09-05-2006 City Council Study Session PacketCity of Grand Island
Tuesday, September 05, 2006
Study Session Packet
City Council:Mayor:
Jay Vavricek
City Administrator:
Gary Greer
City Clerk:
RaNae Edwards
T
u
7:00:00 PM
Council Chambers - City Hall
100 East First Street
Carole Cornelius
Peg Gilbert
Joyce Haase
Margaret Hornady
Robert Meyer
Mitchell Nickerson
Don Pauly
Jackie Pielstick
Scott Walker
Fred Whitesides
City of Grand Island City Council
Call to Order
Pledge of Allegiance
Roll Call
A - SUBMITTAL OF REQUESTS FOR FUTURE ITEMS
Individuals who have appropriate items for City Council consideration should complete the Request for Future Agenda
Items form located at the Information Booth. If the issue can be handled administratively without Council action,
notification will be provided. If the item is scheduled for a meeting or study session, notification of the date will be given.
B - RESERVE TIME TO SPEAK ON AGENDA ITEMS
This is an opportunity for individuals wishing to provide input on any of tonight's agenda items to reserve time to speak.
Please come forward, state your name and address, and the Agenda topic on which you will be speaking.
Invocation - Pastor David Zellmer, Messiah Lutheran Church, 708 North Locust
Street
MAYOR COMMUNICATION
This is an opportunity for the Mayor to comment on current events, activities, and issues of interest to the community.
City of Grand Island City Council
Item -1
Review of Chapter 5 of the Grand Island City Code Relative to
Animals
Tuesday, September 05, 2006
Study Session
City of Grand Island
Staff Contact: Dale Shotkoski
City of Grand Island City Council
Council Agenda Memo
From: Dale M. Shotkoski, Interim City Attorney
Meeting: September 5, 2006
Subject: Revisions to Grand Island City Code-Chapter 5, Animals
Item #’s: 1
Presenter(s): Dale M. Shotkoski, Interim City Attorney
Background
One of the goals set this year by Administration, the Mayor and City Council was to
revise and update the Grand Island City Code. As the effort to update the code is
continued, meeting were held with Brad Driml of the Humane Society to discuss changes
to Chapter 5.
Discussion
Recent meetings have been held by the Animal Advisory Board to discuss proposed
changes to Chapter 5 of the Grand Island City Code and the board would recommend the
following revisions.
· The Board would recommend that the definition of "vicious animal" be
eliminated from the language of Section 5-37. Under the proposed revision,
violations previously enforced under the definition of "vicious animal" will be
enforced under the definition of "dangerous animal".
· The Board would further recommend that the definition of "scratch" include "any
scraping with the claws or by oral captivity. This revision includes the
specification of oral captivity. Section 5-36 of the City Code pertains to
dangerous or potentially dangerous animals on an owner's property.
· The Animal Advisory Board would recommend that a dangerous animal should
be securely confined in an enclosed and locked pen or structure while attended.
· It is further recommended that any dangerous or potentially dangerous animal in
violation of Sections 5-36 and 5-37 may be immediately impounded by the
Humane Society with the owner of the animal being responsible for the costs
incurred by the Humane Society for the care of said animal.
· The Board also recommends that the Humane Society be authorized to confiscate
any dangerous or potentially dangerous animