrological drought is associated with the effects of periods of precipitation (including snowfall) shortfalls on surface or subsurface water supply (i.e., streamflow, reservoir and lake levels, ground water). The frequency and severity of hydrological drought is often defined on a watershed or river basin scale. Although all droughts originate with a deficiency of precipitation, hydrologists are more concerned with how this deficiency plays out through the hydrologic system. Hydrological droughts are usually out of phase with or lag the occurrence of meteorological and agricultural droughts. It takes longer for precipitation deficiencies to show up in components of the hydrological system such as soil moisture, streamflow, and ground water and reservoir levels. As a result, these impacts are out of phase with impacts in other economic sectors. Agricultural drought links various characteristics of meteorological (or hydrological) drought to agricultural impacts, focusing on precipitation shortages, differences between actual and potential evapotranspiration, soil water deficits, reduced ground water or reservoir levels, and so forth. Plant water demand depends on prevailing weather conditions, biological characteristics of the specific plant, its stage of growth, and the physical and biological properties of the soil. Deficient topsoil moisture at planting may hinder germination, leading to low plant populations per hectare and a reduction of final yield. However, if topsoil moisture is sufficient for early growth requirements, deficiencies in subsoil moisture at this early stage may not affect final yield if subsoil moisture is replenished as the growing season progresses or if rainfall meets plant water needs. 46 Grand Island Regular Meeting - 5/4/2016 Page 79 / 228 The three different definitions all represent significant things in Nebraska. A meteorological drought is the easiest to determine based on rainfall data and is an easier drought to monitor from rain gauges and reports. An agricultural drought represents difficulty for Nebraska’s agricultural-based economy and is also relatively easy to monitor based on crop viabilities for different regions. A hydrological drought means that stream and river levels are low, which also has an impact for surface water and ground water irrigators. In addition, in-stream discharges that fall below a pre-required level also place the State in a regulatory difficulty with US Fish and Wildlife and with neighboring states over cross-border flowage rights. Hydrologic drought is somewhat more difficult to monitor since it requires some field verification of stream levels. Nebraska is fortunate to have the National Drought Mitigation Center on the campus of the University of Nebraska in Lincoln. The NDMC provides drought monitoring and technical assistance to all areas of the world. NDMC’s website is found at: http://www.drought.unl.edu/. Specific drought impacts by county are recorded at in real time: http://droughtreporter.unl.edu/. The impacts of drought can be categorized as economic, environmental, or social. Many economic impacts occur in agriculture and related sectors, including forestry and fisheries, because of the reliance of these sectors on surface and subsurface water supplies. In addition to obvious losses in yields in both crop and livestock production, drought is associated with increases in insect infestations, plant disease, and wind erosion. Droughts also bring increased problems with insects and diseases to forests and reduce growth. The incidence of forest and range fires increases substantially during extended droughts, which in turn places both human and wildlife populations at higher levels of risk. Income loss is another indicator used in assessing the impacts of drought because so many sectors are affected. Although environmental losses are difficult to quantify, growing public awareness and concern for environmental quality has forced public officials to focus greater attention and resources on these effects. Environmental losses are the result of damages to plant and animal species, wildlife habitat, and air and water quality; forest and range fires; degradation of landscape quality; loss of biodiversity; and soil erosion. Some of the effects are short-term and conditions quickly return to normal following the end of the drought. Other environmental effects linger for some time or may even become permanent. Wildlife habitat, for example, may be degraded through the loss of wetlands, lakes, and vegetation. However, many species will eventually recover from this temporary aberration. The degradation of landscape quality, including increased soil erosion, may lead to a more permanent loss of biological productivity of the landscape. Social impacts mainly involve public safety, health, conflicts between water users, reduced quality of life, and inequities in the distribution of impacts and disaster relief. Many of the impacts specified as economic and environmental have social components as well. 2.42 Drought History In addition to differing definitions, there is also some debate about whether or not an area has experienced or is currently experiencing a drought. Certainly, Hall County has experienced 47 Grand Island Regular Meeting - 5/4/2016 Page 80 / 228 times when certain water usages had to be voluntarily curtailed in order to maintain an adequate water reserve. However, although these periods may have witnessed below-average rainfall, the impacts were not felt much further than an inconvenience to homeowners. A significant portion of Hall County – especially in the Grand Island area – has a high water table, which reduces the impact of a drought. In certain areas, there can be standing water even if there has been no rain for weeks. In Hall County, there have been no instances of drought which have caused drastic impacts to the extent that land use regulations or emergency actions have had to be used. Going back to 1993, the National Climatic Data Center shows two droughts: in 2000, 2002 and 2012. Drought reporting is completed by regions instead of counties, so it is not possible to break out a damage estimate for Hall County. For the drought of 2000, Governor Nelson estimated that the total agricultural effect on the Nebraska economy was around $1 billion with direct agricultural losses estimated at $240 million. Two regions of the State were particularly hard hit: near the Kansas border by Superior and from the area north of Grand Island to north of York. In 2002, The prolonged drought across central and south-central Nebraska was occasionally classified into the “Extreme” to “Exceptional” category in the summer and fall. Most dry land crops were near a total loss and there was some decreased yield with irrigated crops. Total direct agricultural losses were estimated at $480 million. Figure 9 - Grand Island Climatology Graph (2012) Previous Hall County Drought Mitigation Actions As a result, extensive drought monitoring networks have been established. The purpose of monitoring is to see that a drought is indeed happening so that planners are then able to take appropriate actions to stem the impacts before they reach crisis level. The Central Platte NRD participates in programs which help with drought monitoring. The NDNR administers the Nebraska Rainfall Assessment and Information Network (NeRAIN) by supplying individual cooperators with rain gauges. These volunteers read the amount of rainfall daily and enter their observations into an internet-based reporting system. This network allows personnel at all levels of government – primarily local and State – to evaluate emergency operations needs while and to capture hydrologic data for future use. The data will also provide 48 Grand Island Regular Meeting - 5/4/2016 Page 81 / 228 important daily decision-making information for agriculture, industry, home water use, utility providers, insurance companies, resource managers, and educators. 2.43 Probably of Drought Events It is probable that a drought will impact Hall County in the future, averaging one incident every 8-10 years. According to the NCDC, three drought instances have been recorded in the past 25 years, as defined above in Drought History. 2.44 Vulnerability Assessment of the Drought Hazard Due to the nature of a drought and the uncertainty about when it begins and ends, a vulnerability assessment is equally difficult to ascertain. One of the biggest drought impacts that could happen would be to a community’s water system intake being rendered useless by declining water levels in a hydrological drought. The entire population in Hall County is theoretically at risk for a drought. However, there is an unequal spread of risk between rural and urban areas. Most urban areas have a water system in place which allows for adequate distribution of water, even in times when drought conditions prevail. Rural areas are more dependent on single-site water wells. In addition, since water is the economic lifeblood of agriculture in these areas, there is a much greater economic vulnerability to these areas. Since relevant drought impacts are more community-specific than area-based, any drought issues are saved for the community-specific reports found in Appendix C. There is also a general lack of funding for drought mitigation projects. Most projects that are completed are based on crisis need, so federal grants with application periods are not frequently used. Cost would vary greatly depending on scope and type of project. 2.45 Potential Drought Mitigation Measures The main drought mitigation measures can be grouped into five main categories: legislation/public policy, water supply augmentation, demand reduction/water conservation programs, emergency response programs, and drought contingency plans. Goal 1: Reduce or prevent future damage from natural hazard events (Timeline: Ongoing) Goal 2: Increase Public Safety from Drought (Timeline: Ongoing: Key Agency: Utilities, CPNRD) Objective 4.1: Reduce drought impacts through legislation/public policy - Action 4.1.1: Prepare position papers for legislature on public policy issues - Action 4.1.2: Examine statutes governing water rights for possible modification during water shortages - Action 4.1.3: Pass legislation to protect in-stream flows - Action 4.1.4: Pass legislation providing guaranteed low-interest loans to farmers - Action 4.1.5: Impose limits on urban development - Action 4.1.6: Provide incentives to grow drought tolerant crops - Action 4.1.7: Change crop insurance and incentive payment policies to support more drought tolerant crops Objective 4.2: Reduce drought impacts through water supply augmentation - Action 4.2.1: Issue emergency permits for water use 49 Grand Island Regular Meeting - 5/4/2016 Page 82 / 228 - Action 4.2.2: Provide pumps and pipes for distribution - Action 4.2.3: Propose and implemented program to rehabilitate reservoirs to operate at design capacity - Action 4.2.4: Undertake water supply vulnerability assessments - Action 4.2.5: Inventory self-supplied industrial water users for possible use of their supplies for emergency public water supplies - Action 4.2.6: Inventory and reviewed reservoir operation plans Objective 4.3: Reduce drought impacts through demand reduction/water conservation programs - Action 4.3.1: Establish stronger economic incentives for private investment in water conservation - Action 4.3.2: Encourage voluntary water conservation - Action 4.3.3: Improve water use and conveyance efficiencies - Action 4.3.4: Implement water metering and leak detection programs Objective 4.4: Reduce drought impacts through emergency response programs - Action 4.4.1: Establish alert procedures for water quality problems - Action 4.4.2: Stockpile pumps, pipes, water filters, and other equipment - Action 4.4.3: Establish water hauling programs for livestock - Action 4.4.4: List livestock watering locations - Action 4.4.5: Establish hay hotline - Action 4.4.6: Fund water system improvements, new systems, and new wells - Action 4.4.7: Fund drought recovery programs - Action 4.4.8: Lower well intakes on reservoirs for rural water supplies - Action 4.4.9: Extend boat ramps and docks in recreational areas - Action 4.4.10: Issue emergency irrigation permits for using state waters for irrigation - Action 4.4.11: Create low-interest loan and aid programs for agricultural sector - Action 4.4.12: Create drought property tax credit program for farmers - Action 4.4.13: Establish a tuition assistance program for farmers to enroll in farm management classes Objective 4.5: Reduce drought impacts through drought contingency plans - Action 4.5.1: Establish statewide contingency plan - Action 4.5.2: Recommend that water suppliers develop drought plans - Action 4.5.3: Evaluate worst-case drought scenarios for possible further actions - Action 4.5.4: Establish natural hazard mitigation council Goal 3: Increase Public Education (Key Agency: EMA, CPNRD) There are no explicit objectives or actions for this goal; however, there is an implicit action related to this goal for above actions which will require public participation – for example, the voluntary water conservation. 2.50 DAM FAILURE 50 Grand Island Regular Meeting - 5/4/2016 Page 83 / 228 2.51 Background Many of Nebraska’s communities were founded due to their proximity to water resources. Often, these streams or rivers later needed a dam for flood control or a reservoir for a constant water release. The Nebraska Department of Natural Resources performs annual inspections on all high-hazard dams in the State. A high-hazard dam is one where a large discharge and/or breach of the dam could potentially lead to downstream loss of life. High-hazard dams are designed to the Probable Maximum Precipitation event, which is typically three or four times the rainfall expected from a 500-year event. In Hall County, the flat topography in combination with the high water table make dams for flood control largely infeasible. There are only two dams in Hall County, and both are classified as low-hazard dams. The information of both of the dams in the County are given below. Closest YearCountyDam Name Stream Classification Community Completed Hall Benton & Still Dam Dry Creek Low Abbott – 10 miles 1952 Hall Prairie Creek #4 Prairie Creek Low Abbott – 15 miles 1977 Abbott, Nebraska, is an unincorporated area a half-mile north of Highway 2 between Cairo and Grand Island. The only way that Hall County will be impacted by a dam failure would be from a failure of Kingsley Dam, which holds back Lake McConaughy in Keith County. The dam is on the North Platte River, which meets the South Platte River immediately east of the City of North Platte. According to the Emergency Action Plan for Kingsley Dam, the only Hall County community which would be impacted by a failure of Kingsley Dam would be the southern portion of Grand Island. Flow released from a Kingsley Dam failure would travel the approximately 190 river miles to the Highway 34 & 281 bridge in slightly more than 48 hours. 2.52 Dam Failure History In the development of this mitigation plan, no record could be found of a dam failure in Hall County in the last 40 years. Previous Hall County Dam Failure Mitigation Actions There are two low-hazard dams in Hall County and both dams are regularly inspected and kept properly maintained as ongoing hazard mitigation efforts. The Emergency Management Department also participates regularly with the CNPPID in their annual Kingsley Dam planning and education sessions. All updates for the Kingsley Dam failure are updated immediately when received from CNPPID. 2.53 Probability of Dam Failures The likelihood of a Kingsley Dam failure is exceedingly small. Both of the dams in Hall County are regularly inspected. In addition, since both dams are classified as low-hazard, even if an intense rain event were to breach them, there would be little to no damage downstream. 2.54 Vulnerability Assessment of the Dam Failure Hazard 51 Grand Island Regular Meeting - 5/4/2016 Page 84 / 228 Dam breach-routing inundation paper maps have been completed for the Emergency Action Plan required for Kingsley Dam. The maps are kept on-file at the Dam Safety Division of the Nebraska Department of Natural Resources. For security reasons, these maps are not made readily available to the public; however, a general description of the impacts of a dam failure can be provided here. According to the Emergency Action Plan, the maximum depth of flooding would be 8.1 feet at the Highway 34 & 281 bridge. The maximum depth is for the area closest to the Platte River. Everything south of a general line from Highway 30 & Plum Street on the east to Highway 281 & Webb Road on the west side of town would be inundated to a certain extent. Properties closer to the Platte River would be inundated to a deeper level. 2.55 Potential Dam Failure Mitigation Measures Given the lack of risk and the routine inspections and maintenance requirements for existing dams, it is believed that all mitigation measures are being performed that can be performed. The Emergency Management Department will continue its regular collaboration and planning efforts with the CNPPID regarding the Kingsley Dam. 2.60 LEVEE FAILURE 2.61 Background Following the levee-related devastation in New Orleans caused by Hurricane Katrina, the nation has increased the scrutiny of levees, and especially on development behind them. With routine maintenance, most levees will not offer a problem. However, even if a levee is perfectly maintained, the development behind a levee is subject to flooding – and in some cases high velocity flows – if a levee is breached or overtopped by a flood exceeding the levee’s design. In Hall County there is only one levee, and that is associated with the Wood River Diversion project completed by the Corps of Engineers in 2005. As designed, the Diversion is essentially a two-sided levee which alters the flow of a 100-year flood to take it around south Grand Island. A Letter of Map Revision (LOMR) was completed for this project on October 19, 2004, and extensive areas of ponding flooding mapped floodplain were removed across flood map panels 0010, 0015, and 0020 (they are too extensive to put in this report). An additional LOMR was published on September 28, 2007, for the western part of the Diversion project between Highway 281 and the actual diversion point. 2.62 Levee Failure History Since its completion in 2005, the Wood River Diversion has not failed or been overtopped. On the contrary – in a major flood event in May of 2005, the Diversion performed as designed, saving southern Grand Island from a repeat of the 1967 flood. The Corps of Engineers estimated that the completed project essentially paid for itself from this event. 2.63 Probability of Levee Failures 52 Grand Island Regular Meeting - 5/4/2016 Page 85 / 228 It is extremely unlikely that the Wood River Diversion will fail. The more likely scenario would be an overtopping from a major rainfall event in excess of the project design. The Corps of Engineers, Central Platte NRD, and the City of Grand Island will ensure that the Diversion project is maintained. 2.64 Vulnerability Assessment of the Levee Failure Hazard According to the structural inventory completed by the Corps of Engineers, 209 structures are protected by the Wood River Diversion project. This represents 0.9% of the total structures in Grand Island. The Corps of Engineers has determined the valuation of structures protected by the Diversion as $40,860,840, or 1.6% of the City’s valuation. 2.65 Potential Levee Failure Mitigation Measures Given the lack of risk and the routine inspections and maintenance requirements for existing dams, it is believed that all mitigation measures are being performed that can be performed. 2.70 FUTURE DEVELOPMENT AND HAZARD VULNERABILITY Future development is a matter better reserved for the specific communities, as given in Appendix C. 53 Grand Island Regular Meeting - 5/4/2016 Page 86 / 228 Chapter 3 – Public Participation on Plan Revision The Hall County Emergency Management is lead agency in the planning issues. All of the meetings were open to the public and properly noticed according to the Open Meetings Act of the State of Nebraska (NEB. REV. STAT. §§ 84-1407 TO 84-1414). Present at the initial public meeting on June 5, 2013, were representatives from the Hall County Emergency Management Agency, Regional Planning Commission representing each partnering jurisdiction, community elected and appointed officials, school districts and citizens. See the sign-in sheet and newspaper article in Appendix B for documentation. A second public meeting took place in January 2014 through the Regional Planning Commission, where updated information was presented to the Regional Planning Committee from the surveys collected by the Emergency Management Department. Information in these surveys would provide updates to the current plan, including updates to perceived hazards and vulnerabilities, updates on current projects in the original plan, suggestions for new projects, and updates on local critical infrastructure. Local governments were notified by letter of the projects identified by their community representatives in the initial public meeting. A letter was also sent to the Hall County Emergency Management Agency for additional review. In the letter, communities and reviewers were asked if the projects listed were still an adequate representation of their hazard mitigation goals. In addition, local governments were also requested to prioritize their projects. The adoption by each participating community took place after the respective city councils or village boards had worked through the public hearing process. To fulfill the adjacent jurisdictions review requirement, the initial draft of the Hall County plan was sent to the Central Platte Natural Resources District for comments. Hall County is surrounded by counties in the same NRD. Regular updates were made to local emergency management agencies through regional monthly meetings. The Emergency Management Department for the City of Grand Island and Hall County (GI-Hall EMA), revised this plan following its development by the NDNR in 2007. The plan was originally adopted by the various Hall County jurisdictions through 2008. Prior to submitting the final draft of the updated plan for comments, GI-Hall EMA submitted the draft to FEMA for a “Conditional Approval Pending Adoption” determination. Once received, this plan revision was adopted by the Hall County Regional Planning Commission [insert date]. Documentation showing the adoption at the County level is given as the first page of this report. Local community adoption of their sections of the plan took place after NDNR received and made the comments requested from each community. The local adoptions took place on different dates. Local adoption resolutions are given as the last page for each community in the community-specific portion of the plan in Appendix C. 54 Grand Island Regular Meeting - 5/4/2016 Page 87 / 228 Subsequent evaluations and updating of the plan will involve public display advertisements in the local newspaper or other public notices. The plan will be reviewed and revised as necessary every five years or after a Federally-declared disaster. Plans and Other Information Used in the Development of this Plan City of Grand Island Comprehensive Plan Information: Future development areas City of Grand Island Flood Insurance Study, FEMA. September 2, 1982. Information: Flood history, boundary, and statistics City of Wood River Flood Insurance Study, FEMA. June 3, 1986. Information: Flood history, boundary, and statistics High Plains Regional Climate Center: http://www.hprcc.unl.edu National Arbor Day Foundation – Tree City USA website located at: http://www.arborday.org/programs/treeCityUSA.cfm Information: Tree City USA information National Climate Data Center searchable severe weather database located at: http://www4.ncdc.noaa.gov/cgi-win/wwcgi.dll?wwevent~storms Information: All-hazard statistics Nebraska Department of Property and Taxation: http://pat.nol.org Nebraska flood data, Nebraska Department of Natural Resources spreadsheet. Information: Historic flood events in Nebraska Our Town Nebraska ----- “Nebraska…Our Towns” Taylor Publishing, Dallas, TX. 1990. Also: http://casde.unl.edu/history/ Information: Historic community information Population statistics from: http://factfinder.census.gov http://www.dnr.state.ne.us/databank/census/Ne00-90Villagerank.pdf Kingsley Dam Emergency Plan 55 Grand Island Regular Meeting - 5/4/2016 Page 88 / 228 Chapter 4 – Implementation Hall County will implement this plan by the methods outlined in this chapter. In addition to a positive benefit-cost ratio, projects will be prioritized and selected for implementation based on community goals, planning objectives, funding availability, environmental concerns, and public support. Projects sponsored for implementation by the County or by a participating community will follow a public process or proposal, funding, and review. Determining which projects should be submitted for funding will be based on a FEMA-approved cost-benefit method. This means that proposed projects may need to be reviewed for cost effectiveness with the assistance of state emergency management or floodplain management personnel. In addition to a positive cost-benefit ratio, projects will be prioritized and selected for implementation based on community goals, planning objectives, funding availability, environmental concerns, and public support. Estimated timeframes for projects and goals within this plan are marked, whenever feasibly estimated, within the details of that specific goal or action item. At its discretion, the County may choose to not implement any of the proposed mitigation projects at this time with the realization that future events may change this stance as well as the prioritization of projects. Mitigation Goal Review & Update The Hall County Regional Planning Commission reviewed the following projects for a recommendation on which projects should receive the highest priority. The County is responsible for making the final decision on which projects are submitted to the appropriate funding agency/program for funding. Unless otherwise decided for specific projects, the County will be the agency responsible for project administration. These projects are those which the County would like to undertake if funding becomes available. Community-specific projects for each of the municipalities are separate (but which may have the County as a sponsor) and are listed in their specific-community sections in Appendix C. In the plan, several potential mitigation projects are identified. This plan is not designed to have an all-inclusive list of projects, so the plan should be revised and updated as new projects are identified and prioritized by the County or its participating communities. During the planning and subsequent update process, the County heard the range of potential mitigation options available to them, and identified and prioritized the projects listed below. All mitigation options were considered and no options were thrown out – instead, they were ranked into three groups: a higher-priority, medium-priority, and lower-priority. Impact of Development Recent and potential property development in Hall County since the original plan has largely occurred in areas of western Grand Island, along the US281 and South Locust corridors. Some new development has occurred in the smaller communities, but to a much lesser extent. New 56 Grand Island Regular Meeting - 5/4/2016 Page 89 / 228 development has not included new critical facilities, but has included infrastructure such the extension of streets, electrical, water and sewer main to new areas. The public had the opportunity to comment on priorities in the public hearing in June 5, 2013 and January 8, 2014. Within each category, the projects are not further prioritized from highest- to-lowest priority because it was believed that all projects within each category were equally important. Following both the June 5, 2013 and January 8, 2014 meetings, there were no changes made to the priorities from the original plan. Mitigation Authorities, Programs & Capabilities Hall County and all municipalities and political subdivisions therein have the authority through State Law in Nebraska to plan, fund, and implement, repair, restore, and maintain hazard mitigation projects. Each jurisdiction has its own emergency management program and can maintain, expand and improve this and any other emergency management and mitigation plan, project and program. In addition to funding and budgetary authority, Hall County and all participating municipalities and political subdivisions (Cities, Villages, & GIPS) also have the resources necessary to plan, construct (through contract as needed), maintain and monitor the hazard mitigation projects identified in this plan. Each has its own public works and/or maintenance staff, a local emergency manager or emergency planner (GIPS) and annual budgets to support this staff. In fact, many of the same elected and appointed officials for these smaller villages are also the same individuals tasked with day-to-day tasks of public works, maintenance and emergency management. The City of Grand Island adopted and uses the 2012 International Building Code, 2012 International Residential Code, 2012 Uniform Plumbing Code, 2012 Uniform Mechanical Code and the 2014 National Electrical Code. Hall County adopted Zoning Regulations that make a number of requirements, including building use, type and a requirement of inspection by the State of Nebraska for National Electrical Code in buildings outside of Grand Island but within Hall County, its villages and the City of Wood River. Hall County is currently debating the option of adopting building codes and staffing a Building Inspector. The result of these deliberations is yet to be determined. 57 Grand Island Regular Meeting - 5/4/2016 Page 90 / 228 Recommendations & Project Update HIGHER PRIORITY PROJECTS Emergency Backup Power Inventory for Critical Facilities Many of the critical facilities in Hall County have emergency backup power capability. However, an inventory is needed to determine which emergency shelters, emergency responder facilities, vulnerable populations, and other critical facilities are in need of emergency backup capability. Potential funding sources: Hall County Emergency Management Agency – staff time. PROJECT UPDATE – COMPLETE: A detailed list of critical facilities in Hall County has been assembled which includes information regarding emergency backup power for each facility. Emergency Backup Power: 5-10 Years As witnessed in the major ice storm disaster of December, 2006, entire communities can be left without power for weeks. When a severe winter storm knocks out power, this is also a time when people – especially vulnerable populations – need access to heat and when critical facilities like hospitals need to be able to meet any critical care needs. Large emergency generators can be used to supply power directly to a community’s electric grid until outside power can be restored. Also, critical facilities should have emergency backup power capability of their own, not only to be ensure they are able to operate as intended, but also to function as emergency warming centers in extreme cases. Potential funding sources: The Hazard Mitigation Grant Program (HMGP) is a post-disaster funding program from FEMA. Projects must be identified in this mitigation plan, and these funds will supply up to 75% of the total project cost. PROJECT UPDATE – IN PROGRESS: A number of critical facilities have installed or upgraded emergency backup power, including, for instance, the remaining three Grand Island Fire Stations. Progress will be determined by the availability of funds both at the local level and through grant resources. Drainage Improvements: Ongoing Project Stormwater problems are common in the flat portions of Hall County, especially in the developed areas of Grand Island. The City and Central Platte NRD have been working to reduce the stormwater problems by constructing detention basins west of the City. The flooding dynamics will continue to change as additional construction occurs around the fringes of existing development. Potential funding sources: 1.Community Development Block Grant (CDBG) funds are available through the Nebraska Department of Economic Development for planning. Drainage studies and 58 Grand Island Regular Meeting - 5/4/2016 Page 91 / 228 improvements are eligible for funding as long as the City meets low-to-moderate income requirements. Applications are always open, but there are two funding cycles each year. 2.The Central Platte Natural Resources District has funded drainage improvements in the County. 3.The Flood Mitigation Assistance (FMA) program and Pre-Disaster Mitigation program through the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) receives annual allocations for projects. The Hazard Mitigation Grant Program (HMGP) is a post- disaster funding program, also from FEMA. For all of these programs, projects must be identified in this mitigation plan, and these funds will supply up to 75% of the total project cost. PROJECT UPDATE – IN PROGRESS: A wide variety of drainage improvement projects have been completed or are very nearly completed, and include: 1)Partnering with CPNRD on Upper Prairie/Silver/Moore’s Creek Flood Control Project construction of detention cells, levee, and hydrology models.(Details are found above.) 2) US-30 Drainage Improvements (connecting storm sewer pipe of surrounding area to utilize existing Wasmer cell). 3)CCC to Wood River (Southwest Drainage project connecting Brentwood overflow and drainage along and east of Hwy 281). 4)Stagecoach Detention Cell (raised bottom of cell w/low flow lining, presently considering a pump modification). 5)Streets Department cleaning NW Drainage ditch from north of Hwy 2 along Hwy 281 to Eagle Scout lake. 6)Streets Department installing low flow liner at the Englemen Detention Cell. 7)The implementation of a newly storm sewer cleaning operation that will Jet/Vac entire underground infrastructure. . Floodplain Management: Ongoing Project Although not commonly viewed by the public as mitigation, effective floodplain management is the most powerful tool in preventing unwise development in floodprone areas. Every community in Hall County – including Hall County – already participates in the National Flood Insurance Program. These communities will continue to participate and will be able to turn to the Nebraska Department of Natural Resources for technical assistance with specific problems and issues. The main responsibility for the administration of the local floodplain management ordinance has to do with the various aspects of reviewing and issuing floodplain development permits. If there is no or very little floodplain area in a community’s jurisdiction or if there is no or very little growth, a community’s administration responsibilities in the NFIP will be extremely easy. Also in the floodplain management category, downstream zoning of dams is idea whose time has come. As a result of the Safety of Dams and Reservoirs Act passed by the Nebraska Unicameral in 2005, zoning of areas downstream of low and significant hazards dams is now possible. The intent is to allow development to be regulated and restricted in these areas since population moving in below a low hazard dam will cause it to be reclassified as a high hazard dam. When this happens, the dam owner would be responsible to undertake costly construction actions to 59 Grand Island Regular Meeting - 5/4/2016 Page 92 / 228 raise the height of the dam, improve the dam to high-hazard specifications, and to ensure regular maintenance and inspections. The most current flood maps for Hall County are dated September 29, 2008. Prior to that date, Hall County, the Cities of Grand Island and Wood River, and the Villages of Alda, Doniphan and Cairo adopted the model flood plain ordinances provided by the State of Nebraska and appropriate to each jurisdiction based on risk and the detail of the flood maps. Those regulations became effective on the effective date of the maps. The Hall County Regional Planning department provides flood plain management services for all of the entities named above. Potential funding sources: There is no expense to communities to participate in the NFIP program other than personnel time to administer the program at the local level. Communities are also encouraged to pass zoning regulations for areas downstream of low-hazard and significant- hazard dams. PROJECT UPDATE – CONTINUING: Hall County and all its municipalities continue to participate in the NFIP through the Regional Planning Department. Flood Control: Ongoing Flood control and flood damage reduction is one of the primary responsibilities of the Central Platte NRD. Since the NRD was created in 1972, it has constructed numerous flood damage reduction projects in the Hall County. As the population of the County – especially in and around Grand Island – continues to increase and the area of development expands, the need for flood damage reduction measures also increases. The Wood River Diversion project is an example of a completed flood control project and the Prairie/Moores/Silver Creek project is one currently being worked on and should be completed in 2018.. Potential funding sources: Corps of Engineers, Central Platte Natural Resources District, Water Sustainability Fund through the Nebraska Department of Natural Resources. PROJECT UPDATE – IN PROGRESS: The proposed low land detention cells include 3.8 million cubic yards of earth excavated to date, with 2 million cubic yards remaining in future phases. Four dry dams have been constructed west of Grand Island on the upper tributaries of Prairie Creek. Construction of a levee will commence in fall 2015, and construction of the remaining detention cells will follow completion of the levee. Work is expected to last through 2018. Reverse 9-1-1 or New Technology for Warning Dissemination: Ongoing Reverse 9-1-1 is a system which allows a central location like the 9-1-1 call center or Emergency Operations Center to automatically dial a pre-set list of telephone numbers and issue a recorded warning message. In addition, new technologies are being developed which allow this type of reverse warning system to be put in place with cellular telephones customers, targeted personnel, and geographically targeted populations. These types of warning systems have being implemented on many university and college campuses in light of shootings. In these reverse 60 Grand Island Regular Meeting - 5/4/2016 Page 93 / 228 warning situations, students were informed not to come to the campus or to stay where they were until the situation had been resolved. Essentially, these warning systems would be used when there is an immediate need for a warning when there is not enough time for people to get to a television or radio. Potential funding sources: US Department of Homeland Security, Hazard Mitigation Grant Program funds, Hall County Emergency Management Agency, private through telephone companies. PROJECT UPDATE – COMPLETED: The Hall County Emergency Management Department has contracted with the Nebraska OCIO for emergency telephone notification. The GI-Hall Alert system provides voice, text and email notifications using a combination of public sign ups (cellular phones/emails) and the 911 landline database. The system has been used on several occasions to warn and inform the public with positive results. Purchase NOAA Weather Radio for Critical Facilities: Ongoing Weather radios are inexpensive enough that communities could purchase them for public critical facilities, such as schools and hospitals. Communities can encourage local businesses to purchase radios, especially elderly care facilities and noisy manufacturing plants which either need to be sure to receive warnings or may not be able to hear outdoor warning sirens. Potential funding sources: A brief online search of sites which offer NOAA Weather Radios for sale show several options with the average price being about $30-50. Depending on how many radios communities would need for critical public facilities, they might be able to purchase them. Some of Nebraska’s emergency management agencies have acquired weather radios at a discounted cost and have distributed them in interested communities. The Hall County Emergency Management Agency could perform a similar service. They are also eligible for FEMA’s Hazard Mitigation Grant Program set-aside funds if they are purchased for critical facilities. PROJECT UPDATE – COMPLETED: The Hall County Emergency Management Department has purchased and installed NOAA radios in City and County buildings and ensured their proper operation during installation. Maintenance of these NOAA radios is the responsibility of each specific department. NOAA Weather Radio Public Education: Ongoing The public may not be aware that weather warnings are available to them by purchasing an inexpensive weather radio. The cost for new radios is about $30 and they have the capability to weed out warnings for unneeded counties. The Hall County Emergency Management Agency can educate the public about these radios in their educational/outreach programs. Grand Island was a Project Impact community in the late 1990s, and they used those grant funds to purchase and hand out several thousand weather radios. 61 Grand Island Regular Meeting - 5/4/2016 Page 94 / 228 Potential funding sources: Hall County Emergency Management, no cost for education. Homeowners. PROJECT UPDATE – CONTINUING: The Emergency Management Department provides information and educational material regarding NOAA weather radios through pamphlets, handouts, online resources, local media releases and interviews, and at various public events. Public Tornado Shelters Given Hall County’s history with tornadoes, public tornado shelters may be considered in some areas. They are fundable under FEMA’s non-flood mitigation programs, and most states in FEMA Region VII (Nebraska, Iowa, Missouri, Kansas) have successfully implemented them. However, Nebraska currently has only funded one public tornado shelter: a community building in Cortland after the devastating Hallam Tornado of 2004. Shelters can be built in as new construction or as a retrofit – retrofits are more expensive. The most popular public shelters have been public schools and in areas of large concentrations of population in the summer months such as fairgrounds and parks. Potential funding sources: The Hazard Mitigation Grant Program (HMGP) and Pre-Disaster Mitigation (PDM) programs from FEMA. The Community Development Block Grant (CDBG) program can also be used to assist with the funding of public tornado shelters if the community meets certain federal income guidelines. PROJECT UPDATE – CONTINUING: A number of organizations in Hall County have inquired regarding the construction of safe rooms for their facility and have received structural information published by FEMA and instructions on the design and construction processes, as well as instruction on the types of funding options available through FEMA. To date, no new shelters have been constructed with FEMA grant assistance. Information about Tornado Safe Rooms: Ongoing Tornado safe rooms are areas built into existing or new construction which offer safety from severe weather events. The information about these safe rooms exists and is available, so it would be a matter of educating the availability of this information and encouraging property owners and construction firms to consider building or retrofitting a safe room in their developments. Potential funding sources: Federal Emergency Management Agency (publications), Hall County Emergency Management Agency, property owners – no cost for education. PROJECT UPDATE – CONTINUING: The Emergency Management Department provides information and educational material regarding Tornado Saferooms through pamphlets, handouts, online resources, local media releases and interviews, and at various public events. A full-scale model of a tornado saferoom was constructed by members of the Hall County LEPC and has been demonstrated at various public events. 62 Grand Island Regular Meeting - 5/4/2016 Page 95 / 228 Tornado Shelter Assessment Identify and designate tornado shelters. Any shelters that are identified should be entered into a GIS coverage for spatial analysis of shelter distribution and needs. Publicize the locations of all public tornado shelters to increase public awareness – perhaps with a sign on the building. The Hall County Emergency Management Agency should be the project leader for this activity. Potential funding sources: Hall County Emergency Management Agency, consultants PROJECT UPDATE – MINOR: The County does not maintain public tornado shelters. However, each business and home is instructed on proper techniques to selecting shelter in a tornado or other high wind event. This information is provided in a variety of media. Requiring Power Line Burial: Ongoing Communities can require new developments to bury power lines. Some communities currently have this as standard building code. Potential funding sources: No cost to implement, but staff training and enforcement PROJECT UPDATE – CONTINUING: House services that are torn down by tree branches during a storm are the cause of almost 90% of our storm related outages. The undergrounding of services is an entirely voluntary program but all electricians are aware of the program. GIUD puts in the distribution system underground for all new subdivisions. Existing areas of the distribution system are rebuilt as underground if all of the services along an area are first placed underground. The department has worked with homeowners in the past to place existing lines underground. Power Line Burial Projects: Ongoing For stretches of exposed transmission, distribution, and service lines which routinely experience problems – whether by ice, wind, or other natural hazard – line burial is an option. Burying power line is more expensive up-front, but essentially eliminates the potential for future line outages. Potential funding sources: FEMA’s non-flood mitigation programs, Southern Public Power District, City of Grand Island, homeowners PROJECT UPDATE – CONTINUING: The City of Grand Island Utilities Department is continuously upgrading the power system. Customers are encouraged to place their services underground from the pole line to the house. To give an incentive GIUD has offered to pay for the underground wire from the pole to the house. The customer must put in the conduit first and their electrician puts the wire in. The customer continues to own the service after installation. 63 Grand Island Regular Meeting - 5/4/2016 Page 96 / 228 Warning Siren for New Development: Ongoing As development takes place, it can be easy to forget about the need for warning siren coverage. Communities should explore options available to them to increase warning siren coverage as they expand. Potential funding sources: Hall County Emergency Management Agency, communities, Hazard Mitigation Grant Program PROJECT UPDATE – IN PROGRESS: Using HMGP grants and local funds, the Emergency Management Department has replaced or extended emergency outdoor warnings sirens in 10 locations throughout the county. New sirens feature a 70dB radius of 6200 feet, nearly double the previous siren models. Urban Tree Management Plan: Ongoing For all communities in Hall County, it would be beneficial to develop a comprehensive urban forest management plan, especially for public areas and in areas of communities which experience tree-related problems. Smaller communities should request a tree inventory from the Nebraska Forest Service which would give recommended actions to local tree boards. A common misconception is that a tree management plan will mean that the community is liable for damages if they do not take action based on the inventory’s findings. In reality, each community is already liable for tree-related damages on public property. An inventory can be completed which stipulates that only trees in public areas will be assessed. Outside of an inventory or urban forest plan, homeowners should also know how to maintain trees on their property since they are responsible for them. Potential funding sources: Instead of assessing the need for financial assistance, interested communities should send a letter to the Nebraska Forest Service, requesting a community tree inventory. Tree inventories are a free service from the NFS and are beneficial in determining tree-related activities which should be taken immediately or in the near future. Even in communities that have had a tree inventory completed in the last ten years, an updated inventory would be beneficial for local tree boards or other tree-related groups to assess required actions to reduce vulnerability. PROJECT UPDATE – CONTINUING: The Utilities Department spends around $500,000 each year to manage trees around power lines. Most of the money is spent clearing trees away from power lines to prevent damage to both the power lines and the trees. The amount is split between our own crews and contractors who are hired on an annual basis. We also fund a program of removing problem trees and funding up to $100.00 per tree to plant new trees in a location that will not interfere with the power lines. Severe Weather Awareness Education: Ongoing For awareness, severe weather safety tips could be made public by newspaper or other media outlets. Such a campaign should include practical tips like staying indoors when lightning is 64 Grand Island Regular Meeting - 5/4/2016 Page 97 / 228 around and could be combined with awareness campaigns from other disasters, and could take place during Severe Weather Awareness week every March. Potential funding sources: This is another activity which would not need to require financial resources other than staff time. Severe weather awareness campaigns can be done through various media, in cooperation with the National Weather Service, Hall County Emergency Management Agency, Central Platte Natural Resources District, Nebraska Emergency Management Agency, Nebraska Department of Natural Resources, Federal Emergency Management Agency, U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, and other agencies at all levels. PROJECT UPDATE – CONTINUING: The Emergency Management Department provides severe weather awareness education through a variety of methods, including partnerships with the NWS Hastings for annual Storm Spotter courses, public news releases during events such as Severe Weather Awareness Week, Winter Weather Awareness Day, etc. The County participates in the annual Tornado Test Drill and uses social media to collect feedback from the community regarding the activation of local warning systems. Severe weather education has been delivered to the public directly through lectures, volunteer training, public events, media interviews, online through the Department website, social media, and presentations to community and youth groups. Flood Awareness Education: Ongoing A flood awareness program would require the commitment of staff time from each interested community. Agencies such as the Central Platte NRD, Nebraska Department of Natural Resources, Nebraska Emergency Management Agency, Federal Emergency Management Agency, and US Army Corps of Engineers could provide assistance and educational materials. An on-going flood awareness education program might attract interested members of the public to assist as volunteers. Potential funding sources: Most education and outreach programs would not require funding. The only commitment would be staff time, time and money spent advertising meetings, and the cost of printing materials. PROJECT UPDATE – CONTINUING: Similar to Severe Weather Awareness Education, the Emergency Management Department provides flood awareness education through a variety of methods, including partnerships with the NWS Hastings for annual Storm Spotter courses, public news releases during events such as Severe Weather Awareness Week. Flood education and information has been delivered to the public directly through lectures, volunteer training, public events, media interviews, online through the Department website, social media, and presentations to community and youth groups. MEDIUM PRIORITY PROJECTS Since these projects are not of a high priority, potential funding sources are not as important to identify at this stage. 65 Grand Island Regular Meeting - 5/4/2016 Page 98 / 228 Provide Tree Planting/Selection Information to Citizens This information is already available from multiple sources. It would be a question of having communities receive the informational brochures and to have the information available in an accessible location. PROJECT UPDATE – CONTINUING: Water Supply Augmentation: 10-15 years The Village of Alda and Village of Wood River both have water supply issues which could make their citizens more vulnerable to drought than communities which have an adequate water supply. The State has some revolving loan programs which could be tapped to expand their water supply. PROJECT UPDATE – IN PROGRESS: Alda received a grant from the State to provide a new and separate water supply to help its own. Alda contracted with Grand Island to construct a water line from Grand Island to the Northeast corner of their system. There is a water meter and backflow preventer at that location to isolate Alda’s system from Grand Island’s system. Local Demand Reduction/Conservation Programs: Ongoing When communities face a water shortage, it is important to reduce the demand on the limited water supply. These programs could be as simple as restricting lawn watering or could get more drastic depending on need. No matter what, a pipeline for disseminating the restrictions is needed. PROJECT UPDATE – CONTINUING: Grand Island has a demand reduction conservation program in place at this time that consists of volunteering to turn the water during off and then to water on even or odd days. This has not been needed as of this time but the program is in place. We use the same program for drought response and emergency supply. LOWER PRIORITY PROJECTS Since these projects are not of a high priority, potential funding sources are not as important to identify at this stage. Acquisition and Demolition of Floodprone Structures Some natural resources districts in Nebraska have existing floodway acquisition programs. The Central Platte NRD could initiate a similar program. One of the benefits of a countywide hazard mitigation plan is that all properties in the County will be eligible for FEMA funding from its annually-funded mitigation programs. The City of Grand Island would be an excellent sponsor for the repetitive loss property within its jurisdiction. This alternative was put in the “Lower” category due to the low number of targetable buyout candidates in Hall County. 66 Grand Island Regular Meeting - 5/4/2016 Page 99 / 228 Specific areas targeted for acquisition projects are: Repetitive loss properties listed for Grand Island and Hall County All floodprone areas in the County will be considered for buyouts, as requested Become a Tree City USA: Ongoing Grand Island and Doniphan are already Tree City USA communities. Other communities in Hall County can receive the benefits of becoming a Tree City USA. PROJECT UPDATE – CONTINUING: Grand Island has been recognized by the Arbor Day Foundation as a Tree City USA community for its commitment to urban forestry since 1985. The City of Grand Island makes the planting and care of trees a priority. Trees bring shade and beauty to neighborhoods, along with numerous economic, social, and environmental benefits. Cleaner air, improved storm water management, energy savings, and increased property values and commercial activity are among the benefits enjoyed by the citizens of Grand Island. The Tree City USA program is sponsored by the Arbor Day Foundation in partnership with the National Association of State Foresters and the U.S. Forest Service. Grand Island has met the standards to become a Tree City USA community. Tree City USA communities must have a tree-care ordinance, an annual community forestry budget of at least $2 per capita and an Arbor Day observance and proclamation. Hail Education: Ongoing Some of the most damaging natural hazards events in Hall County have been severe hail storms. There is not a lot that can be done to prevent hail damage to existing homes, but there are things that can be done to reduce future damage to new homes and to vehicles. For new homes, building options would be metal roofs instead of wood shake or traditional asphalt shingles. Another building improvement would be metal siding instead of vinyl or wood, which can be destroyed by hail strikes. Improved warning times would allow owners to move their vehicles to a protected location. PROJECT UPDATE – CONTINUING: Similar to Severe Weather Awareness Education, the Emergency Management Department provides hail awareness education through a variety of methods, including partnerships with the NWS Hastings for annual Storm Spotter courses, public news releases during events such as Severe Weather Awareness Week. Hail education and information has been delivered to the public directly through lectures, volunteer training, public events, media interviews, online through the Department website, social media, and presentations to community and youth groups. Secure At-Risk Development like Manufactured Homes Mobile home tie-downs are an easy way to prevent them from rolling during high winds. However, implementing a mitigation project for these types of buildings is problematic since they are often rented and the owners lack the financial capability to install them. Under the Project Impact program in the late 1990s, Grand Island offered these tie-downs as a project and received no takers. 67 Grand Island Regular Meeting - 5/4/2016 Page 100 / 228 PROJECT UPDATE – MINOR: Hall County communities have shown little or no interest in this project. Flood Insurance Education for Homeowners: Ongoing Information on how to obtain flood insurance should be provided to private property owners – it would be at their discretion to actually purchase the insurance coverage. Since the passage of the National Flood Insurance Reform Act of 1994, lenders have been required to determine if the property to be insured is in a floodplain. If it is, lenders will require flood insurance as a condition of protecting their loan. This is only for loans which are federally-backed such as mortgages or home improvements. For this potential project, “education” could mean something as easy as having FEMA flood insurance brochures available at city/village halls and public libraries to inform the public. PROJECT UPDATE – CONTINUING: Recent changes in the program due to the Biggert- Waters Act is creating a number of concerns among home owners. The primary concern is the increased cost of flood insurance for pre-FIRM structures. It appears that these increased costs are resulting in more people attempting to have their property amended out of the flood plain using the LOMA process or people paying off mortgages to avoid the increased cost of insurance. If they are removed from the flood plain this does not create any major concerns as their known risk is minimized and validated. If they pay off their loan to avoid the higher premiums this represents an increased risk the economic vitality of the region. Not only are we still at risk for flooding, we are at risk for the increased economic loss that results from the combination of a hazard and an uninsured property. Self-insuring places value of the entire asset at risk. The end result of the passage of Biggert-Waters in its current form may not achieve the desired results. Emergency Snow Route Development and Signage: Ongoing The City of Grand Island already has this in place, which is the highest priority based on population concentration, and the State takes care of clearing highways. Other communities have a general snow removal plan, but do not have a route identified. PROJECT UPDATE – COMPLETE: Signage for emergency snow route, which also serve as major evacuation routes, are properly marked in the City of Grand Island and maintained by the Streets Division of the Public Works Department. Water Supply Emergency Response Programs/Drought Contingency Plans: Ongoing Develop contingency plans, including worst case scenarios, in case of an emergency water supply shortfall which cannot be met by voluntary restrictions to reduce demand. PROJECT UPDATE – ONGOING: The City of Grand Island has an ordinance that allows for restricting use of water in instances where the public exigency would require it. The City has also worked with the Village of Alda to provide water to that village. 68 Grand Island Regular Meeting - 5/4/2016 Page 101 / 228 Plan Maintenance Future plan monitoring, evaluating, and updating will follow this process: 1.Unless otherwise designated by the Hall County Board, Hall County Regional Planning Commission (HCRPC) staff will oversee the plan evaluation and revision process. Alternate staff could be from the Hall County Emergency Management Agency. 2.To assist with the monitoring of the plan, as a recommended project is completed, a detailed timeline of how that project was completed will be written and attached to the plan in a format selected by HCRPC staff. Items to be included will be: timelines, agencies involved, area(s) benefited, total funding (if complete), etc. 3.At the discretion of the HCRPC, a local task force may be used to review the original draft of the mitigation plan and to recommend changes. 4.The persons overseeing the evaluation process will review the goals and objectives of the previous plan and evaluate them to see that they are still pertinent and current. Among other questions, they may want to ask themselves: Do the goals and objective address current and expected conditions? If any of the recommended projects have been completed, did they have the desired impact on the goal for which they were identified? If not, what was the reason it was not successful (lack of funds/resources, lack of political/popular support, underestimation of the amount of time needed, etc.)? Have the nature, magnitude, and/or type of risks changed? Have there been implementation problems? Are current resources appropriate to implement the plan? Were the outcomes as expected? Are there other agencies which should be included in the revision process? 5.Any projects that have been completed since the previous plan will be noted in a “Previous Mitigation Projects” section and removed from further consideration for new projects. 6.If no further action has been made on the recommended projects of the previous version of the plan, HCRPC staff will document this fact. 7.Before incorporating the changes to the plan that are identified as necessary as a part of the monitoring and evaluating portions, the public will be invited to comment through the same process used in the development of the original plan: public notification through newspaper article/public notice, public meetings, and by letter of invitation to relevant stakeholders. 8.At its discretion, the HCRPC may opt to use the plan evaluation, update, and revision worksheets given in this plan in Appendix A. For future reviews, the following minimum procedures must be followed: Task A: Evaluate the effectiveness of the planning process. 1.Reconvene a Planning Team 2.Review your Planning Process Items to Discuss: a.Building the Planning Team b.Engaging the Public c.Data Gathering and Analysis d.Coordinating with other Agencies 69 Grand Island Regular Meeting - 5/4/2016 Page 102 / 228 Task B: Evaluate the effectiveness of your actions. 1.What were the results of the implemented action? Did the results achieve the goals/objectives outlined in the plan? Did the actions have the intended results? 2.Were the actions cost-effective? Did (or would) the project result in the reduction of potential losses? 3.Document actions that were slow to get started or not implemented Task C: Determine why the actions worked (or did not work) 1.Lack of available resources 2.The political or popular support for or against the action 3.The availability of funds 4.The workloads of the responsible parties 5.The actual time necessary to implement the actions Incorporation into Existing Planning Mechanisms All planning partners are committed to incorporate this mitigation plan into their comprehensive plans. This will ensure that the mitigation component of the comprehensive plan would be consistently revisited and reviewed. In 2003-2004 all of the communities in Hall County (Grand Island, Wood River, Alda, Cairo and Doniphan) along with Hall County adopted revised comprehensive development plans laying out a development framework and priorities for the next 20 years. In addition to the statutory components of a comprehensive development plan (transportation network, population projections, existing and future land use, and public facilities) these plans all contained a section on hazard mitigation. These plans are all still in place and effective including those elements to minimize the risk of damage from natural and manmade hazards, including natural events such as but not limited to: flooding, ground water, tornados; and manmade events such as but not limited to: chemical spills, explosions, and train wrecks. All of the local governments engage in some form of Capital Improvement Planning though this is generally limited to the development and rebuilding of road projects. Most other Capital Improvements are considered on an as needed basis and each project is funded based on availability of local funds, grant funds/loans and specific need of that community. Roads projects are all subject to flood plain restrictions and are required to apply for the necessary flood plain development permits when the project is within a regulatory flood plain. Upon the local adoption of the mitigation plan, each participating community will make sure that it adopts, and is enforcing, the minimum standards established in the building code used in the State of Nebraska in the manner required by the State of Nebraska. This is to ensure that life/safety criteria are met for new construction. For instance, the City of Grand Island has adopted the 2012 International Building Code, 2012 International Residential Code, 2012 Uniform Plumbing Code, 2012 Uniform Mechanical Code and the 2014 National Electrical Code. Hall County, on behalf of unincorporated areas, the villages and Wood River, has adopted the National Electrical Code and inspections are completed by the State of Nebraska. 70 Grand Island Regular Meeting - 5/4/2016 Page 103 / 228 The Emergency Management Department also participates regularly with the CNPPID in their annual Kingsley Dam planning and education sessions. All updates for the Kingsley Dam failure are updated immediately when received from CNPPID. Information from the CNPPID Dam Failure Plan is incorporated in this and other emergency and comprehensive planning efforts. Future comprehensive and capital improvement planning that occurs will also incorporate the goals from this hazard mitigation plan. This is another item which may be administered at the local level through the Hall County Regional Planning Commission and Regional Planning Department. 71 Grand Island Regular Meeting - 5/4/2016 Page 104 / 228 APPENDIX A – SAMPLE PLAN UPDATE WORKSHEETS Worksheet # 1: Progress Report Progress Report Period: to (Date)(Date) Project Title: Project ID#: Responsible Agency: Address: City/County: Contact Person: Title: Phone #(s): e-mail address: List Supporting Agencies and Contacts: Total Project Cost: $Anticipated Cost Overrun/Under run: Date of Project Approval: Start date of the project: Anticipated completion date: Description of the Project (include a description of each phase, if applicable, and the time frame for completing each phase). Milestones Complete Projected Date of Completion Plan Goal(s)/Objective(s) Addressed: 72 Grand Island Regular Meeting - 5/4/2016 Page 105 / 228 Goal: Objective: Indicator of Success (e.g., losses avoided as a result of the acquisition program): In most cases, you will list losses avoided as the indicator. In cases where it is difficult to quantify the benefits in dollar amounts, you will use other indicators, such as the number of people who now know about mitigation or who are taking mitigation actions to reduce their vulnerability to hazards. Status (Please checks pertinent information and provide explanations for items with an asterisk. For completed or canceled projects, see Worksheet #2 — to complete a project evaluation): Project Status Project Cost Status (1) Project on schedule (1) Cost unchanged (2) Project completed (2) Cost overrun* *explain: (3) Project delayed*(3) Cost under run* *explain: *explain: (4) Project canceled Summary of progress on project for this report: A.What was accomplished during this reporting period? B.What obstacles, problems, or delays did you encounter, if any? C.How was each problem resolved? 73 Grand Island Regular Meeting - 5/4/2016 Page 106 / 228 Next Steps: What is/are the next step(s) to be accomplished over the next reporting period? Other comments: 74 Grand Island Regular Meeting - 5/4/2016 Page 107 / 228 Worksheet #2: Evaluating Your Planning Team When gearing up for the plan evaluation, the planning team should reassess its composition and ask the following questions: YES NO Have there been local staffing changes that would warrant inviting different members to the planning team? Comments/Proposed Action: Are there organizations that have been invaluable to the planning process or to project implementation that should be represented on the planning team? Comments/Proposed Action: Are there any representatives of essential organizations who have not fully participated in the planning and implementation of actions? If so, can someone else from this organization commit to the planning team? Comments/Proposed Action: Are there procedures (e.g., signing of MOAs, commenting on submitted progress reports, distributing meeting minutes, etc.) that can be done more efficiently? Comments/Proposed Action: Are there ways to gain more diverse and widespread cooperation? Comments/Proposed Action: Are there different or additional resources (financial, technical, and human) that are now available for mitigation planning? Comments/Proposed Action: If the planning team determines the answer to any of these questions is “yes,” some changes may be necessary. 75 Grand Island Regular Meeting - 5/4/2016 Page 108 / 228 Worksheet #3: Evaluate Your Project Results Project Name and Number: Project Budget: Project Description: Associated Goal and Objective (s): Insert location map include before and after photos if appropriate Indicator of Success (e.g., losses avoided): Was the action implemented? IF YES IF NO What were the results of the implemented action? Why not? Was there political support for the action?YES NO Were enough funds available?YES NO Were workloads equitably or realistically distributed?YES NO Was new information discovered about the risks or community that made implementation difficult or no longer sensible? YES NO Was the estimated time of implementation reasonable?YES NO Were sufficient resources (for example staff and technical assistance) available?YES NO Were the outcomes as expected? If No, please explain: YES NO Did the results achieve the goal and objective (s)? Explain how: YES NO Additional comments or other outcomes: 76 Grand Island Regular Meeting - 5/4/2016 Page 109 / 228 Was the action cost-effective? Explain how or how not: YES NO What were the losses avoided after having completed the project? If it was a structural project, how did it change the hazard profile? Date Prepared by: 77 Grand Island Regular Meeting - 5/4/2016 Page 110 / 228 Worksheet #4: Revisit Your Risk Assessment If you answered “Yes” to any of the above questions, review your data and update your risk assessment information accordingly. 78 Risk Assessment Steps Questions YES NO COMMENTS Identify hazards Are there new hazards that can affect your community? Are new historical records available? Are additional maps or new hazard studies available? Have chances of future events (along with their magnitude, extent, etc.) changed? Profile hazard events Have recent and future development in the community been checked for their effect on hazard areas? Have inventories of existing structures in hazard areas been updated? Are future developments foreseen and accounted for in the inventories? Inventory assets Are there any new special high-risk populations? Estimate losses Have loss estimates been updated to account for recent changes? Grand Island Regular Meeting - 5/4/2016 Page 111 / 228 Worksheet #5: Revise the Plan Prepare to update the plan. When preparing to update the plan:Check the box when addressed  1. Gather information, including project evaluation worksheets, progress reports, studies, related plans, etc. Comments: 2. Reconvene the planning team, making changes to the team composition as necessary (see results from Worksheet #2). Comments: Consider the results of the evaluation and new strategies for the future. When examining the community consider: Check the box when addressed  1. The results of the planning and outreach efforts. Comments: 2. The results of the mitigation efforts. Comments: 3. Shifts in development trends. Comments: 4. Areas affected by recent disasters. Comments: 5. The recent magnitude, location, and type of the most recent hazard or disaster. Comments: 6. New studies or technologies. Comments: 79 Grand Island Regular Meeting - 5/4/2016 Page 112 / 228 7. Changes in local, state, or federal laws, policies, plans, priorities, or funding. 8. Changes in the socioeconomic fabric of the community. Comments: 9. Other changing conditions. Comments: Incorporate your findings into the plan. When examining the plan: Check the box when addressed  1. Revisit the risk assessment. Comments: 2. Update your goals and strategies. Comments: 3. Recalculate benefit-cost analyses of projects to prioritize action items. Comments: Use the following criteria to evaluate the plan: Criteria YES NO Solution Are the goals still applicable? Have any changes in the state or community made the goals obsolete or irrelevant? Do existing actions need to be reprioritized for implementation? Do the plan’s priorities correspond with state priorities? Can actions be implemented with available resources? Comments: 80 Grand Island Regular Meeting - 5/4/2016 Page 113 / 228 APPENDIX B Compendium of Public Meeting Documentation 81 Grand Island Regular Meeting - 5/4/2016 Page 114 / 228 82 Grand Island Regular Meeting - 5/4/2016 Page 115 / 228 83 Grand Island Regular Meeting - 5/4/2016 Page 116 / 228 84 Grand Island Regular Meeting - 5/4/2016 Page 117 / 228 85 Grand Island Regular Meeting - 5/4/2016 Page 118 / 228 86 Grand Island Regular Meeting - 5/4/2016 Page 119 / 228 87 Grand Island Regular Meeting - 5/4/2016 Page 120 / 228 88 Grand Island Regular Meeting - 5/4/2016 Page 121 / 228 89 Grand Island Regular Meeting - 5/4/2016 Page 122 / 228 90 Grand Island Regular Meeting - 5/4/2016 Page 123 / 228 APPENDIX C Community-Specific Mitigation Planning Information This section contains mitigation planning information specific to each participating community. Communities are listed in alphabetical order. More detailed information for each community, including: disaster history for each hazard type, structural inventory, and desired mitigation alternatives – listed in order of highest priority to lowest. Local adoption documentation is provided in Appendix D. 91 Grand Island Regular Meeting - 5/4/2016 Page 124 / 228 Alda The above table shows the input provided at the initial public meeting of perceived probability, risk, and impact to the jurisdiction above. Due to the geographical proximity, the following hazard types were not considered due to there being no likelihood of occurring in Nebraska: volcanic eruptions, avalanches, hurricanes, tidal surges, and tsunamis. Alda Survey 2013 Dam Failure Earth- quake Drought Flood Summer Storm Land slide Winter Storm Tornado/ Wind Wildfire Crime/ Terror Hazmat Probability Unlikely Unlikely Likely Unlikely Likely Unlikely Likely Likely Unlikely Likely Unlikely Risk Low Low Low Low Med Low Med High Med Med Low Impact 0 0 2 1 4 0 4 5 1 2 1 Survey Criteria Survey Question Based on history, what is the likelihood this type of event will happen again?Probability Likely or Unlikely What is perceived Risk of Damage/Injuries, Etc?Risk High, Medium, Low The severity level to which the event will impact residents of the County.Impact (5=Full, 0=None) In the following sections, only the hazard types which have a significant likelihood of occurring or have a reason to potentially occur are listed. These types are: severe weather (summer and winter), tornado, flood, and drought. Although there is a small risk for earthquakes, wildfires, and landslides, the threat and associated risk for these hazards is not high enough and there are no realistic or feasible mitigation action which can be taken to reduce the level of risk. The only dam failure which has any potential of impacting Alda is Kingsley Dam, which holds back Lake McConaughy in western Nebraska. The breach route inundation maps for Kingsley Dam show that Alda would not be inundated in the unlikely event that this dam fails; therefore, dam failure is not further considered for Alda. The National Climatic Data Center and the Nebraska State Forest Service lists no records of wildfire for Hall County. Additionally, the citizens did not rank these hazards high enough to warrant detailed discussion in this plan. This may change in future updates. Disaster History Because of its proximity between the larger communities of Wood River and Grand Island, the Village of Alda is often lost in the details of hazard events reporting. Since natural hazards are where people and weather interact, it should be expected that the larger communities will have more events recorded. This means that even if there are damaging hazard events, if damage occurred in the larger communities, it will be reported as happening there while there may be no reports for Alda. Flood 92 Grand Island Regular Meeting - 5/4/2016 Page 125 / 228 The National Weather Service’s Advanced Hydrologic Prediction Service gives the following flood categories for Wood River at the Alda gage and their impacts: Major Flood Stage 12.2 feet Record flooding, Highway 30 upstream of gage site acts as a constriction to flood crests Moderate Flood Stage 11 feet The left bank (north side) overflows, water floods lowlands and county roads Flood Stage 10 feet Minor lowland flooding occurs in pastures and farmlands Action Stage 9 feet Torrential rainfall of 5 to 11 inches on May 11 and 12, 2005, led to widespread flash flooding throughout Hall County. This event was declared a federal disaster area by President Bush. Wood River near Alda, which had been dry for three years, tied a record with a crest of 12.2 feet early on the 12th. Records also indicate that Wood River flooded in 1967, 1968, and 1969, although no damage estimates are available – if there was any. Flood crest data indicates that the June 1968 flood was 11.7 feet and the March 1969 event was 12 feet. The National Climatic Data Center reported a flood event for Alda on February 20, 2007. No additional information was available – including no description of the event or damage estimate. Severe Weather On July 29, 1996, 1¾-inch diameter hail caused $2,000 in property damage and $20,000 in crop damage around town. On June 15, 1997, golf ball-sized up to tennis ball-sized hail propelled by 60 mph winds severely damaged wide areas of western Hall County. Crop and tree damage was extensive. In Alda, the magnitude of the hail was one inch, property damage was estimated at $150,000, and area crop damage was set at $1 million. On May 21, 1998, 2-inch hail caused $15,000 in property damage and an estimated $250,000 in crop damage. On May 21, 2004, 1¾- inch caused $25,000 in property damage. On June 16, 2006, thunderstorm winds of 57 mph caused property and crop damage two miles north of Alda. On the severe winter weather side, Alda was without power as a result of the New Years Ice Storm, which hit in late December, 2006. Tornado There are no records which indicate that Alda has been directly impacted by a tornado in its history, however the risk for a tornado striking Alda is the same as any other similar sized area in Hall County. Drought NCDC reports three drought events since 1950 for Hall County: in 2000, 2002 and 2012. Both of these droughts appear to have been agricultural droughts with the most impact to growing crops. Although Alda is situated in an area which has been directly impacted by a drought, there are no indications that the Village has ever been materially impacted by a drought. Probability of Future Hazard Events It is certain that Alda will continue to be impacted by some aspect of severe weather – perhaps as often as each year. In these events, Alda should expect annually to witness high winds, and intense rain in the summer, large snowfalls and bitter windchills in the winter. Less common, 93 Grand Island Regular Meeting - 5/4/2016 Page 126 / 228 but certainly probably every 2-3 years are instances of large hail, blizzards and/or ice storms. Because it is not located in the flood plain, it is unlikely, but possible, that Alda could be impacted by flooding from Wood River or by intense warm season rain events. It is also unlikely, but possible, that the Village of Alda will be directly impacted by a tornado due to its small geographic area. Although it is must be assumed that an annual probability exists of a tornado within 25 miles of Alda is. Past Hazard Mitigation Efforts The Village of Alda participates and is in good standing in the National Flood Insurance Program (NFIP). The initial identification for Alda’s floodplain map was completed on June 25, 1976 with the Village participation in the NFIP becoming effective on June 20, 1978. The floodplain map was rescinded on August 4, 1987, which means that it was later determined that the low level of flood risk did not warrant the administrative cost to maintain the maps by the Federal Emergency Management Agency. Flood mapping for insurance rating purposes has been completed by FEMA and included with the package of maps available for Hall County (Map Number 31079C) effective September 26, 2008. Alda continues to participate as is in good standing in the National Flood Insurance Program. As defined by FEMA’s repetitive loss list, there are no repetitive flood loss properties in Alda. Vulnerability Assessment According to an assessment completed by the Nebraska Department of Natural Resources in March of 2013, there are 303 total structures in Alda, and the structures are broken out below by type: 260 residences 26 businesses 14 (at least) out buildings large enough to be seen on aerial photographs 2 publicly-owned structures: the municipal building and school 1 church/non-profit buildings According to the Nebraska Department of Property Assessment and Taxation, the total assessed taxable value for Alda in 2013 was $23,179,164. Broken out by significant property types, this is: Residential real property: $13,376,114 (57.7%) Commercial real property: $ 3,732,122 (16.1%) Agricultural Land and homes/outbuildings: $ -0- (0.0%) Commercial/Industrial personal property: $ 1,194,596 (5.2%) Public service corporation real and personal: $ 101,336 (0.4%) Railroad real and personal property: $ 1,217,490 (5.3%) Industrial real property: $ 3,557,506 (15.3%) Agricultural personal property: $ -0- (0.0%) Recreational real property: $ -0- (.00%) The entire structure stock is vulnerable to the severe weather, tornado, and drought hazard. This means that, as of 2013, there is $23,179,164 in at-risk assets for these hazard types. 94 Grand Island Regular Meeting - 5/4/2016 Page 127 / 228 In the structural inventory completed by the Corps of Engineers, seven properties were found to be located in a regulated floodplain in Alda’s extraterritorial zoning jurisdiction. NDNR’s inventory in the corporate limits found no properties in a regulated floodplain. The valuation of the seven floodplain properties found by the Corps of Engineers is $579,479, or 2.5% of the total valuation of Alda and its zoning jurisdiction. Alda has six (6) listed critical facilities, as identified by the Village and supplemented with various federal databases. Critical facilities are those structures which will be essential for returning the Village functions to normal after a disaster (“Civic”) and are vital for disaster response and sheltering (“Shelter”). Critical facilities can also be economic (“Financial”) because the loss of a major employer or the loss of the Village’s main source(s) of revenue will greatly hinder recovery. The critical facilities identified are: Civic: Village Hall/Community Center, Fire Hall Sheltering: United Methodist Church Infrastructure: Alda Water Tower, Well, and Wastewater Lagoon Critical facilities in a floodplain: The Village of Alda does not fall within the floodplain. Figure 10: Flood Plain Map for Alda Area The figure below shows the potential ranges of the outdoor warning sirens in Alda, with the yellow shading being a half-mile from the siren and red one mile from the siren. As shown by the figure, the entire development in the Alda corporate limits is in the yellow shaded area. It must be recognized, however, that these are outdoor warning sirens which are designed to alert residents who are outside and in close proximity to the sirens. They are not designed to warn persons indoors at-distance, traveling in vehicles, or in noisy environments. In addition, a warning system works best if there are operational redundancies – meaning that it is always safer to have additional sirens in a network in case a siren malfunctions or is destroyed. An additional 95 Grand Island Regular Meeting - 5/4/2016 Page 128 / 228 consideration is that periods during which warning sirens are needed are often noisy in themselves with high wind, intense rain, and hail which all act to reduce peoples’ ability to hear the sirens. It is easier to hear a warning for people who are downwind of the siren. Figure 11 - Outdoor Siren Locations - Alda Figure 12 - Alda Future Development The Figure above shows the areas of new development which is most likely to occur in the next five to ten years. The vulnerability of all development for severe winter storms, severe summer 96 Grand Island Regular Meeting - 5/4/2016 Page 129 / 228 storms, and tornadoes is the same now and will be the same in the future. The only hazard which is able to be modified by human behavior or activity is flooding. Since Alda is situated outside of a regulated floodplain, it is unlikely that new development will take place in a floodplain area. However, since Alda is in good standing in the National Flood Insurance Program, future development which does take place in a regulated floodplain will be completed in compliance with the Village’s floodplain management ordinance. Mitigation Alternatives Alda’s planning goals are the same as the goals for the county portion of the plan. GOALS: 1) Reduce or prevent future damage from natural hazard events, 2) Increase public safety To address these goals, mitigation alternatives were suggested in the public meeting and prioritized by the Alda Village Board. Prioritization Alda prioritized the mitigation alternatives according to the “STAPLE(E)” procedure (Social acceptability, Technical feasibility, Administrative capability of local government, Political acceptability, Legal authority to implement, Economic justification, and Environmental acceptability). In addition, alternatives were prioritized based on the community’s goals and planning objectives. At its discretion, Alda officials may choose to not implement any of the proposed mitigation projects at this time with the realization that future events may change this stance as well as the prioritization of projects. Projects sponsored for implementation will follow a public process. 1) Maintain good standing in the National Flood Insurance Program Objective 1: Continue to regulate development in floodplain areas. Funding sources and potential cost: No funding needed, no cost. 2) Reduce impacts of stormwater problems Objective 2: Complete a drainage study -Action 2.1: Given the extremely flat topography in the area, drainage will always be a problem – especially for intense warm weather rainfall events. A drainage study is needed in Alda to help the Village make wise land use decisions, to identify where existing drainage infrastructure is weak, and to identify ways to address these weaknesses. A drainage study has the potential to also identify good flood mitigation projects which could be funded using FEMA’s mitigation programs. Funding sources and potential cost: Central Platte NRD, Community Development Block Grant, Village – cost varies widely on scope and community size 3) Increase public safety for tornadoes Objective 3: Provide emergency shelter(s) to which local residents would evacuate in the event of a tornado warning, especially those who live in vulnerable housing 97 Grand Island Regular Meeting - 5/4/2016 Page 130 / 228 -Action 3.1: Perform an assessment of existing structures to determine their capability to be used as tornado shelters -Action 3.2: Create public shelters by retrofitting or new construction. FEMA has retrofitted schools and constructed all-new shelters in several places in the Midwest. However, most tornadoes occur in late-afternoon to early evening when a school might be closed for the day. Furthermore, it has been reported that public tornado shelters that are left open to the public are not used properly, with problems of vandalism and use by vagrants. At-risk structure types include mobile homes and slab-on-grade residential construction which has no basement. Funding sources and potential cost: FEMA’s Pre-Disaster Mitigation program or Hazard Mitigation Grant Program – cost uncertain and highly variable by scope 4) Increase public safety by having emergency backup power capacity Objective 4: The New Years Ice Storm of December 2006 demonstrated that the redundancy in Nebraska’s public power system is not adequate for major ice storm events. As a result of this event, several communities in central Nebraska were without power for over a week. When it became clear that getting power restored to these communities would take longer than expected, emergency power generators were brought in. Situations like this represent obvious public safety concerns from the inability to heat structures and critical facilities, inconvenience for residents, and the loss of property and contents from the spoiling of food, for example. Emergency generators could also be used in the aftermath of other disasters to power the critical facilities being used to guide post-disaster operations. -Action 4.1: Purchase emergency backup generators Funding sources and potential cost: Generators are eligible under Hazard Mitigation Grant Program 5% set-aside funds. Under the Pre-Disaster Mitigation program, generators are not an eligible project unless they are a part of a tornado shelter or another part of the eligible activity. 5) Prevent the potential injury or loss of life in manufactured homes from high winds Objective 5: Use tie downs to secure manufactured homes to a stable foundation, preventing the potential for rolling. - Action 5.1: The Village could pass an ordinance requiring all manufactured homes or all new manufactured homes to be securely anchored to their foundations -Action 5.2: A non-regulatory option would be to have the Village educate the owners of these properties on the availability of techniques to make their dwelling safer. 6) Reduce the need for snow clearing in Village boundary streets Objective 6: By installing snow fences along the corporate limits on the north and west sides of the Village, some of the wind-driven snow will be trapped and will not need to be plowed away. The less snow in town, the quicker all Village residents will be able to have access to emergency treatment. Since the corporate limit boundary may be the rear of residential property, the Village would need to obtain approval from property owners. An alternative would be to acquire an easement between the corporate limits and adjacent agricultural land. -Action 6.1: Purchase and install a snow fence. 98 Grand Island Regular Meeting - 5/4/2016 Page 131 / 228 -Action 6.2: Acquire easement on which to build a snow fence or to plant a ‘living fence’ of pine trees or other shelterbelt-type of tree. Goal: 3) Increase Public Education There are no explicit objectives or actions for this goal; however, there is an implicit action related to this goal for above actions which will require public participation. Activities for this goal are found in the County portion of this document since the likely lead or assisting agency will be the Hall County Emergency Management Agency. Implementation To start implementation, determining which projects should be submitted for funding will be based on a FEMA-approved cost-benefit method. This means that proposed projects would need to be reviewed for cost effectiveness with the assistance of state emergency management or floodplain management personnel. Unless otherwise delegated, the Village Clerk will be the person responsible for project administration of any project selected for implementation. FEMA has the authority to approve or deny mitigation projects applied for under their agency’s mitigation programs. Evaluation In this plan, several potential mitigation projects are identified; however, it is not designed to have an all-inclusive list of projects. It is designed to be a living document which can be adapted to the landscape as conditions change through each successive formal adoption. This means that this plan should be amended, revised and updated as new projects or critical infrastructure are identified and prioritized and participating communities. There is a requirement to review and update this plan every five years. To do this, communities will follow the same procedure that Hall County will utilize in its mitigation plan updates, which is detailed starting on page 46 of the County portion of this report. There are also evaluation, update, and revision worksheets which have been included in this plan as Appendix A to assist with this process. 99 Grand Island Regular Meeting - 5/4/2016 Page 132 / 228 Cairo The table below shows the input provided at the initial public meeting of perceived probability, risk and impact. Due to the geographical proximity, the following hazard types were not considered due to there being no likelihood of occurring in Nebraska: volcanic eruptions, avalanches, hurricanes, tidal surges, and tsunamis. Survey Cairo 2013 Dam Failure Earth- quake Drought Flood Summer Storm Land slide Winter Storm Tornado/ Wind Wildfire Crime/ Terror Hazmat Probability Unlikely Unlikely Likely Likely Likely Unlikely Likely Likely Unlikely Likely Likely Risk Low Low Low Med High Low Med High Med Low Low Impact 0 0 2 1 5 0 5 5 2 1 1 Survey Criteria Definition Based on history, what is the likelihood this type of event will happen again?Probability Likely or Unlikely What is Risk of Damage/Injuries, Etc?Risk High, Medium, Low The severity level to which the event will impact residents of the County.Impact (5=Full, 0=None) Although there is a small risk for earthquakes, wildfires, and landslides, the threat and associated risk for these hazards is not high enough and there are no realistic or feasible mitigation action which can be taken to reduce the level of risk. According to the database of dams maintained by the Nebraska Department of Natural Resources, there are no dams upstream of Cairo; therefore, dam failure is not considered further for Cairo. The National Climatic Data Center and Nebraska Forest Service lists no records of wildfire for Hall County. Additionally, the citizens did not rank these hazards high enough to warrant detailed discussion in this plan. This may change in future updates. Disaster History Severe Weather July 22, 1995: 1¾-inch hail caused $50,000 in property damage and $2.2 million in crop damage in and east of Cairo. July 7, 1996: 92 mph (80 knots, as recorded) wind gusts in and around Cairo caused $40,000 in property damage and $1 million in crop damage. June 15, 1997: 70 mph winds caused $30,000 in property damage and $150,000 crop damage in and around Cairo. The same event contained large hail (¾-inch), and propelled by the high winds caused $100,000 in property damage and $1 million in crop damage in, south, and west of Cairo. June 20, 1997: 75 mph winds caused $40,000 in property damage in town, especially related to falling trees and limbs. 100 Grand Island Regular Meeting - 5/4/2016 Page 133 / 228 May 26, 2002: Very strong winds developed northwest of Grand Island and roared at nearly 80 mph through the Village of Cairo. Windows were blown out of several cars and roofs were blown off a couple of businesses. Property damage was placed at $150,000 with an additional $100,000 in surrounding crop damage. June 19, 2002: 12 to 15 large trees were pushed over by winds of about 60 mph. May 4, 2003: 2¾-inch hail blown by strong winds caused and estimate $200,000 in property damage in Cairo. Severe damage was noted at the golf course and to nearby houses and vehicles. May 10, 2005: 1¾-inch hail propelled by wind gusts over 60 mph was reported north of Cairo. Baseball sized hail was reported near Centura High School. Property damage was estimated at $100,000. Tornado On June 11, 1997, severe thunderstorms developed in central Nebraska and moved south. These storms dropped hail up to the size of tennis balls and produced winds up to 80 mph. Damage to crops and property extended from near Ord to near Doniphan. Brief weak tornadoes were reported near Rockville and near Doniphan. A stronger F1 tornado set down near Cairo and moved southeast. A farmhouse was severely damaged. All told, property damage for these tornadoes was placed at $750,000 with an additional $100,000 in crop damage. Flood The Nebraska Department of Natural Resources maintains a record of historic flood events. The only flood record which lists Cairo occurred on June 25, 1968. In this event, the only available information is that Prairie Creek crested at 9.7 feet at Highway 2 east of Cairo. The current floodplain map for Cairo also shows the Village’s only regulated floodplain for Dry Creek north of Highway 2 and north of Kansas Street. As defined by FEMA’s repetitive loss list, there are no repetitive flood loss properties in Cairo. Drought NCDC reports three drought events since 1950 for Hall County: in 2000, 2002 and 2012. Both of these droughts appear to have been agricultural droughts with the most impact to growing crops. Although Alda is situated in an area which has been directly impacted by a drought, there are no indications that the Village has ever been materially impacted by a drought. Probability of Future Hazard Events It should be expected that Cairo will continue to be impacted by annually severe weather in summer and winter. In these events, it should be expected to witness high winds, and intense rain in the summer on an annual basis, and large snowfalls, ice, and bitter windchills in the winter annually. Less common, but also probable every 2-3 years are instances of large hail, blizzards and/ice storms. Although it is certainly possible, it is less likely that Cairo will be impacted by a tornado given its relatively small area. Also, considering the lack of floodplain for the main population center of the town, flood damage is less likely; however, intense warm season rainfall events, as seen in recent events of 2008 and 2010 can cause stormwater-related problems due to the flat topography of the area, particularly north of Hwy 2 and the BNSR railroad tracks. 101 Grand Island Regular Meeting - 5/4/2016 Page 134 / 228 Past Hazard Mitigation Efforts The Village of Cairo participates and is in good standing in the National Flood Insurance Program (NFIP). The initial identification for Cairo’s floodplain map was completed on May 24, 1974. The Village became eligible for the Emergency Phase of the NFIP on July 24, 1975 and received its first map on December 12, 1975. The Village entered the Regular Phase of the NFIP on June 20, 1978. Revised flood mapping for insurance rating purposes has been completed by FEMA and included with the package of maps available for Hall County (Map Number 31079C) effective September 26, 2008. A new outdoor warning siren was installed in downtown Cairo in 2010. Vulnerability Assessment According to an assessment completed by the Nebraska Department of Natural Resources in March of 2013, there are 375 total structures in Cairo and the structures are broken out below by type, and the count is: 322 residences 30 businesses 14 (at least) out buildings large enough to be seen on aerial photographs 5 publicly-owned structures: the municipal building and school 4 church/non-profit building According to the Nebraska Department of Property Assessment and Taxation, the total assessed taxable value for Cairo in 2013 was $33,650,698. Broken out by significant property types, this is: Residential real property: $ 27,301,936 (81.1%) Commercial real property: $ 3,629,543 (10.8%) Agricultural Land and homes/outbuildings: $ 35,499 ( 0.1%) Commercial/Industrial personal property: $ 412,093 ( 1.2%) Public service corporation real and personal: $ 217,178 ( 0.7%) Railroad real and personal property: $ 2,054,449 ( 6.1%) Industrial real property: $ -0- ( 0.0%) Agricultural personal property: $ -0- ( 0.0%) Recreational real property: $ -0- ( .00%) The entire structure stock is vulnerable to the severe weather, tornado, and drought hazard. This means that, as of 2013, there is $33,650,698 in at-risk assets for these hazard types. In the structural inventory completed by the Corps of Engineers, 13 properties were found to be located in a regulated floodplain in Cairo’s extraterritorial zoning jurisdiction. NDNR’s inventory in the corporate limits found five properties in a regulated floodplain. The valuation of the 13 floodplain properties found by the Corps of Engineers is $706,665, or 2.1% of the total valuation of Cairo and its zoning jurisdiction. 102 Grand Island Regular Meeting - 5/4/2016 Page 135 / 228 Figure 13 - Cairo Flood Plain The Figure above shows the floodplain of Dry Creek, as shown on the current effective floodplain maps. Using the structural inventory from Figure 1, it can be demonstrated that there are four out buildings and one business (Centura Hills Golf Course club house). Using an average valuation for the different structure types, it is estimated that the total assets vulnerable to flooding in Cairo is: Average Approximate Per structure Number Value Damage Value Commercial:$ 113,000 1 $ 113,000 $ 29,380 Out buildings:$ 30,000 4 $ 120,000 $ 124,800 TOTAL $ 220,000 $ 154,180 For the out buildings estimate, an average value was determined based on the quality of structure and size. For the residential and apartment estimate, the City assessed value average per- structure was used. Commercial valuation is an approximation based on the size and quality of the structure. After the total at-risk value of the structures was determined, the estimated damage value was determined by taking that value and multiplying it by 20%. Then a 30% damage to contents value was added to each figure. Both percentages are taken from the National Flood Insurance Program depth-damage curves for two-foot depth of flooding, which would be the maximum depth of flooding expected for most structures in the floodplain. Figure 3 shows the critical facilities, as identified by the Village and supplemented with various federal databases. Critical facilities are those structures which will be essential for returning the 103 Grand Island Regular Meeting - 5/4/2016 Page 136 / 228 Village functions to normal after a disaster (“Civic”), are vital for disaster response and sheltering (“Shelter”), and are essential for public health and safety (“Lifeline Utility”). Critical facilities can also be economic (“Financial”) because the loss of a major employer or the loss of the Village’s main source(s) of revenue will greatly hinder recovery. The critical facilities identified are: Civic: Fire & Rescue/Village Hall building Sheltering: Christ Lutheran Church, First Baptist Church, Cairo Community Center, Centura Public School (Howard County). Financial: Pump & Pantry, Pathway Bank Lifeline Utility: Water tower Critical facilities in a floodplain: None Figure 14 - Cairo Outdoor Sirens The Figure above shows the potential ranges of the outdoor warning sirens in Cairo,. As shown by the figure, the main town of Cairo is in the shaded area. The development north of the golf course is approximately ¾ mile in a directly line from the siren. It must be recognized that these are outdoor warning sirens which are designed to alert residents who are outside and in close proximity to the sirens. They are not designed to warn persons indoors at-distance, traveling in vehicles, or in noisy environments. In addition, a warning system works best if there are operational redundancies – meaning that it is always safer to have additional sirens in a network in case a siren malfunctions or is destroyed. An additional consideration is that periods during which warning sirens are needed are often noisy in themselves with high wind, intense rain, and hail which all act to reduce peoples’ ability to hear the sirens. It is easier to hear a warning for people who are downwind of the siren. 104 Grand Island Regular Meeting - 5/4/2016 Page 137 / 228 The Figure above shows the areas of new development which is most likely to occur in the next five to ten years. The exposure of all development for severe winter storms, severe summer storms, and tornadoes is the same now and will be the same in the future. The only hazard which is able to be modified by human behavior or activity is flooding. Since the majority of Cairo is situated outside of a regulated floodplain, it is unlikely that new development will take place in a floodplain area. However, since Cairo is in good standing in the Regular Phase of the National Flood Insurance Program, future development which does take place in a regulated floodplain will be completed in compliance with the Village’s floodplain management ordinance. Mitigation Alternatives Cairo’s planning goals are the same as the goals for the county portion of the plan. GOALS: 1) Reduce or prevent future damage from natural hazard events, 2) Increase public safety 105 Figure 15 - Cairo Future Development Grand Island Regular Meeting - 5/4/2016 Page 138 / 228 To address these goals, mitigation alternatives were suggested in the public meeting and prioritized by the Cairo Village Board. Prioritization Cairo prioritized the mitigation alternatives according to the “STAPLE(E)” procedure (Social acceptability, Technical feasibility, Administrative capability of local government, Political acceptability, Legal authority to implement, Economic justification, and Environmental acceptability). In addition, alternatives were prioritized based on the community’s goals and planning objectives. At its discretion, Cairo may choose to not implement any of the proposed mitigation projects at this time with the realization that future events may change this stance as well as the prioritization of projects. Projects sponsored for implementation will follow a public process. 1) Maintain good standing in the National Flood Insurance Program Objective 1: Continue to regulate development in floodplain areas. Funding sources and potential cost: No funding needed, no cost. 2) Reduce impacts of stormwater problems Objective 2: Complete a drainage study -Action 2.1: Given the flat topography in the area, drainage will always be a problem – especially for intense warm weather rainfall events. A drainage study is needed in Alda to help the Village make wise land use decisions, to identify where existing drainage infrastructure is weak, and to identify ways to address these weaknesses. A drainage study has the potential to also identify good flood mitigation projects which could be funded using FEMA’s mitigation programs. Funding sources and potential cost: Central Platte NRD, Community Development Block Grant, Village – cost varies widely on scope and community size 3) Reduce damages caused by downed tree limbs Objective 3: Reduce the duration or eliminate power outages from severe weather. Overhead power lines are vulnerable to collapse from icing in the cold weather months and from high winds or tree limbs falling on power lines in warm weather months. -Action 3.1: Initiate a power line burying project. Funding sources and potential cost: FEMA’s Hazard Mitigation Grant Program or Pre-Disaster Mitigation Program could provide up to 75% of the project cost. The remaining cost might be shared with the Public Power District, Village, or property owners. -Action 3.2: Write to the Nebraska Forest Service and request a tree inventory. An inventory is especially helpful in mitigation planning for communities which experience regular tree-related damages. An inventory can identify problem trees and recommend changes to the way a community administer a local tree management program (i.e., through a Tree Board or Park Board). Problematic areas of tree limbs with power lines could be addressed as a priority. Funding sources and potential cost: Free -Action 3.3: The Village Board could create a regulation requiring underground utilities for all new development. 106 Grand Island Regular Meeting - 5/4/2016 Page 139 / 228 Funding sources and potential cost: No funding needed, no cost. 4) Ensure adequate severe weather notifications to critical facilities Objective 4: Purchasing or education of a weather radio -Action 4.1: For Village-owned critical facilities, the Village should consider purchasing a weather radio to be used in each facility for the rapid dissemination of a severe weather warning. - Action 4.2: In areas of the Village has noisy manufacturing facilities which may not hear tornado sirens, the Village could inform the owners of these facilities of the option that they could purchase a weather radio. Funding sources and potential cost: Village of Cairo, local businesses. Approximate cost about $30 per radio. Goal: 3) Increase Public Education There are no explicit objectives or actions for this goal; however, there is an implicit action related to this goal for above actions which will require public participation. Activities for this goal are found in the County portion of this document since the likely lead or assisting agency will be the Hall County Emergency Management Agency. Implementation To start implementation, determining which projects should be submitted for funding will be based on a FEMA-approved cost-benefit method. This means that proposed projects would need to be reviewed for cost effectiveness with the assistance of state emergency management or floodplain management personnel. Unless otherwise delegated, the Village Clerk will be the person responsible for project administration of any project selected for implementation. FEMA has the authority to approve or deny mitigation projects applied for under their agency’s mitigation programs. Evaluation In this plan, several potential mitigation projects are identified; however, it is not designed to have an all-inclusive list of projects. It is designed to be a living document which can be adapted to the landscape as conditions change. This means that this plan should be revised and updated as new projects are identified and prioritized and participating communities. There is a requirement to review and update this plan every five years. To do this, communities will follow the same procedure that Hall County will utilize in its mitigation plan updates, which is detailed starting on page 46 of the County portion of this report. There are also evaluation, update, and revision worksheets which have been included in this plan as Appendix A to assist with this process. 107 Grand Island Regular Meeting - 5/4/2016 Page 140 / 228 Doniphan The table below shows the input provided at the initial public meeting of perceived probability, risk and impact. Due to the geographical proximity, the following hazard types were not considered due to there being no likelihood of occurring in Nebraska: volcanic eruptions, avalanches, hurricanes, tidal surges, and tsunamis. Doniphan 2013 Dam Failure Earth- quake Drought Flood Summer Storm Land slide Winter Storm Tornado/ Wind Wildfire Crime/ Terror Hazmat Probability Unlikely Unlikely Likely Unlikely Likely Unlikely Likely Likely Unlikely Likely Unlikely Risk Low Low Low Low High Low Med High Low Low Low Impact 0 0 2 1 5 0 5 5 2 3 0 Survey Criteria Definition Based on history, what is the likelihood this type of event will happen again?Probability Likely or Unlikely What is Risk of Damage/Injuries, Etc?Risk High, Medium, Low The severity level to which the event will impact residents of the County.Impact (5=Full, 0=None) In the following sections, only the hazard types which have a significant likelihood of occurring or have a reason to potentially occur are listed. These types are: severe weather (summer and winter), tornado, flood, and drought. Doniphan is situated at the drainage divide for the Platte River and Blue River systems; therefore, there are no upstream dams which could fail and impact the Village. Although there is a small risk for earthquakes, wildfires, and landslides, the threat and associated risk for these hazards is not high enough and there are no realistic or feasible mitigation action which can be taken to reduce the level of risk. The National Climatic Data Center and Nebraska Forest Service lists no records of wildfire for Hall County. Additionally, the citizens did not rank these hazards high enough to warrant detailed discussion in this plan. This may change in future updates. Disaster History Flood Flood plain maps show an area of floodplain which enters town from the southwest at Pine Street and Highway 281, then turns north to flow just west of 6th Street, then north between the Caterpillar plant and the residential development before continuing north to the Platte River. 108 Grand Island Regular Meeting - 5/4/2016 Page 141 / 228 Figure 16 - Doniphan Flood Plain As defined by FEMA’s repetitive loss list, there are no repetitive flood loss properties in Doniphan. There is one residence listed in unincorporated Hall County with a Doniphan address, located in the “Amick Acres” subdivision northwest of the Village of Doniphan. Severe Weather May 16, 1996: Winds of 55 mph caused $1000 in undisclosed property damage. June 21, 1996: Hail of ¾ inch diameter caused $5000 in property damage in Doniphan. August 17, 1999: Severe thunderstorms packing high winds and some hail ripped across Hall County. Most of the region received 2-3 inches of rain in less than one hour. Intense straight-line winds over 65 mph damaged homes five miles west of Doniphan, tossing grain bins and out buildings like toys. May 7, 2000: Walnut sized hail (1½ inch) fell near Doniphan. May 5, 2002: Severe thunderstorms produced large hail of up to 2¾ inch diameter, causing significant and widespread damage from Doniphan to east of Grand Island. Dozens of roofs and windows were heavily damaged just west of Doniphan as tennis ball sized hail lasted ten minutes. Total property damage from this event was estimated at $1 million. March 30, 2006: Walnut sized hail blown by 75 mph wind gusts was reported northeast of Doniphan. April 6, 2006: Hail of up to 1 inch diameter was blown by 65 mph winds northeast of Doniphan May 23, 2006: 1-inch hail fell in Doniphan, and the same storm brought 80 mph winds December 30, 2006: The “New Years Ice Storm” left thousands without power. As a result of this event, the Village hooked up a generator to the Village’s Maintenance Shop and offered people without electricity a place to congregate, stay warm, and eat. Tornado No tornadoes have been found to have directly-impacted Doniphan; however, tornadoes are common in Hall County, and they have been seen near Doniphan. June 11, 1997: An outbreak of weak F0 tornadoes in Hall County caused $50,000 in crop damage from Ord to near Doniphan. The closest one to Doniphan was 4 miles north of town. 109 Grand Island Regular Meeting - 5/4/2016 Page 142 / 228 October 29, 2000: A funnel cloud spotted one mile north of Doniphan was a part of a system which spawned an F3 tornado that destroyed farmsteads in Merrick and Nance County. Drought NCDC reports three drought events since 1950 for Hall County: in 2000, 2002 and 2012. Both of these droughts appear to have been agricultural droughts with the most impact to growing crops. Although Doniphan is situated in an area which has been directly impacted by a drought, there are no indications that the Village has ever been materially impacted by a drought. Probability of Future Hazard Events It is expected that Doniphan will be impacted by annually severe weather. In these events, it should be expected to witness high winds, and intense rain in the summer, and large snowfalls, ice, and bitter windchills in the winter. Less likely, but probably every few years is large hail, blizzards and ice storms. Although it is certainly possible, it is less likely that Doniphan will be directly impacted by a tornado given its relatively small size Flooding instances are extremely rare as very little of Doniphan developed land is located in flood plain areas, though surrounding areas and roads may see instances of flooding or inundation. Past Hazard Mitigation Efforts The Village of Doniphan participates and is in good standing in the National Flood Insurance Program (NFIP). The initial floodplain map for Doniphan went effective on January 24, 1975 and the Village joined the Emergency Phase of the NFIP on January 14, 1976. Participation in the Regular Phase of the NFIP occurred on August 8, 1978. Doniphan’s floodplain map was rescinded on August 4, 1987, which means that it was later determined that the low level of flood risk did warrant the administrative cost to maintain the maps by the Federal Emergency Management Agency. Flood mapping for insurance rating purposes has been completed by FEMA and included with the package of maps available for Hall County (Map Number 31079C) effective September 26, 2008. Doniphan continues to participate as is in good standing in the National Flood Insurance Program. These maps show an area of floodplain which enters town from the southwest at Pine Street and Highway 281, then turns north to flow just west of 6th Street, then north between the Caterpillar plant and the residential development before continuing north to the Platte River. Doniphan has also been a Tree City USA community since 1995. Vulnerability Assessment According to an assessment completed by the Nebraska Department of Natural Resources in March of 2013, there are 348 total structures in Doniphan and below the structures are broken out by type, and the count is: 294 residences 34 businesses 9 (at least) out buildings large enough to be seen on aerial photographs 8 publicly-owned structures, including the municipal building, school, library 3 church or non-profit buildings 110 Grand Island Regular Meeting - 5/4/2016 Page 143 / 228 According to the Nebraska Department of Property Assessment and Taxation, the total assessed taxable value for Doniphan in 2013 was $39,237,524. Broken out by significant property types, this is: Residential real property: $ 28,490,948 (72.6%) Commercial real property: $ 6,551,223 (16.7%) Agricultural Land and homes/outbuildings: $ -0- ( 0.0%) Commercial/Industrial personal property: $ 1,821,936 ( 4.6%) Public service corporation real and personal: $ 504,660 ( 1.3%) Railroad real and personal property: $ -0- ( 0.0%) Industrial real property: $ 1,868,757 ( 4.8%) Agricultural personal property: $ -0- ( 0.0%) Recreational real property: $ -0- ( 0.0%) The entire structure stock is vulnerable to the severe weather, tornado, and drought hazard. This means that, as of 2013, there is $39,237,524 in at-risk assets for these hazard types. In the structural inventory completed by the Corps of Engineers, zero properties were found to be located in a regulated floodplain in Doniphan’s extraterritorial zoning jurisdiction. NDNR’s inventory in the corporate limits found one property in a regulated floodplain. Doniphan features an assortment of critical facilities, as identified by the Village and supplemented with various federal databases. Critical facilities are those structures which will be essential for returning the Village functions to normal after a disaster (“Civic”), are vital for disaster response and sheltering (“Shelter”), and are essential for public health and safety (“Lifeline Utility”). Critical facilities can also be economic (“Financial”) because the loss of a major employer or the loss of the Village’s main source(s) of revenue will greatly hinder recovery. The critical facilities identified are: Civic: Fire & Rescue, Village Hall building, Village Maintenance Shop Sheltering: Doniphan-Trumbull Public School, St. Ann’s Catholic Church, United Methodist Church, St. Paul Lutheran Church Financial: Prairie Winds Assisted Living Center, Nebraska Machinery Lifeline Utility: water tower 111 Grand Island Regular Meeting - 5/4/2016 Page 144 / 228 Figure 17 - Doniphan Outdoor Siren & Unincorporated Amick Acres Siren The Figure above shows the potential ranges of the outdoor warning sirens in Doniphan, with the yellow shading being a half-mile from each siren and red one mile from each siren. As shown by the figure, the majority of current development within the Doniphan corporate limits is in the yellow shaded area. It must be recognized, however, that these are outdoor warning sirens which are designed to alert residents who are outside and in close proximity to the sirens. They are not designed to warn persons indoors at-distance, traveling in vehicles, or in noisy environments. In addition, a warning system works best if there are operational redundancies – meaning that it is always safer to have additional sirens in a network in case a siren malfunctions or is destroyed. An additional consideration is that periods during which warning sirens are needed are often noisy in themselves with high wind, intense rain, and hail which all act to reduce peoples’ ability to hear the sirens. It is easier to hear a warning for people who are downwind of the siren. 112 Grand Island Regular Meeting - 5/4/2016 Page 145 / 228 Figure 18 shows the areas of new development which is most likely to occur in the next five to ten years. The vulnerability of all development – existing or future – is the same now and will be the same in the future for severe winter storms, severe summer storms, and tornadoes. The only hazard which is able to be modified by human behavior or activity is flooding. However, since there is very little developable area in or near Doniphan which is in a floodplain and since Doniphan is in good standing in the Regular Phase of the National Flood Insurance Program, any future floodplain development will be completed in compliance with the Village’s floodplain management ordinance. Mitigation Alternatives Doniphan’s planning goals are the same as the goals for the county portion of the plan. GOALS: 1) Reduce or prevent future damage from natural hazard events, 2) Increase public safety 113 Figure 18 - Doniphan Future Development Grand Island Regular Meeting - 5/4/2016 Page 146 / 228 To address these goals, mitigation alternatives were suggested in the public meeting and prioritized by the Doniphan Village Board. Prioritization Doniphan prioritized the mitigation alternatives according to the “STAPLE(E)” procedure (Social acceptability, Technical feasibility, Administrative capability of local government, Political acceptability, Legal authority to implement, Economic justification, and Environmental acceptability). In addition, alternatives were prioritized based on the community’s goals and planning objectives. At its discretion, Doniphan officials may choose to not implement any of the proposed mitigation projects at this time with the realization that future events may change this stance as well as the prioritization of projects. Projects sponsored for implementation will follow a public process. 1) Maintain good standing in the National Flood Insurance Program Objective 1: Continue to regulate development in floodplain areas. Funding sources and potential cost: No funding needed, no cost. 2)Identify and designate additional tornado shelters, publicize the locations of all public tornado shelters to increase public awareness – perhaps with a sign on the building. Objective 2: Provide emergency shelter(s) to which students or local residents would evacuate in the event of a tornado warning, especially those who live in vulnerable housing -Action 2.1: Create public shelters by retrofitting or new construction. FEMA has retrofitted schools and constructed all-new shelters in several places in the Midwest. However, most tornadoes occur in late-afternoon to early evening when a school might be closed for the day. Furthermore, it has been reported that public tornado shelters that are left open to the public are not used properly, with vandalism and use by vagrants as problems. At-risk structure types include mobile homes and slab-on-grade construction which has no basement. -Action 2.2: Promote and encourage constructing tornado shelters for vulnerable construction like manufactured home concentrations. Funding sources and potential cost: FEMA’s Pre-Disaster Mitigation program or Hazard Mitigation Grant Program for construction only– cost varies widely based on scope and design 3) Reduce damages caused by downed tree limbs Objective 3: Reduce the duration or eliminate power outages from severe weather. Overhead power lines are vulnerable to collapse from icing in the cold weather months and from high winds or tree limbs falling on power lines in warm weather months. -Action 3.1: Initiate a power line burying project. Funding sources and potential cost: FEMA’s Hazard Mitigation Grant Program or Pre-Disaster Mitigation Program could provide up to 75% of the project cost. The remaining cost might be shared with the Public Power District, City, or property owners. -Action 3.2: Write to the Nebraska Forest Service and request a tree inventory. An inventory is especially helpful in mitigation planning for communities which experience regular tree-related damages. An inventory can identify problem trees and recommend 114 Grand Island Regular Meeting - 5/4/2016 Page 147 / 228 changes to the way a community administer a local tree management program (i.e., through a Tree Board or Park Board). Problematic areas of tree limbs with power lines could be addressed as a priority. Funding sources and potential cost: Free 4) Ensure adequate severe weather notifications to critical facilities Objective 4: Purchasing or education of a weather radio -Action 4.1: For public critical facilities, the Village should consider purchasing a weather radio to be used in each facility for the rapid dissemination of a severe weather warning. - Action 4.2: If the Village has noisy manufacturing facilities which may not hear tornado sirens, the Village could inform the owners of these facilities of the option that they could purchase a weather radio. Funding sources and potential cost: Village of Doniphan, local businesses. Approximate cost about $30 per radio. Goal: 3) Increase Public Education There are no explicit objectives or actions for this goal; however, there is an implicit action related to this goal for above actions which will require public participation. Activities for this goal are found in the County portion of this document since the likely lead or assisting agency will be the Hall County Emergency Management Agency. Implementation To start implementation, determining which projects should be submitted for funding will be based on a FEMA-approved cost-benefit method. This means that proposed projects would need to be reviewed for cost effectiveness with the assistance of state emergency management or floodplain management personnel. Unless otherwise delegated, the Village Clerk will be the person responsible for project administration of any project selected for implementation. FEMA has the authority to approve or deny mitigation projects applied for under their agency’s mitigation programs. Evaluation In this plan, several potential mitigation projects are identified; however, it is not designed to have an all-inclusive list of projects. It is designed to be a living document which can be adapted to the landscape as conditions change. This means that this plan should be revised and updated as new projects are identified and prioritized and participating communities. There is a requirement to review and update this plan every five years. To do this, communities will follow the same procedure that Hall County will utilize in its mitigation plan updates, which is detailed starting on page 46 of the County portion of this report. There are also evaluation, update, and revision worksheets which have been included in this plan as Appendix A to assist with this process. 115 Grand Island Regular Meeting - 5/4/2016 Page 148 / 228 Grand Island The table below shows the input provided at the initial public meeting of perceived probability, risk and impact. Due to the geographical proximity, the following hazard types were not considered due to there being no likelihood of occurring in Nebraska: volcanic eruptions, avalanches, hurricanes, tidal surges, and tsunamis. Survey Grand Island 2013 Dam Failure Earth- quake Drought Flood Summer Storm Land slide Winter Storm Tornado/ Wind Wildfire Crime/ Terror Hazmat Probability Unlikely Unlikely Likely Likely Likely Unlikely Likely Likely Unlikely Likely Unlikely Risk Low Low Low Med High Low High High Med Low Med Impact 2 0 2 3 4 0 4 5 2 3 2 Survey Criteria Definition Based on history, what is the likelihood this type of event will happen again?Probability Likely or Unlikely What is Risk of Damage/Injuries, Etc?Risk High, Medium, Low The severity level to which the event will impact residents of the County.Impact (5=Full, 0=None) The above table shows the input provided at the initial public meeting. Due to the geographical proximity, the following hazard types were not considered due to there being no likelihood of occurring in Nebraska: volcanic eruptions, avalanches, hurricanes, tidal surges, and tsunamis. In the following sections, only the hazard types which have a significant likelihood of occurring or have a reason to potentially occur are listed. These types are: severe weather (summer and winter), tornado, flood, and drought. Although there is a small risk for earthquakes, wildfires, and landslides, the threat and associated risk for these hazards is not high enough and there are no realistic or feasible mitigation action which can be taken to reduce the level of risk. The National Climatic Data Center and Nebraska Forest Service lists no records of wildfire for Hall County. Additionally, the citizens did not rank these hazards high enough to warrant detailed discussion in this plan. This may change in future updates. Disaster History Flood On June 20, 1947, Wood River came up and flooded Stolley State Park. Water was over Highway 2 for one mile. Damage was estimated at $5,000. On June 10, 1949, $219,000 was caused by Wood River flooding. Woodland and Riverside golf courses recorded significant damage. 116 Grand Island Regular Meeting - 5/4/2016 Page 149 / 228 The most extensive flood event to impact Hall County, resulting from a long period of excessive rainfall in May and June of 1967. From June 7 to 15, more than 10 inches fell, but the main culprit for the flooding was the 3.2 inches which fell on June 13th. The Wood River crested at six feet (3.5 foot flood stage) and was flowing at 25,000 cubic feet per second. Three people were killed, 1800 buildings were flooded, and 11,000 of the City’s 28,600 residents were directly impacted. Prairie Creek, Silver Creek, and Moores Creek flooded 62 residences and 7 businesses on the north side of the City. Total damage in Grand Island was set at $6.25 million ($38.2 million in 2006 dollars). This flood event was a part of the larger Platte River valley flood, which saw total damage at $49,309,015 – of which $40.8 million was private damage ($23 million agricultural damage, $12 million transportation damage, and $5 million classified as “urban” damage), and $8.5 million was public damage. On May 11 and 12, 2005, 7.21 inches of rain fell in a 24-hour period with 7.16 inches of the total falling from 4pm on the 11th to 4am on the 12th. These rainfall totals eclipsed the previous 25- hour rainfall record of 5.88 inches and the previous 12-hour rainfall record of 5.65 inches. Officials from the High Plains Regional Climate Center claimed that this intense rain event was equal to a 100-year storm. An incredible 6.38 inches of rain fell in the six-hour period from 7pm to 1 am. Thirty-six homes were evacuated in Grand Island as flooding was rampant over the west and north part of the city. The city's sewer system handled about 75 million gallons of water, or about 6 times the normal amount during the storm. Many parts of the business and residential districts sustained flood damage as the Prairie, Silver, and Moores Creeks flooded. On the southern end of town, the newly-completed Wood River Diversion project prevented the vast majority of the damage. Without the project, it was estimated that the extent of the 2005 flood would have equaled the 1967 flood. On July 10, 2006, afternoon and evening thunderstorms produced heavy rains, which caused urban flooding. Property damage was estimated at $20,000. On July 29, 2007, thunderstorms 5.07 inches of rain on Grand Island. This caused flooding in the northwest part of Grand Island with total property damage set at $75,000. On August 22, 2007, flooding on the south side of town washed a car off the road into a ditch. In addition to the heavy rain, 80 mph wind gusts, hail, and brief small tornadoes occurred in south central Nebraska. Damage estimate for Grand Island was placed at $50,000. In May and June of 2008, the Prairie and Silver Creeks flooded north and northwest of Grand Island, including the northwest corner of the City itself following several inches of rain. Heavy winds and rains caused damage to trees and run off in the City that resulted damage to public infrastructure, the failure of sanitary sewer lift stations in Grand Island and water damage was reported in over 100 homes. Hall County was later declared a federal disaster area (FEMA- 1770-NE-DR). 117 Grand Island Regular Meeting - 5/4/2016 Page 150 / 228 Figure 19: Flooding and Water Reports, FEMA 1770-NE-DR As defined by FEMA’s repetitive loss list, there are two repetitive flood loss properties with Grand Island addresses although one of those addresses does not appear to be a valid Grand Island address. The other is a private residence. Severe Weather There have been so many instances of severe weather events impacting Grand Island that only the ones with significant damage or unusual weather phenomena are listed below. August 5, 1995: 80 mph winds caused $100,000 in undisclosed property damage. Hail of 2 inches in diameter also caused more than $1.5 million in property damage. June 20, 1997: A thunderstorm developed north of Kearney and moved east through Grand Island. Strong winds, over 75 mph, caused property damage in the area set at $40,000. July 7, 1997: 1-inch hail along with very heavy rain and high winds caused $150,000 in damage. August 21, 1997: 1-inch hail broke windows and damage numerous cars. Damage: $100,000. August 15, 1999: Severe thunderstorms early in the evening left a narrow path of wind damage from south of Kearney to the Grand Island area. Wind gusts of 60 to 80 mph damaged buildings, trees and downed several power lines. In Grand Island, a couple of garages were damaged, trees uprooted and about 5,000 people were left without electricity for a short time. Total property damage was estimated at $50,000. April 22, 2001: a microburst near the mall in Grand Island damaged several trees, signs and knocked over one light post. Damage was estimated at $10,000. May 5, 2002: 3-inch hail devastated an area from Doniphan to east of Grand Island. Total property damage was established as $2 million; however, it is unclear how much of that damage occurred in Grand Island. 118 Grand Island Regular Meeting - 5/4/2016 Page 151 / 228 June 19, 2002: 70 mph winds tore the roof off the gymnasium at the R-1 school five miles north of Grand Island. Damage estimate: $16,000. May 4, 2003: Golf ball sized hail in Grand Island caused $250,000 in property damage. May 13, 2003: Severe thunderstorms formed northwest of Grand Island during the afternoon and evening hours. A sign was destroyed, minor tree damage was reported, and some small sheds were damaged. Damage estimate: $100,000. April 18, 2004: 60 mph winds broke a light pole at an auto dealership and damaged four vehicles as it fell to the ground. Damage to the vehicles along was estimated at $14,000. May 16, 2004: 70 mph winds caused $30,000 to trees and power infrastructure. May 21, 2004: Golf ball sized hail in Grand Island caused $25,000 damage. May 10, 2005: 70 mph winds near the airport destroyed a construction trailer. Minor damage was reported southeast of town. Damage: $25,000. 1¾ inch hail caused an additional $100,000 in property damage. May 11/12, 2005: In addition to the intense rain and flooding, the severe storms also brought large hail driven by high winds. Officials estimated that 2800 homes and businesses had damage in Grand Island. June 15, 2006: There were numerous reports of trees down blocking roads and knocking out power. Some of the trees fell on homes. Damage: $20,000. June 24, 2006: Penny to golf ball sized hail fell in and around Grand Island, causing $30,000 in property damage. Tornado Grand Island has the unfortunate distinction of having been hit with one of Nebraska’s worst tornado outbreaks. The outbreak took place on June 3, 1980, and the twisters devastated entire sections of Grand Island – especially the City’s northwest and north central residential areas, as well as the southern business district. Depending on the accounts, between 5 and 15 tornadoes between 7:45pm on the 3rd to 1:30am on the 4th. The National Climatic Data Center reports 13 tornadoes with four of them rated as F1, three as F2, three as F3, and three as F4. The tornadoes killed five people, injured more than 400, and caused $300 million in damage. The destruction covered more than 150 city blocks, including losses to 357 homes, 33 mobile homes, 85 apartments, and 49 businesses. This event has been turned into book and a television movie (“Night of the Twisters”), and was studied by a special team of research scientists, including Professor T. Theodore Fujita himself. This tornado outbreak captivated scientists because the storm included both cyclonic and anticyclonic tornadoes. On August 5, 1995, an F0 tornado came within five miles west of Grand Island. On August 4, 1996, a severe thunderstorm produced a brief tornado touchdown southwest of Grand Island. Funnel clouds were also observed just south and east of town. On May 13, 2003, funnel clouds were reported in the Grand Island area, but no tornado was confirmed. Drought NCDC reports three drought events since 1950 for Hall County: in 2000, 2002 and 2012. Both of these droughts appear to have been agricultural droughts with the most impact to growing 119 Grand Island Regular Meeting - 5/4/2016 Page 152 / 228 crops. Although Grand Island is situated in an area which has been directly impacted by a drought, there are no indications that the City has ever been materially impacted by a drought. See Drought 2012 Information from above Probability of Future Hazard Events Given the historical patterns of annual severe weather events each year as shown throughout this plan, Grand Island expects at least one lesser impact incident each year. In these lesser impact, even almost routine events, it should be expected to witness thunderstorms, high winds, and intense rain in the summer, and large snowfalls, ice, and bitter windchills in the winter. Les likely, but probable every few years are instances if large hail, blizzards and ice storms. Flooding along the northwest portions of Grand Island have been relatively routine (occurring every 2-3 years), but have become less probable with the construction of the Prairie, Silver and Moore Creek mitigation project that, while yet incomplete, has already begun to show benefits to this area. Recent heavy rain events since 2012, which should have repeated previous flooding incidents, failed to rise to historic flood levels. This improvement is attributed to the partially completed detention cells already retaining water well. Grand Island can expect to have one tornado within 25 miles annually each year and due to its relatively large geographic foot print, it is moderately probable that a tornado can strike directly inside the City. Although it is certainly possible, it is less likely that Grand Island will be directly impacted by a drought as these historically tend to occur every 8-10 years. Past Hazard Mitigation Efforts National Flood Insurance Program The City of Grand Island participates and is in good standing in the National Flood Insurance Program (NFIP). The initial identification for the floodplain map for Grand Island was completed on April 5, 1974 and the City became eligible for the Emergency Phase of the NFIP on March 14, 1975. Flood Hazard Boundary Map revisions were incorporated onto the map dated September 3, 1976. The boundary map was converted to a Flood Insurance Rate Map on March 2, 1983, which was also the date that Grand Island became eligible for the Regular Phase of the NFIIP. Revised flood mapping for insurance rating purposes has been completed by FEMA and included with the package of maps available for Hall County (Map Number 31079C) effective September 26, 2008 this package contains all of the updates due to the Wood River Diversion Project. Wood River Diversion The Wood River Flood Control Project was dedicated in spring of 2004. The 300-foot wide diversion channel diverts excess water from the Wood River and Warm Slough to the east and into the Platte River. This project provides flood control protection for 1500 homes and businesses. The project was tested by the May 11 and 12, 2005, flood event, when 7.21 inches of rain fell in a 24-hour period. From a hydrological standpoint, this event would have resulted in a flood similar to the devastating 1967 flood; however, the Project functioned as designed, and flood damages were minimal for the protected area. The Central Platte Natural Resources District estimated that the $17 million project paid for itself in this event, less than one year after dedication. The project was sponsored by CPNRD and was funded 42.5% by CPNRD, 35% by 120 Grand Island Regular Meeting - 5/4/2016 Page 153 / 228 City of Grand Island, 11.25% Hall County, and 11.25% Merrick County. The project was constructed by the US Army Corps of Engineers, and the Natural Resources Development Fund (administered by the Nebraska Department of Natural Resources) provided the 60% of the non- federal share of the planning. Prairie/Silver/Moores Creek Flood Control Project In May of 2000, the CPNRD and City of Grand Island contracted out to perform a detailed hydrologic analysis of northern and western Grand Island. The analysis also included an evaluation of options for reducing flood damages and to present a preferred alternative. An engineering firm was selected in September of 2005 to provide engineering services for the design and oversight of the flood control project. The flood control project is designed in three phases, expecting to be completed in 2017. Construction of Phase 1 began in January of 2007. The phases are: Phase 1 – Silver Creek Low Land Stormwater Detention Cells The first phase of the project is the construction of four large floodwater detention cells along the Silver Creek channel with a total excavation near 4.5 million cubic yards of earth. The cell design includes the lowering and re-grading of Silver Creek for more then two miles. The detention cells will detain stormwater runoff in excess of the 2-year storm. A 3’ x 3’ concrete box culvert will be used as the outlet and will release the water from the cells at a rate equal to the 2-year storm. A second 3’ x 6’ gated box culvert will be used for rapid draw down of the cells. A berm is being placed around the cells, approximately 2 foot above existing ground, to provide sufficient capacity to detain runoff from the 100-year storm with a 1-foot freeboard. Phase 2 – Basin Divide and Silver/Moores Creek Diversion Channel A diversion channel that will connect Silver Creek to Moores Creek and a levee that will prevent flood water from flowing from one basin the adjacent basin. The stormwater released from the cells when combined with runoff excess, flows from the Prairie Creek and will cause flooding within the city of Grand Island. This levee will be designed to meet the requirements set forth by FEMA. A diversion channel will be constructed to divert water from Silver Creek to the Moores Creek floodway. Phase 3 – Upland Dams and Prairie/Silver Creek Channel A series of upland detention dams and an overflow channel from Prairie Creek to Silver Creek. The exact locations of the detention sites will be finalized in the final design phase of this project. Several sites are available and will be evaluated after geological investigations have been completed. The channel between Prairie and Silver Creek will serve to carry excess flows from Prairie Creek to Silver Creek. Floodplain Buyouts The City of Grand Island has acquired and demolished two floodprone properties near the Platte Generating Station. Prairie Creek Clearing Although the Prairie Creek Flood Control Project had a local effect, damages could be reduced on Prairie Creek by keeping the channel clear. Projects have been completed from the mouth of 121 Grand Island Regular Meeting - 5/4/2016 Page 154 / 228 Prairie Creek in Merrick County to the Hall-Buffalo county line. Annual maintenance cost to CPNRD is $10,000. Moores Creek Flood Control Project Project sponsors of the feasibility study for the flood control on Moores Creek include CPNRD, the City of Grand Island, Merrick County and Hall County. The three-phase project consisted of channel improvements, construction of three detention/retention and wildlife habitat enhancement cells, and construction of waterways and bridges to enable storm runoff. Annual maintenance cost is estimated at $20,000. Emergency Snow Route Grand Island has instituted emergency snow routes, which allows the City to remove the snow more quickly and efficiently following a significant snow event. This improves public safety since access to medical care is often needed more frequently as a result of the snowfall. The snow removal plan and maps are available in the local telephone book and online at the City’s website. Tree City USA Grand Island has been a Tree City USA community since 1987. Being a Tree City USA allows a community to reduce its exposure to falling trees and limbs from high wind, tornado, and ice events. Grand Island also offers a cost sharing program for homeowners who purchase the best types of trees for their boulevard areas and yards. Vulnerability Assessment According to the Nebraska Department of Property Assessment and Taxation, the total assessed taxable value for Grand Island in 2013 was $2,574,553,789. Broken out by significant property types, this is: Residential real property: $ 1,486,879,074 (57.8%) Commercial real property: $ 801,297,653 (31.1%) Agricultural Land and homes/outbuildings: $ 7,358,151 ( 0.3%) Commercial/Industrial personal property: $ 159,349,367 ( 6.2%) Public service corporation real and personal: $ 21,885,061 ( 0.8%) Railroad real and personal property: $ 36,874,651 ( 1.4%) Industrial real property: $ 60,760,979 ( 2.4%) Agricultural personal property: $ 148,853 ( 0.0%) Recreational real property: $ 0 ( .00%) The entire structure stock is vulnerable to the severe weather, tornado, and drought hazard. This means that, as of 2007 there is $2,574,553,789 in at-risk assets for these hazard types. For the flood assessment, a software program called HAZUS-MH® was used. HAZUS-MH stands for “Hazards U.S. – Multi-Hazard”, and uses default census information to estimate the amount of damage from a flood. In so doing, it generates a basic estimation of the number of structures in the study area and the amount of potential damage. The printout result of the flood model is included at the end of the Grand Island report. There are important disclaimers for 122 Grand Island Regular Meeting - 5/4/2016 Page 155 / 228 using this information as it is generated by computer using data that is not improved from the basic census information – these concerns are outlined below after the flood model summary. As shown in the report, HAZUS calculates: Number of Buildings in Grand Island:25,314 Residential Buildings 23,228 Non-Residential Buildings 2,058 General Building Stock Damage HAZUS estimates that about 141 buildings will be at least moderately damaged by a flood of a magnitude which inundates the modeled floodplain – this is 4% of the total number of buildings in the case study. Of the 141 buildings, 10 will be completely destroyed. More detailed damage figures by occupancy and by building type are given in Table 3 and Table 4 in the HAZUS report at the end of the Grand Island section. Essential facility damage HAZUS estimates that there are five fire stations, two hospitals, two police stations, and 25 schools in the study region. In addition, there is one emergency operations center not found in HAZUS estimates. Of these 34 essential facilities, four schools are estimated to receive at least moderate damage – with two of these schools losing function. Debris Generation HAZUS estimates that 3,472 tons of debris will be generated by a flood. Of this amount, “Finishes” (defined as dry wall, insulation, etc.) comprised 86% of the total while “Structural” (wood, brick, etc.) comprised 7% of the total. If the debris tonnage is converted into an estimated number of truckloads, it will require 139 truckloads (at 25 tons/truck) to remove the debris generated by the flood. Shelter Requirements HAZUS estimates that 2,540 households will be displaced by the flood. Of these, 5,952 people will seek temporary shelter in public shelters. Economic Loss The total economic loss for the flood is $77.40 million, which represents 7.34% of the total replacement value of the buildings in the scenario. The building losses are broken into direct building losses and business interruption losses. HAZUS calculates that direct building losses to be $76.13 million while the remaining $1.27 million is for business interruption. Of the $76.13 million on direct building losses, $21.66 million is for residential and $38.99 million is for commercial as the two largest categories (see Table 6 of printout). Corps of Engineers Structural Inventory In the structural inventory completed by the Corps of Engineers, 1045 properties were found to be located in a regulated floodplain in Grand Island’s extraterritorial zoning jurisdiction. Of these, 88 were in a Zone A, 42 in a floodway, and 915 in Zone AE. The valuation of these 1045 floodplain properties found by the Corps of Engineers is $133,876,797, or 5.3% of the total valuation of Grand Island and its zoning jurisdiction. 123 Grand Island Regular Meeting - 5/4/2016 Page 156 / 228 Figure 20 - Hazus Census Tracts for Grand Island 124 Grand Island Regular Meeting - 5/4/2016 Page 157 / 228 Figure 18 shows the Grand Island census tracts in Hall County which were used in the flood assessment. Figure 19 shows the floodplain which HAZUS automatically models as a part of its assessment – the darker the shade of blue, the deeper the modeled floodplain. Figure 21 – Grand Island Hazus HAZUS report disclaimers: As shown on HAZUS Figure 19, the Wood River Diversion is not shown as eliminating the floodplain on the south end of town. The above analysis was 125 Grand Island Regular Meeting - 5/4/2016 Page 158 / 228 completed using default data, which uses statistical averages for variables across census tracts. Also, there are uncertainties inherent in any loss estimation technique. Therefore, there may be a significant difference between modeled results contained in this report and the actual social and economic losses following a flood. More precise results could be completed by inputting user- defined values for the census tracts or the analysis could be run by census blocks, which would reduce – but not eliminate – the estimates used in the model. Grand Island features a series of critical facilities, as identified by the City. Critical facilities are those structures which will be essential for returning the Village functions to normal after a disaster (“Civic”), are vital for disaster response and sheltering (“Shelter”), and are essential for public health and safety (“Lifeline Utility”). In Grand Island, the critical facilities identified are: Grand Island City Hall 100 E First Street, Grand Island, NE 68803 Hall County Admin 121 South Pine Street, Grand Island, NE 68801 Central NE Regional Airport 3557 Sky Park Road, Grand Island, NE 68801 GI Fleet Services 1111 W North Front St, Grand Island, Nebraska 68801 GI Streets Division 1111 W. North Front ST. Grand Island, NE 68801 Hall County PW 2900 W. 2nd Street, Grand Island, NE 68803 Grand Island Transfer Station 5050 W Potash Highway, Grand Island, Nebraska 68803 Grand Island Landfill 19550 Husker Highway, Shelton, Nebraska 68876 NDOR Maintenance Yard 3305 W. Old Potash Hwy, Grand Island NE 68803 NDOR District Office 211 N. Tilden St. Grand Island, NE KRGI 3205 W. North Front St., Grand Island, NE 68803 KRGI Transmitter Lat N 40-52-26 Long W 98-16-24 KRGI Transmitter Lat N 40-51-53 Long W 98-23-47 Qwest (GI)105 N Wheeler, Grand Island, NE 68801 Qwest (Cairo)401 High St. Cairo, NE 68824 GI Fire #1 302 S Pine Street, Grand Island, Nebraska 68801 GI Fire #2 1710 N Broadwell Avenue, Grand Island, Nebraska 68803 GI Fire #3 2310 S Webb Road, Grand Island, Nebraska 68803 GI Fire #4 3690 W State Street, Grand Island, Nebraska 68803 GI Rural Fire 3009 W. Hwy 34, Grand Island, NE 68801 National Guard Armory 2900 W. Old Potash Hwy, Grand Island, NE 68803 American Red Cross 404 E 3rd St. Grand Island, NE 68801 Salvation Army 818 W. 3rd St. Grand Island, NE 68801 St. Francis Medical Center 2620 West Faidley Ave. Grand Island, NE 68803 Central District Health Dept.1137 S. Locust Grand Island, NE 68801 Nebraska Health & Human Services 116 S. Pine St., Grand Island, NE 68801 Burdick Power Station 800 E. Bischeld Street, Grand Island, Nebraska 68801 Phelps Control Center 700 E Bischeld St, Grand Island, Nebraska 68801 or Platte Generation Station 1035 Wildwood Drive, Grand Island, Nebraska 68801 Elec Division Facility 1116 W North Front St, Grand Island, Nebraska 68801 NPPD Substation (Wood River)140th Rd & Schultz Rd GI Water Treatment Plant 3013 E Swift Road, Grand Island, Nebraska 68801 Nebraska State Patrol 3431 W Old Potash Hwy, Grand Island, NE 68801 Law Enforcement Center 111 Public Safety Drive, Grand Island, Nebraska 68801 FBI Office 203 W 2nd Street, Grand Island, NE 68801 Hall County Jail 112 Pubilc Safety Dr, Grand Island, NE 68801 126 Grand Island Regular Meeting - 5/4/2016 Page 159 / 228 The Corps of Engineers and Grand Island Regional Planning inventories found the following critical facilities in the floodplain: Cedar Hollow Public School Grand Island Wastewater Treatment Plant Grand Island Senior High School Platte Generation Station KRGI Transmitter Figure 22 - Critical Infrastructure in Hall County. 127 Grand Island Regular Meeting - 5/4/2016 Page 160 / 228 Figure 23 - Outdoor Sirens in Grand Island The Figure above shows the potential ranges of the outdoor warning sirens in Grand Island, with the yellow shading being a half-mile from each siren and red one mile from each siren. As shown by the figure, the majority of current development within the Grand Island corporate limits is in the yellow shaded area. It must be recognized, however, that these are outdoor warning sirens which are designed to alert residents who are outside and in close proximity to the sirens. They are not designed to warn persons indoors at-distance, traveling in vehicles, or in noisy environments. In addition, a warning system works best if there are operational redundancies – meaning that it is always safer to have additional sirens in a network in case a siren malfunctions or is destroyed. An additional consideration is that periods during which warning sirens are needed are often noisy in them with high wind, intense rain, and hail which all 128 Grand Island Regular Meeting - 5/4/2016 Page 161 / 228 act to reduce peoples’ ability to hear the sirens. It is easier to hear a warning for people who are downwind of the siren. The Figure below is an aerial photography of the Grand Island area meant to show the community. New developments are currently or likely to occur in the areas listed below. The exposure of all development – existing or future – is the same now and will be the same in the future for severe winter storms, severe summer storms, and tornadoes. The only hazard which is able to be modified by human behavior or activity is flooding. However, since Grand Island is in good standing in the Regular Phase of the National Flood Insurance Program, any future floodplain development will be completed in compliance with the City’s floodplain management ordinance. 129 Grand Island Regular Meeting - 5/4/2016 Page 162 / 228 Mitigation Alternatives Grand Island’s planning goals are the same as the goals for the county portion of the plan. GOALS: 1) Reduce or prevent future damage from natural hazard events, 2) Increase public safety To address these goals, mitigation alternatives were suggested in the public meeting and prioritized by the Grand Island City Council. Prioritization Grand Island prioritized the mitigation alternatives according to the “STAPLE(E)” procedure (Social acceptability, Technical feasibility, Administrative capability of local government, Political acceptability, Legal authority to implement, Economic justification, and Environmental acceptability). In addition, alternatives were prioritized based on the community’s goals and planning objectives. At its discretion, Grand Island officials may choose to not implement any of the proposed mitigation projects at this time with the realization that future events may change this stance as well as the prioritization of projects. Projects sponsored for implementation will follow a public process. 1) Maintain good standing in the National Flood Insurance Program Objective 1: Continue to regulate development in floodplain areas. Funding sources and potential cost: No funding needed, no cost. 2) Mitigate repetitive loss properties Objective 2: Reduce future flood insurance payments and reduce flood losses by mitigating repetitive loss properties through acquisition, elevation, or other techniques. Acquisition should be first priority. Funding sources and potential cost: FEMA’s mitigation programs – cost will vary by structure and by mitigation technique used. 3) Reduce flood damages Objective 3: Reduce impacts of flood and stormwater problems -Action 3.1: Complete a drainage study. Given the extremely flat topography in the area, drainage will always be a problem – especially for intense warm weather rainfall events. A drainage study is needed in Grand Island to help the City make wise land use decisions, to identify where existing drainage infrastructure is weak, and to identify ways to address these weaknesses. A drainage study has the potential to also identify good flood mitigation projects which could be funded using FEMA’s mitigation programs. Funding sources and potential cost: Central Platte NRD, Community Development Block Grant, City – average cost varies widely on scope and community size -Action 3.2: The City Council should consider passing a stormwater management ordinance. Such an ordinance would be designed to hold back stormwater on-site from 130 Grand Island Regular Meeting - 5/4/2016 Page 163 / 228 large developments and to reduce erosion. The City of Lincoln has passed a stormwater management ordinance which could be used as a model or guide. Funding sources and potential cost: Could be implemented using existing City resources. -Action 3.3: Upgrade culverts which are found to restrict flows from rain events. A drainage study can show which culverts and bridges are undersized and need to be replaced with larger openings. However, a drainage study is not necessary to know there is a problem. A drainageway which drains properly will not have flow impediments which back up water on to adjacent property. However, flow impediments can be placed in the flow path on purpose to direct the flow of water toward a specific area designed to retain excess water during periods of high flows. It must be noted that culvert upgrades may not have a lasting impact if upstream stormwater is not somehow managed. Funding sources and potential cost: City, NRD, Natural Resources Development Fund. Cost varies greatly by design and scope. -Action 3.4: Clear ditches to improve channel conveyance capacity to allow flows to move unimpeded to the Platte River. Funding sources and potential cost: City, CPNRD -Action 3.5: Create a maintenance plan for the drainage system. If improvements are made to Grand Island’s drainage system, it will be important to protect the “current condition” of the drainage so that it does not revert back to problem areas. Funding sources and potential cost: City. Cost to create a maintenance plan would be none to little; however, the City may need to devote financial resources toward it. -Action 3.6: Floodproof any critical facility which is prone to flooding. Funding sources and potential cost: FEMA’s mitigation programs, cost would vary by scope and design. 25% non-federal match requirement would be needed – most likely from City. 4)Identify and designate tornado shelters, publicize the locations of all public tornado shelters to increase public awareness with a sign on the building. Objective 4: Provide emergency shelter(s) to which students or local residents would evacuate in the event of a tornado warning, especially those who live in vulnerable housing. -Action 4.1: Study existing public buildings to see if they offer adequate tornado shelter. If buildings are found, they should be identified with proper signage so that citizens know where they can go during a tornado warning. Funding sources: Unknown -Action 4.2: Create public shelters by retrofitting or new construction. FEMA has retrofitted schools and constructed all-new shelters in several places in the Midwest. However, most tornadoes occur in late-afternoon to early evening when a school might be closed for the day. Furthermore, it has been reported that public tornado shelters that are left open to the public are not used properly, with vandalism and use by vagrants as problems. At-risk structure types include mobile homes and slab-on-grade construction which has no basement. -Action 4.3: Consider constructing tornado shelters for vulnerable construction like manufactured home concentrations. Funding sources and potential cost: FEMA’s Pre-Disaster Mitigation program or Hazard Mitigation Grant Program for construction only– cost varies widely based on scope and design 131 Grand Island Regular Meeting - 5/4/2016 Page 164 / 228 5)Ensure adequate outdoor severe weather warning coverage Objective 5: Replace the existing tornado sirens which are outdated. In Hall County, the warning sirens are owned by the communities. There is no funding assistance available from the County for new sirens; however, if the community purchases a warning siren, Hall County Emergency Management can help coordinate the warning system through the central siren warning system located in Grand Island. There have been significant advances in warning siren technology since the time that many sirens were erected as a result of the Cold War scare in the 1950s and 60s. The old style of warning siren is manual and operates using at least 110 volts – possibly as much as 220 or 240 volts. In addition, these sirens also have no battery backup since it is not economically feasible to purchase backup systems for manual sirens. In the event that severe weather is approaching, a power outage – which is common in severe weather – means that no warning will be sounded. As a result, there could be higher loss of life since a warning would have alerted people within earshot to seek shelter. Newer sirens operate using 12 volts, which makes battery backup possible – in fact, these sirens typically have a backup system already built in. This means that the only option for having a tornado siren with battery backup is the actual purchase of a new siren. -Action 5.1: Purchase new tornado sirens to replace the older models. Funding sources and potential cost: City of Grand Island/Hall County Emergency Management budget. Estimated cost: $25,000 to $50,000 . 6) Reduce damages caused by downed tree limbs Objective 6: Reduce the duration or eliminate power outages from severe weather. Overhead power lines are vulnerable to collapse from icing in the cold weather months and from high winds or tree limbs falling on power lines in warm weather months. -Action 6.1: Initiate a power line burying project. Funding sources and potential cost: FEMA’s Hazard Mitigation Grant Program or Pre-Disaster Mitigation Program could provide up to 75% of the project cost. The remaining cost might be shared with the Public Power District, City, or property owners. -Action 6.2: Write to the Nebraska Forest Service and request a tree inventory. An inventory is especially helpful in mitigation planning for communities which experience regular tree-related damages. An inventory can identify problem trees and recommend changes to the way a community administer a local tree management program (i.e., through a Tree Board or Park Board). Problematic areas of tree limbs with power lines could be addressed as a priority. Funding sources and potential cost: Free 7) Ensure adequate severe weather notifications to citizens and critical facilities Objective 7: Purchasing or education of a weather radio -Action 7.1: Work with the local cable television company to create a cable television interrupt warning system. Such a system would remove the concern over which television or radio station to turn to for weather information and would be a way to inform the majority of the public of impending severe weather. -Action 7.2: For public critical facilities, the City should consider purchasing a weather radio to be used in each facility for the rapid dissemination of a severe weather warning. 132 Grand Island Regular Meeting - 5/4/2016 Page 165 / 228 -Action 7.3: In noisy manufacturing facilities which may not hear tornado sirens, the City could inform the owners of these facilities of the option that they could purchase a weather radio. -Action 7.4: Encourage critical facilities like senior care facilities and hospitals to develop and practice their own emergency sheltering plans. Funding sources and potential cost: City of Grand Island, local businesses. Approximate cost about $30 per radio. Plan development would carry no cost other than staff time. 8)Improve the City’s capability to communicate in a post-disaster scenario Objective 8: Acquire a comprehensive communication system. The current system of cellular telephones depends on having a cell tower network and being able to connect with other emergency responders when cellular traffic will be very high. -Action 8.1: Assess the types of communication systems that are available, being used by other counties or communities, and which would fit into the budget. Options might include something like a satellite telephone network with handheld units. -Action 8.2: The City and County could have a Ham radio network on standby in case of communication failure. Funding sources and potential cost: The most likely funding source for this objective would be Hazard Mitigation Grant Program “set-aside” funds made available to states after a federally-declared disaster. Other funding sources are unknown. Potential cost would vary widely based on system needs, and is therefore also unknown at this time. 9)Prevent or reduce the duration of power outages Objective 9: Increase the capability for the City’s electric infrastructure to withstand severe weather. Whether for public safety or public welfare, having a function electric system has clear benefits in a post-disaster scenario. These actions would be more effective for more rural transmission and distribution lines which have a longer space between poles than in urban areas. -Action 9.1: Install “T2” line, which prevents ice buildup -Action 9.2: Periodically in a segment of power line, strengthen a power pole. This will prevent any “cascading” effect of pole failures, which will reduce the time necessary for repairs. -Action 9.3: Instead of T2 line, automatic disconnects could be installed on the lines at the poles to prevent the weight of the line from pulling down the poles. Funding sources and potential cost: The most likely funding source for this objective would be Hazard Mitigation Grant Program “set-aside” funds made available to states after a federally-declared disaster. Other funding sources are unknown. Potential cost would vary widely based on system needs, and is therefore also unknown at this time. GOAL: 3) Increase Public Education 10) Educate the public about natural hazards, preparedness, and mitigation Objective 10: Initiate or continue natural hazard awareness and education programs -Action 10.1: Hall County Emergency Management Agency (HCEMA) will continue its current educational programs. HCEMA also completes annual education programs to 133 Grand Island Regular Meeting - 5/4/2016 Page 166 / 228 grade schools each year, reaching approximately 500 to 600 kids. They discuss severe weather and where to go and what to do if there is a tornado warning. -Action 10.2: HCEMA also participates in the annual Severe Weather Awareness Week by placing articles in the local paper and airing information on the City’s local government television station. Educational outreach programs could be expanded to include all hazards and a severe winter weather preparedness program for the fall. -Action 10.3: HCEMA also participates during the test warning day by using all of our normal procedures as if there were an actual event, including setting off the warning sirens. -Action 10.4: The City and HCEMA can make educational materials available to the public in the public library and website. Education would include, but not be limited to, how to protect yourself and your property from tornadoes and severe weather, their potential risks to different disaster types, preparedness procedures for their home, more wind-resistant construction design, and hardier types of trees to plant in areas close to homes, power lines, and streets. Free brochures are available through the National Weather Service and American Red Cross. Funding sources and potential cost: Funding sources are not applicable, cost is free except for work time. Implementation To start implementation, determining which projects should be submitted for funding will be based on a FEMA-approved cost-benefit method. This means that proposed projects would need to be reviewed for cost effectiveness with the assistance of state emergency management or floodplain management personnel. Unless otherwise delegated, the Hall County Regional Planning Director will be the person responsible for project administration of any project selected for implementation. FEMA has the authority to approve or deny mitigation projects applied for under their agency’s mitigation programs. Evaluation In this plan, several potential mitigation projects are identified; however, it is not designed to have an all-inclusive list of projects. It is designed to be a living document which can be adapted to the landscape as conditions change. This means that this plan should be revised and updated as new projects are identified and prioritized and participating communities. There is a requirement to review and update this plan every five years. To do this, communities will follow the same procedure that Hall County will utilize in its mitigation plan updates, which is detailed starting on page 46 of the County portion of this report. There are also evaluation, update, and revision worksheets which have been included in this plan as Appendix A to assist with this process. 134 Grand Island Regular Meeting - 5/4/2016 Page 167 / 228 Wood River The table below shows the input provided at the initial public meeting regarding perceived probability, impact and risk. Due to the geographical proximity, the following hazard types were not considered due to there being no likelihood of occurring in Nebraska: volcanic eruptions, avalanches, hurricanes, tidal surges, and tsunamis. Survey Wood River 2013 Dam Failure Earth- quake Drought Flood Summer Storm Land slide Winter Storm Tornado/ Wind Wildfire Crime/ Terror Hazmat Probability Unlikely Unlikely Likely Likely Likely Unlikely Likely Likely Likely Likely Likely Risk Low Low Low Med High Low Med Med Med Low High Impact 2 2 2 4 5 0 5 5 3 2 5 Survey Criteria Definition Based on history, what is the likelihood this type of event will happen again?Probability Likely or Unlikely What is Risk of Damage/Injuries, Etc?Risk High, Medium, Low The severity level to which the event will impact residents of the County.Impact (5=Full, 0=None) In the following sections, only the hazard types which have a significant likelihood of occurring or have a reason to potentially occur are listed. These types are: severe weather (summer and winter), tornado, flood, and drought. According to the database of dams maintained by the Nebraska Department of Natural Resources, there are no dams upstream of Wood River; therefore, dam failure is not considered further for Wood River. Although there is a small risk for earthquakes, wildfires, and landslides, the threat and associated risk for these hazards is not high enough and there are no realistic or feasible mitigation action which can be taken to reduce the level of risk. The National Climatic Data Center and Nebraska Forest Service lists no records of wildfire for Hall County. Additionally, the citizens did not rank these hazards high enough to warrant detailed discussion in this plan. This may change in future updates. Disaster History Flood At the town of Wood River, the Wood River has a “nested channel,” which means that the banks are higher than the surrounding floodplain. This prevents rainfall from naturally draining overland directly into the river. This means that rain which falls between the river and Highway 30 through town cannot naturally drain to the river, which presents some stormwater concerns. Similarly, in a very large flood event, water which escapes from Wood River and is unable to get back into the channel after the water recedes. Instead, water flows east until it can join enter the Wood River about three miles northeast of town. In the process, it is possible that the business district of Wood River along Highway 30 will be flooded. According to the current floodplain 135 Grand Island Regular Meeting - 5/4/2016 Page 168 / 228 map, water from Wood River cannot inundate development in the city unless it is a 500-year flood event. However, a flood of this magnitude would inundate all development north of the Union Pacific Railroad tracks, including Highway 30. Wood River High School is situated on the high ground closer to the river, with the building footprint out of the floodplain. As defined by FEMA’s repetitive loss list, there are no repetitive flood loss properties in Wood River. On May 11 and 12, 2005: 12 people were evacuated due to rising water. The Wood River crested at 9 feet, flooding most streets in town. The river tied a record crest of 12.2 feet at Alda after it had been dry for three years prior to the storm. Severe Weather June 4, 1995: 1¾ inch hail caused $10,000 in undisclosed property damage. May 11 and 12, 2005: Thunderstorms ravaged a large part of south-central Nebraska starting the night of the 11th and continuing through the day on the 12th. Wood River recorded over 11 inches of rain in this timeframe, which is well in excess of the 100-year storm. It was estimated every structure in Wood River sustained some sort of storm damage as wave after wave of severe thunderstorms pounded the town with high winds and hail up to 1¾ inches in diameter. Twelve homes sustained severe damage. Hall County was declared a federal disaster area as the storm caused significant damage in most Hall County communities. May 23, 2006: Severe thunderstorms brought 80 mph winds, causing damage across 16 counties. Property damage in Wood River was only $5,000. June 16, 2006: A severe thunderstorm came in from the west, producing 60 mph wind gusts in and golf ball sized hail in Wood River. Total property damage was set at $10,000. September 15, 2006: Severe thunderstorms developed across south-central Nebraska, bringing baseball-sized hail and strong winds to the region. Wood River did not report as much property damage as Grand Island, Hastings, and Holdrege; however, $10,000 in property damage was recorded. Tornado May 7, 1993: A F2 tornado touched down four miles southwest of Upland, moved northeast across Kearney County, crossed the Platte River east of Kearney, and was last seen 1½ miles east of Wood River. Total property damage from this long tornado was set at $5 million. May 2, 1999: A short-lived F1 tornado was observed just northwest of Wood River. The tornado damaged grain bins, a grain dryer, and a house nearby. Total damage was set at $100,000. May 7, 2005: The first major outbreak of severe weather for the year brought several tornadoes to central Nebraska. One of these tornadoes was a brief F0 tornado which was spotted five miles north of Wood River, but caused no damage. May 11, 2005: Just four days later, a F0 tornado clipped the south side of Wood River as a part of extremely severe weather which hit the area, bringing high wind, hail, intense rain, and flooding. Total property damage from this tornado was set at $125,000. Drought NCDC reports three drought events since 1950 for Hall County: in 2000, 2002 and 2012. Both of these droughts appear to have been agricultural droughts with the most impact to growing crops. Although Wood River is situated in an area which has been directly impacted by a drought, there are no indications that the City has ever been materially impacted by a drought. 136 Grand Island Regular Meeting - 5/4/2016 Page 169 / 228 Probability of Future Hazard Events It very probable that Wood River will be impacted annually by severe weather. In these events, Wood River should be expected to witness high winds, and intense rain annually in the summer, and large snowfalls, ice, and bitter windchills in the winter. Less probably, but certainly likely every 2-3 years are instances of large hail, blizzards and ice storms. Although it is certainly possible, it is less likely that Wood River will be directly impacted by a tornado, due to its relatively small geographic area. However, it is probable that a tornado occurs within 25 miles of Wood River every year. Past Hazard Mitigation Efforts The City of Wood River participates and is in good standing in the National Flood Insurance Program (NFIP). The initial identification for the Wood River’s floodplain map took place on May 31, 1974, and the City joined the Emergency Phase of the NFIP on September 6th of that year. Participation in the Regular Phase of the NFIP occurred on December 1, 1978. A Flood Insurance Study and new detailed mapping was adopted by Wood River with an effective date of June 3, 1986. . Flood mapping for insurance rating purposes has been completed by FEMA and included with the package of maps available for Hall County (Map Number 31079C) effective September 26, 2008. Wood River continues to participate as is in good standing in the National Flood Insurance Program. A new outdoor warning siren was installed in downtown Wood River in 2011. Vulnerability Assessment According to an assessment completed by the Nebraska Department of Natural Resources in March of 2015, there are 550 total structures in Wood River3. The list below shows the structures broken out by type, and the count is: 490 residences 29 businesses 17 (at least) out buildings large enough to be seen on aerial photographs 9 publicly-owned structures, including the municipal building, school, library 5 church or non-profit buildings According to the Nebraska Department of Property Assessment and Taxation, the total assessed taxable value for Wood River in 2013 was $63,180,401. Broken out by significant property types, this is: Residential real property: $ 35,168,425 (55.7%) Commercial real property: $ 7,363,346 (11.6%) Agricultural Land and homes/outbuildings: $ 70,486 ( 0.1%) Commercial/Industrial personal property: $ 17,731,387 ( 28.1%) Public service corporation real and personal: $ 539,934 ( 0.9%) Railroad real and personal property: $ 2,306,823 ( 3.6%) Industrial real property: $ -0- ( 0.0%) Agricultural personal property: $ -0- ( 0.0%) Recreational real property: $ -0- ( 0.0%) 3 Hall County Regional Planning Estimate 137 Grand Island Regular Meeting - 5/4/2016 Page 170 / 228 The entire structure stock is vulnerable to the severe weather, tornado, and drought hazard. This means that, as of 2013, there is $63,180,401in at-risk assets for these hazard types. In the structural inventory completed by the Corps of Engineers, five properties were found to be located in a regulated floodplain in Wood River’s extraterritorial zoning jurisdiction. Of these, 1 is in a Zone A and 4 are in a floodway. The valuation of these five floodplain properties found by the Corps of Engineers is $126,361, or 0.2% of the total valuation of Wood River and its zoning jurisdiction. Figure 24 - Flood Plain Structural Inventory The Figure above shows the current effective floodplain overlay with the structure count. The 100-year, or regulated, floodplain is shown in light blue while the 500-year floodplain is shown in orange. 451 of the 536 tagged structures (84%) are in the 500-year floodplain. Assuming an 138 Grand Island Regular Meeting - 5/4/2016 Page 171 / 228 equitable valuation between structures in that floodplain with those not in the floodplain, this represents a total valuation of $ 35,482,174 in the 500-year floodplain in Wood River. Wood River features a series of critical facilities, as identified by the City and supplemented with various federal databases. Critical facilities are those structures which will be essential for returning the Village functions to normal after a disaster (“Civic”), are vital for disaster response and sheltering (“Shelter”), and are essential for public health and safety (“Lifeline Utility”). Critical facilities can also be economic because the loss of a major employer or the loss of the City’s main source(s) of revenue will greatly hinder recovery. In Wood River, the critical facilities identified are: Civic/Response: City Hall, Fire & Rescue Building, Police Department Sheltering: Wood River Elementary School, Wood River Rural High School, St. Mary’s Catholic Church, United Methodist, Grace Lutheran Church, First Presbyterian Church Vulnerable population: Good Samaritan Center Financial: Cargill/Wood River ethanol plant Lifeline Utility: Water tower Figure 25 - Wood River Sirens Figure 16 shows the potential ranges of the tornado warning sirens in Wood River, with the yellow shading being a half-mile the siren, with red the one mile distance. As shown by the figure, the majority of current development within the Wood River corporate limits is in the yellow shaded area. It must be recognized, however, that these are outdoor warning sirens which are designed to alert residents who are outside and in close proximity to the sirens. They are not designed to warn persons indoors at-distance, traveling in vehicles, or in noisy environments. In addition, a warning system works best if there are operational redundancies – meaning that it is always safer to have additional sirens in a network in case a siren malfunctions or is destroyed. An additional consideration is that periods during which warning sirens are needed are often noisy in themselves with high wind, intense rain, and hail which all act to reduce peoples’ ability to hear the sirens. It is easier to hear a warning for people who are downwind of the siren. 139 Grand Island Regular Meeting - 5/4/2016 Page 172 / 228 Figure 26 - Wood River Figure 18 shows the areas of new development which is most likely to occur in the next five to ten years. The vulnerability of all development – existing or future – is the same now and will be the same in the future for severe winter storms, severe summer storms, and tornadoes. The only hazard which is able to be modified by human behavior or activity is flooding. However, since there is very little developable area in Wood River which is in a regulated floodplain and since Wood River is in good standing in the Regular Phase of the National Flood Insurance Program, any future floodplain development will be completed in compliance with the City’s floodplain management ordinance. Mitigation Alternatives Wood River’s planning goals are the same as the goals for the county portion of the plan. GOALS: 1) Reduce or prevent future damage from natural hazard events, 2) Increase public safety 140 Grand Island Regular Meeting - 5/4/2016 Page 173 / 228 To address these goals, mitigation alternatives were suggested in the public meeting and prioritized by the Wood River City Council. Prioritization Wood River prioritized the mitigation alternatives according to the “STAPLE(E)” procedure (Social acceptability, Technical feasibility, Administrative capability of local government, Political acceptability, Legal authority to implement, Economic justification, and Environmental acceptability). In addition, alternatives were prioritized based on the community’s goals and planning objectives. At its discretion, Wood River officials may choose to not implement any of the proposed mitigation projects at this time with the realization that future events may change this stance as well as the prioritization of projects. Projects sponsored for implementation will follow a public process. 1) Maintain good standing in the National Flood Insurance Program Objective 1: Continue to regulate development in floodplain areas. Funding sources and potential cost: No funding needed, no cost. 2)Identify and designate tornado shelters, publicize the locations of all public tornado shelters to increase public awareness – perhaps with a sign on the building. Objective 2: Provide emergency shelter(s) to which students or local residents would evacuate in the event of a tornado warning, especially those who live in vulnerable housing -Action 2.1: Create public shelters by retrofitting or new construction. FEMA has retrofitted schools and constructed all-new shelters in several places in the Midwest. However, most tornadoes occur in late-afternoon to early evening when a school might be closed for the day. Furthermore, it has been reported that public tornado shelters that are left open to the public are not used properly, with vandalism and use by vagrants as problems. At-risk structure types include mobile homes and slab-on-grade construction which has no basement. -Action 2.2: Consider constructing tornado shelters for vulnerable construction like manufactured home concentrations. Funding sources and potential cost: FEMA’s Pre-Disaster Mitigation program or Hazard Mitigation Grant Program for construction only– cost varies widely based on scope and design 3) Reduce damages caused by downed tree limbs Objective 3: Reduce the duration or eliminate power outages from severe weather. Overhead power lines are vulnerable to collapse from icing in the cold weather months and from high winds or tree limbs falling on power lines in warm weather months. -Action 3.1: Initiate a power line burying project. Funding sources and potential cost: FEMA’s Hazard Mitigation Grant Program or Pre-Disaster Mitigation Program could provide up to 75% of the project cost. The remaining cost might be shared with the Public Power District, City, or property owners. 141 Grand Island Regular Meeting - 5/4/2016 Page 174 / 228 -Action 3.2: Write to the Nebraska Forest Service and request a tree inventory. An inventory is especially helpful in mitigation planning for communities which experience regular tree-related damages. An inventory can identify problem trees and recommend changes to the way a community administer a local tree management program (i.e., through a Tree Board or Park Board). Problematic areas of tree limbs with power lines could be addressed as a priority. Funding sources and potential cost: Free 4) Ensure adequate severe weather notifications to critical facilities Objective 4: Purchasing or education of a weather radio -Action 4.1: For public critical facilities, the City should consider purchasing a weather radio to be used in each facility for the rapid dissemination of a severe weather warning. - Action 4.2: If the City has noisy manufacturing facilities which may not hear tornado sirens, the City could inform the owners of these facilities of the option that they could purchase a weather radio. Funding sources and potential cost: City of Wood River, local businesses. Approximate cost about $30 per radio. 5) Ensure adequate water supply for health and safety Objective 5: Determine ways to secure Wood River’s water supply during drought - Action 5.1: Work with the Nebraska Department of Health and Human Services to secure revolving loan funding for supplementing Wood River’s water supply with an additional source. - Action 5.2: Determine a method to have citizens from Wood River voluntarily reduce demand for water during times of drought. This may involve instituting a moratorium on unnecessary water usage and implementing a fine/penalty system for those found in violation. Goal: 3) Increase Public Education There are no explicit objectives or actions for this goal; however, there is an implicit action related to this goal for above actions which will require public participation. Activities for this goal are found in the County portion of this document since the likely lead or assisting agency will be the Hall County Emergency Management Agency. Implementation To start implementation, determining which projects should be submitted for funding will be based on a FEMA-approved cost-benefit method. This means that proposed projects would need to be reviewed for cost effectiveness with the assistance of state emergency management or floodplain management personnel. Unless otherwise delegated, the City Clerk will be the person responsible for project administration of any project selected for implementation. FEMA has the authority to approve or deny mitigation projects applied for under their agency’s mitigation programs. Evaluation 142 Grand Island Regular Meeting - 5/4/2016 Page 175 / 228 In this plan, several potential mitigation projects are identified; however, it is not designed to have an all-inclusive list of projects. It is designed to be a living document which can be adapted to the landscape as conditions change. This means that this plan should be revised and updated as new projects are identified and prioritized and participating communities. There is a requirement to review and update this plan every five years. To do this, communities will follow the same procedure that Hall County will utilize in its mitigation plan updates, which is detailed starting on page 46 of the County portion of this report. There are also evaluation, update, and revision worksheets which have been included in this plan as Appendix A to assist with this process. 143 Grand Island Regular Meeting - 5/4/2016 Page 176 / 228 APPENDIX D Adoption Documentation 144 Grand Island Regular Meeting - 5/4/2016 Page 177 / 228 Hall County Regional Planning Commission Wednesday, May 4, 2016 Regular Meeting Item F3 Public Hearing - Text Amendment Staff Contact: Chad Nabity Grand Island Regular Meeting - 5/4/2016 Page 178 / 228 Agenda Item 6 PLANNING DIRECTOR RECOMMENDATION TO REGIONAL PLANNING COMMISSION: April 18, 2016 SUBJECT: Concerning amendments to the Zoning Resolution for Hall County. Amendments to be considered are a request to add Livestock Trailer Wash Services to the Zoning Matrix as a permitted use in these Districts (HC, RC, GI) and a conditional use in these Districts (A-1, A-2, LI, AG-SC, AG-SE and AG-SI). (C-16-2016HC) PROPOSAL: The changes proposed were requested by attorneys from Cline Williams Wright, Johnson & Oldfather L.L.P., on behalf of a consortium of clients that are property owners in Hall County and listed on the Petition to Amend the Hall County Land Use Zoning Matrix as attached. The applicant has requested that Hall County consider adding the use Livestock Trailer Wash Services to the Zoning Matrix as a listed land use category. Following discussions with the attorneys that made the application the Planning Director has suggested that the classification to be listed should be Trailer Wash Services-Livestock. This would place this use in the same part of the matrix as Truck Wash Services. An email exchange between the attorney and the Planning director is included to show that this change is acceptable. The application to amend the regulations was received by the planning department along with the appropriate fees prior to April 14, 2016 deadline for the May Planning Commission meeting. The petition as attached identifies 13 reasons for amending the regulations. Planning staff would agree that the addition of Trailer Wash Services- Livestock would add clarity to the regulation and does recommend that such a change while not necessary would be beneficial to future planning directors, zoning administrators, applicants and the citizens of Hall County. Paragraphs 6, 7 and 8 quoted below and section T of the Hall County Land Use Matrix with the requested changes are shown below: 6. The absence of a compatible and specifically identified use category in the Zoning Matrix causes property and business owners to attempt to fit proposed uses into incompatible, existing use categories, thereby jeopardizing the intentional allocation of use categories amongst the various zoning districts. 7. The Zoning Matrix in its current form fails to include a use category that reasonably encompasses livestock trailer wash facilities. Grand Island Regular Meeting - 5/4/2016 Page 179 / 228 8. Amending the Zoning Matrix is necessary and justified in order to provide a specific use category for livestock trailer wash facilities so that those facilities may be located amongst compatible uses and in suitable zoning districts throughout Hall County. Figure a Changes as proposed with the petition OVERVIEW: A number of Hall County Zoning Districts are potentially impacted by the proposed changes these districts will be referred to by their abbreviations. An appendix of these zoning districts and along with the intent of each district is attached at the end of this memo. A copy of the current Hall County Zoning Map is also attached to provide reference regarding the location of various districts. Paragraph 6 of the petition contends that existing use categories are incompatible with the use as of Trailer Wash Services-Livestock. Paragraph 7 specifically makes the claim that Trailer Wash Services-Livestock is not compatible with any of the existing categories. Grand Island Regular Meeting - 5/4/2016 Page 180 / 228 Hall County Planning and Zoning staff, as per their charge, have determined that this use (Trailer Wash Facilities-Livestock) is reasonably classified within the category Truck Wash Services as listed in the zoning matrix. More specificity is not a bad thing but not all uses can be listed, so must categories of uses are necessary. Paragraph 8 makes the request to specifically add Trailer Wash Services-Livestock as a use to the zoning matrix. The request of which zones Trailer Wash Services-Livestock could be permitted is listed following paragraph 13 and includes: HC, RC, GI as a permitted use and A-1, A-2, LI, AG-SC, AG-SE and AG-SI as a conditional use. It is my position as Planning Director that the use Truck Wash Services as currently listed includes Trailer Wash Services in general and including livestock trailers specifically, as the trailers cannot get to the washout facility without the truck. The trailer while separate from the truck cannot move without the truck. The chart below is a direct comparison of where Truck Wash Services are currently permitted and where the applicants have suggested that Trailer Wash Services-Livestock would be appropriate. Figure b Comparison of proposed Trailer Wash Services- Livestock and existing Truck Wash Services Trailer Wash Services-Livestock is suggested as conditional use in the A-1 and A-2 zoning districts. Truck Wash Services are allowed by conditional use in all five agricultural zoning districts including the A-1, A-2, A-3, AGV and AG-R. These agricultural districts make up the majority of the property within the zoning jurisdiction of Hall County. Depending on the site conditions, adjacent road conditions and surrounding uses a Truck Wash Facility could be appropriate in any of these agricultural zoning districts. Conditions such a minimum maintenance roads, paving condition of roads, size of the property considered for the use would all impact the decision on whether grant a permit or not. In general more urbanized uses are encouraged closer to the communities, in the A-2 and A-3 zoning districts and more intense agricultural uses such as confined feeding operations are encouraged in the A-1 district. If the change is made to add Trailer Wash Services-Livestock it should be encouraged in the more urban districts closer to the communities but potentially allowed in the primary agricultural district. Based on the application Trailer Wash Services-Livestock could be allowed by conditional use permit in both the AG-SC, AG-SE and AG-SI districts at the Cornhusker Army Ammunition Plant. Truck Wash Services are permitted in the AG-SI but are not allowed even with a conditional use permit in the AG-SC and AG-SE districts. The AG- SC district includes the Nebraska Game and Parks lands on the east boundary of the ammunition plant and the former burning grounds site in the northwest corner of the Grand Island Regular Meeting - 5/4/2016 Page 181 / 228 ammunition plant. The AG-SE district includes the Husker Harvest Days site at the southwest corner of the ammunition plant and additional property to the north and east. Other than being located on the former ammunition plant these districts are not substantially different than the AG-1 and AG-2 county districts that surround the ammunition plant on all sides except the east. The additional districts could be added for Trailer Wash Services-Livestock. If that change is made a similar change should be made for Truck Wash Services. Trailer Wash Services-Livestock is suggested as a permitted use in the HC, RC and GI districts and as a conditional use in the LI District. Truck Wash Services are a permitted use in the HC, RC, LC, LI and GI districts throughout the County. There are very few areas zoned HC, RC, LC, LI and GI in Hall County. Most of the RC and GI areas are located along U.S. Highway 281 or at the interchanges of Interstate 80. All of these zoning districts would be appropriate for a Truck Wash Services or Trailer Wash Services-Livestock The Planning Commission can choose: to recommend the proposed changes as submitted to recommend that no changes be made to recommend that Trailer Wash Services-Livestock be added as category to the zoning matrix and to change the zones where they would be permitted or conditional uses possibly to match those where Truck Wash Services are permitted. RECOMMENDATION: That the Regional Planning Commission recommend either that no changes are necessary to the Hall County Zoning regulations and finding that Truck Wash Services is a sufficiently broad category that includes Trailer Wash Services (including livestock trailers), or that the category Trailer Wash Services-Livestock would add clarity to the regulations and that such use should be a permitted or conditional use in the same districts that Truck Wash Services are allowed. ___________________ Chad Nabity AICP, Planning Director Grand Island Regular Meeting - 5/4/2016 Page 182 / 228 Appendix A: A description of zoning districts referenced in this memo and their intent as adopted Section 4.02: A-1 Agricultural – Primary District 4.02.01 Intent The A-1 Agricultural District regulations are intended to provide for the preservation of lands best suited for agricultural uses of all types including feed lots and the commercial feeding of livestock and accessory uses; to prevent encroachment of uses of land that could be mutually incompatible and continue to provide for agricultural uses as a major uses to the economy of the area for the use and conservation of agricultural land, to protect the value of such land, and to protect it from indiscriminate residential and urban development and other incompatible and conflicting land uses. The A-1 Agricultural District is also intended to conserve and protect the value of open space, wooded areas, streams, mineral deposits and other natural resources and to protect them from incompatible land uses and to provide for their timely utilization. The district intends to provide for the location and to govern the establishment and operation of land uses that are compatible with agriculture and are of such nature that their location away from residential, commercial and industrial areas is most desirable. In addition, to provide for the location and to govern the establishment of residential uses which are accessory to and necessary for the conduct of agriculture and to provide for the location and to govern the establishment and use of limited non- agricultural residential uses. Such non-agricultural residential uses shall not be so located as to be detrimental to or conflict with other uses that are named as permitted or conditional uses in this district and are appropriate to other property in the area. The nature of the A-1 Agricultural District and the uses allowed outright or by conditional use permit precludes the provision of services, amenities and protection from other land uses which are afforded to residential uses by the regulations of other districts, and it is not intended that the A-1 Agricultural District regulations afford such services, amenities and protection to residential uses located therein. Section 4.03: A-2 – Secondary Agricultural District 4.03.01 Intent The intent of this district is to recognize the agricultural uses of land and communities; to encourage the continued use of that land which is suitable for agriculture, but limit the land uses that may be a detriment to the efficient pursuit of agricultural production. Section 4.04: A-3 Agricultural - Transitional District 4.04.01 Intent The intent of this district is to recognize the transition between agricultural uses of land and communities; to encourage the continued use of that land which is suitable for agriculture, but limit the land uses that may be a detriment to the efficient pursuit of agricultural production. Section 4.05: AG-SC Special Agriculture/Conservation Zone 4.05.01 Intent This special use district is to maintain lands in a predominately agricultural use, yet allow for limited, low impact recreational uses associated with pedestrian and equestrian trails, in accordance with the Cornhusker Army Ammunition Plant (CAAP) Comprehensive Reuse Plan. Ranch and farm dwellings are not allowed due to Environmental Protection Agency issues with the CAAP site. Grand Island Regular Meeting - 5/4/2016 Page 183 / 228 Section 4.06: AG-SE-Special Agriculture/Events Zone 1.06.01 Intent This special use district is to allow for agricultural uses as well as special agricultural demonstration event, expositions and trade shows that require large land areas, in accordance with the Cornhusker Army Ammunition Plant (CAAP) Comprehensive Reuse Plan. Ranch and farm dwellings are not allowed due to Environmental Protection Agency issues with the CAAP site. Adult Establishments are permitted uses in this Zoning District, but are regulated to control the negative secondary effects of these uses, as set forth in Article 3, Section 3.29. Section 4.07: AG-SI-Special Agriculture/Industrial Zone 4.07.01 Intent This special use district is to allow for agricultural uses as well as manufacturing, processing, fabrication, research, warehousing, storage and wholesaling facilities in accordance with the Cornhusker Army Ammunition Plant (CAAP) Comprehensive Reuse Plan. Ranch and farm dwellings are not allowed due to the Environmental Protection Agency issues with the CAAP site. Adult Establishments are permitted uses in this Zoning District, but are regulated to control the negative secondary effects of these uses, as set forth in Article 3, Section 3.29. Section 4.11: HC Highway Commercial District 4.11.01 Intent The intent of this district is to provide for those trade services, cultural and recreational uses that are appropriate to be developed in conjunction with a highway or major street, thereby offering a desired convenience in location and accessibility to the motoring public. Section 4.12: RC Restricted Commercial District 4.12.01 Intent The intent of this district is to provide for only those trade and service uses in conjunction with the federal interstate highway interchanges as are needed and considered appropriate to the location. Section 4.13: LC Local Commercial District 4.13.01 Intent The intent of this district is to provide for the retail trade, service, and cultural and recreational needs of local neighborhood areas. Section 4.14: LI Light Industrial District 4.14.01 Intent The intent of this district is to provide a wide range of industrial and commercial uses that shall be able to meet the rigid specifications as to nuisance free performance. Certain uses that are incompatible or would interfere with industrial development are excluded. Adult Establishments are permitted uses in this Zoning District, but are regulated to control the negative secondary effects of these uses, as set forth in Article 3, Section 3.29. Section 4.17: AGV Valentine Soil Overlay District Section 4.17.01 Intent The intent of this overlay district is to protect environmentally sensitive soils, especially those designated as the Valentine Soil Association. The primary location for this soil overlay in Hall County is in the North- Central region of the county. Grand Island Regular Meeting - 5/4/2016 Page 184 / 228 Section 4.18: AG-R River Corridor Agricultural District 4.18.01 Intent The intent of this district is to protect the environmentally sensitive lands along the Platte River corridor within Hall County. The corridor is designed to preserve the scenic quality of the Platte River by restricting agricultural and other uses which can be occurring in the corridor, and to allow the development of non- agricultural land uses which are compatible with maintaining the water quality and scenic quality of the river corridor and which are compatible with the agricultural uses permitted in the corridor areas. Grand Island Regular Meeting - 5/4/2016 Page 185 / 228 HALL COUNTY LAND USE MATRIX LAND USE CATEGORY A-1 A-2 A-3 AG - SC AG - SE AG - SI SRC R-1 R-M HC RC LC LI GI AGV AG-R T Trailer Wash Services-Livestock C C C C C P P C P Truck wash services C C C P P P P P P C C ZONING DISTRICT P = Permitted Use C = Conditional Use 1 Grand Island Regular Meeting - 5/4/2016 Page 186 / 228 Hall County Regional Planning Commission Wednesday, May 4, 2016 Regular Meeting Item F4 Public Hearing - Rezone Staff Contact: Chad Nabity Grand Island Regular Meeting - 5/4/2016 Page 187 / 228 Agenda Item 7 PLANNING DIRECTOR RECOMMENDATION TO REGIONAL PLANNING COMMISSION: April 21, 2016 SUBJECT:Rezoning Request C-17-2016GI PROPOSAL:To change the zoning for tracts of land in the SE ¼ of section 01-11-10 from R4 – High Density Residential Zone to B1 - Light Business Zone. The subject property is located west of Webb Road and north of Capital Avenue. OVERVIEW: Site Analysis Current zoning designation:R4-High Density Residential Zone Permitted and conditional uses:R4: Residential uses with a density of up to 42 units per acre and a variety of non-profit uses Comprehensive Plan Designation:Medium Density Residential to Office Commericial Designation to the south Existing land uses:Houses Site constraints:none Adjacent Properties Analysis Current zoning designations:North and West:R4-High Density Residential South: B1-Light Business, East: RO-Residential Office Permitted and conditional uses:RO: Residential and Professional Office uses. Retail uses limited to prescription services. No Billboards B1: General Service, retail and commercial uses excluding outdoor sales, Billboards R4: Residential uses with a density of up to 42 units per acre and a variety of non-profit uses Comprehensive Plan Designation: North and West: Medium Density Residential to Office South: Medium Density Residential to Office and Commercial East: Public Grand Island Regular Meeting - 5/4/2016 Page 188 / 228 Existing land uses:North: Housing and historic commercial uses South: Commercial/Office East: Veteran’s Home Property, Trees and Farm ground and Veteran’s Cemetery West: Detention Cell and Apartments EVALUATION: The proposed rezoning is largely consistent with the comprehensive plan. It is consistent with the proposed new improvements on Capital Avenue and with the existing surrounding uses. The existing houses are permitted in this zoning district and can continue until they transition to commercial uses more appropriate at the intersection of two major roads like Webb and Capital. Positive Implications: Compatible with adjacent land uses: The B1 zone is consistent with the current zoning on surrounding properties. Consistent with the street and traffic patterns: The proposed change will allow for a transition of commercial uses north of the intersection of Webb Road and Capital Avenue. The proximity of these properties to this intersection makes them suitable for commercial uses. Minimal Impact to Neighboring Properties: The property to the north has historically been used for quasi-commercial uses and the property to the west is a detention cell owned by the City Of Grand Island. Negative Implications: No negative implications foreseen. RECOMMENDATION: That the Regional Planning Commission recommends that the Grand Island City Council approve this request to amend the rezoning from R4 High Density Residential to B1 Light Business as presented. ___________________ Chad Nabity AICP, Planning Director Grand Island Regular Meeting - 5/4/2016 Page 189 / 228 Grand Island Regular Meeting - 5/4/2016 Page 190 / 228 Grand Island Regular Meeting - 5/4/2016 Page 191 / 228 Grand Island Regular Meeting - 5/4/2016 Page 192 / 228 Grand Island Regular Meeting - 5/4/2016 Page 193 / 228 April 19, 2016 Dear Members of the Board: Re: Rezone – Concerning the rezone of 2530 & 2540 N Webb Rd., in the City of Grand Island, Hall County, Nebraska from R4 – High Density Residential Zone to B1 – Light Business Zone. This property is located north of Capital Ave., and west of Webb Road. For reasons of Section 19-923 Revised Statues of Nebraska, as amended, there is herewith submitted a rezone request to the Grand Island Zoning Map from R4 – High Density Residential to B! General Business Zone. As shown on the enclosed map. You are hereby notified that the Regional Planning Commission will consider this zoning change at the next meeting that will be held at 6:00 p.m. on May 4, 2016 in the Council Chambers located in Grand Island's City Hall. Sincerely, Chad Nabity, AICP Planning Director cc: City Clerk City Attorney City Public Works City Building Department City Utilities This letter was sent to the following School Districts 1R, 2, 3, 19, 82, 83, 100, 126. Grand Island Regular Meeting - 5/4/2016 Page 194 / 228 Grand Island Regular Meeting - 5/4/2016 Page 195 / 228 Hall County Regional Planning Commission Wednesday, May 4, 2016 Regular Meeting Item M1 Final Plat - Jack Voss Horse County Club 4th Sub Staff Contact: Chad Nabity Grand Island Regular Meeting - 5/4/2016 Page 196 / 228 March 30, 2016 Dear Members of the Board: RE: Final Plat – Jack Voss Horse Country Club 4th Subdivision. For reasons of Section 19-923 Revised Statues of Nebraska, as amended, there is herewith submitted a final plat of Jack Voss Horse Country Club 4th Subdivision, located in Grand Island, in Hall County, Nebraska. This final plat proposes to create 2 lots, on a tract of land comprising all of Lot One (1), Jack Voss Horse Country Club Third Subdivision, in the City of Grand Island, Hall County, Nebraska, said tract containing 7.036 acres. You are hereby notified that the Regional Planning Commission will consider this final plat at the next meeting that will be held at 6:00 p.m. on April 13, 2016 in the Council Chambers located in Grand Island's City Hall. Sincerely, Chad Nabity, AICP Planning Director Cc: City Clerk City Attorney City Public Works City Utilities City Building Director Manager of Postal Operations Benjamin & Associates This letter was sent to the following School Districts 1R, 2, 3, 19, 82, 83, 100, 126. Grand Island Regular Meeting - 5/4/2016 Page 197 / 228 Grand Island Regular Meeting - 5/4/2016 Page 198 / 228 Grand Island Regular Meeting - 5/4/2016 Page 199 / 228 Grand Island Regular Meeting - 5/4/2016 Page 200 / 228 Hall County Regional Planning Commission Wednesday, May 4, 2016 Regular Meeting Item M2 Final Plat - North Doniphan Substation Subdivision Staff Contact: Chad Nabity Grand Island Regular Meeting - 5/4/2016 Page 201 / 228 March 30, 2016 Dear Members of the Board: RE: Final Plat – North Doniphan Substation Subdivision. For reasons of Section 19-923 Revised Statues of Nebraska, as amended, there is herewith submitted a final plat of North Doniphan Substation Subdivision, located in Hall County, Nebraska. This final plat proposes to create 1 lot, a tract of land comprising a part of the Northwest Quarter (NW1/4), Section Thirty Two (32), Township Ten (10) North, Range Nine (9) West of the 6th P.M. located in Hall County, Nebraska, said tract containing .808 acres. You are hereby notified that the Regional Planning Commission will consider this final plat at the next meeting that will be held at 6:00 p.m. on April 13, 2016 in the Council Chambers located in Grand Island's City Hall. Sincerely, Chad Nabity, AICP Planning Director Cc: County Clerk County Attorney County Zoning County Public Works Manager of Postal Operations Rockwell & Associates This letter was sent to the following School Districts 1R, 2, 3, 19, 82, 83, 100, 126. Grand Island Regular Meeting - 5/4/2016 Page 202 / 228 Grand Island Regular Meeting - 5/4/2016 Page 203 / 228 Grand Island Regular Meeting - 5/4/2016 Page 204 / 228 Grand Island Regular Meeting - 5/4/2016 Page 205 / 228 Hall County Regional Planning Commission Wednesday, May 4, 2016 Regular Meeting Item M3 Final Plat - Park Island Square Industrial 7th Sub Staff Contact: Chad Nabity Grand Island Regular Meeting - 5/4/2016 Page 206 / 228 April 19, 2016 Dear Members of the Board: RE: Final Plat – Park Island Square 7th Subdivision. For reasons of Section 19-923 Revised Statues of Nebraska, as amended, there is herewith submitted a final plat of Park Island Square 7th Subdivision, located in Grand Island, in Hall County, Nebraska. This final plat proposes to create 2 lots, a replat of all of Lot 1, Park Island Square 7th Subdivision in the City of Grand Island, Hall County, Nebraska, said tract containing 7.81 acres. You are hereby notified that the Regional Planning Commission will consider this final plat at the next meeting that will be held at 6:00 p.m. on May 4, 2016 in the Council Chambers located in Grand Island's City Hall. Sincerely, Chad Nabity, AICP Planning Director Cc: City Clerk City Attorney City Public Works City Utilities City Building Director Manager of Postal Operations Olsson Associates This letter was sent to the following School Districts 1R, 2, 3, 19, 82, 83, 100, 126. Grand Island Regular Meeting - 5/4/2016 Page 207 / 228 Grand Island Regular Meeting - 5/4/2016 Page 208 / 228 Grand Island Regular Meeting - 5/4/2016 Page 209 / 228 Grand Island Regular Meeting - 5/4/2016 Page 210 / 228 Hall County Regional Planning Commission Wednesday, May 4, 2016 Regular Meeting Item M4 Final Plat - Commercial Industrial Park 6th Sub Staff Contact: Chad Nabity Grand Island Regular Meeting - 5/4/2016 Page 211 / 228 April 19, 2016 Dear Members of the Board: RE: Final Plat – Commercial Industrial Park 6th Subdivision. For reasons of Section 19-923 Revised Statues of Nebraska, as amended, there is herewith submitted a final plat of Commercial Industrial Park 6th Subdivision, located in Grand Island, in Hall County, Nebraska. This final plat proposes to create 3 lots, on a tract of land comprising all of Lot Twelve (12) Commercial Industrial Park Subdivision of Part of Block One (1), Nelson Subdivision, Hall County, Nebraska, all of Lot Two (2), Commercial Industrial Park Fourth Subdivision and a .402 acre tract located in a Part of the Northeast Quarter of the Northwest Quarter (NE1/4NW1/4) of Section Twenty (20), Township Eleven (11) North, Range Nine (9) West of the 6th P.M., in the City of Grand Island, Hall County, Nebraska, said tract containing 4.409 acres. You are hereby notified that the Regional Planning Commission will consider this final plat at the next meeting that will be held at 6:00 p.m. on May 4, 2016 in the Council Chambers located in Grand Island's City Hall. Sincerely, Chad Nabity, AICP Planning Director Cc: City Clerk City Attorney City Public Works City Utilities City Building Director Manager of Postal Operations Rockwell & Assoc. This letter was sent to the following School Districts 1R, 2, 3, 19, 82, 83, 100, 126. Grand Island Regular Meeting - 5/4/2016 Page 212 / 228 Grand Island Regular Meeting - 5/4/2016 Page 213 / 228 Grand Island Regular Meeting - 5/4/2016 Page 214 / 228 Grand Island Regular Meeting - 5/4/2016 Page 215 / 228 Hall County Regional Planning Commission Wednesday, May 4, 2016 Regular Meeting Item M5 Vacate Denman Sub Staff Contact: Chad Nabity Grand Island Regular Meeting - 5/4/2016 Page 216 / 228 Grand Island Regular Meeting - 5/4/2016 Page 217 / 228 Grand Island Regular Meeting - 5/4/2016 Page 218 / 228 Hall County Regional Planning Commission Wednesday, May 4, 2016 Regular Meeting Item M6 Final Plat - Blauhorn Sub Staff Contact: Chad Nabity Grand Island Regular Meeting - 5/4/2016 Page 219 / 228 April 19, 2016 Dear Members of the Board: RE: Final Plat – Blauhorn Subdivision. For reasons of Section 19-923 Revised Statues of Nebraska, as amended, there is herewith submitted a final plat of Blauhorn Subdivision, located in Hall County, Nebraska. This final plat proposes to create 1 lot, a tract of land being part of the North Half (N1/2) of the Northwest Quarter (NW1/4) of Section Thirty (30), Township Ten (10) North, Range Ten (10) West of the 6th P.M. located in Hall County, Nebraska, said tract containing 6.68 acres. You are hereby notified that the Regional Planning Commission will consider this final plat at the next meeting that will be held at 6:00 p.m. on May 4, 2016 in the Council Chambers located in Grand Island's City Hall. Sincerely, Chad Nabity, AICP Planning Director Cc: County Clerk County Attorney County Zoning County Public Works Manager of Postal Operations Casey C. Sherlock Surveying This letter was sent to the following School Districts 1R, 2, 3, 19, 82, 83, 100, 126. Grand Island Regular Meeting - 5/4/2016 Page 220 / 228 Grand Island Regular Meeting - 5/4/2016 Page 221 / 228 Grand Island Regular Meeting - 5/4/2016 Page 222 / 228 Grand Island Regular Meeting - 5/4/2016 Page 223 / 228 Hall County Regional Planning Commission Wednesday, May 4, 2016 Regular Meeting Item M7 Final Plat - Hayman's 2nd Sub Staff Contact: Chad Nabity Grand Island Regular Meeting - 5/4/2016 Page 224 / 228 April 19, 2016 Dear Members of the Board: RE: Final Plat – Hayman’s 2nd Subdivision. For reasons of Section 19-923 Revised Statues of Nebraska, as amended, there is herewith submitted a final plat of Hayman’s 2nd Subdivision, located in Grand Island, in Hall County, Nebraska. This final plat proposes to create 2 lots, a Replat of all of Lot 11 and Lot 12, Hayman’s Subdivision, in the City of Grand Island, Hall County, Nebraska, said tract containing 4.75 acres. You are hereby notified that the Regional Planning Commission will consider this final plat at the next meeting that will be held at 6:00 p.m. on May 4, 2016 in the Council Chambers located in Grand Island's City Hall. Sincerely, Chad Nabity, AICP Planning Director Cc: City Clerk City Attorney City Public Works City Utilities City Building Director Manager of Postal Operations Olsson & Associates This letter was sent to the following School Districts 1R, 2, 3, 19, 82, 83, 100, 126. Grand Island Regular Meeting - 5/4/2016 Page 225 / 228 Grand Island Regular Meeting - 5/4/2016 Page 226 / 228 Grand Island Regular Meeting - 5/4/2016 Page 227 / 228 Grand Island Regular Meeting - 5/4/2016 Page 228 / 228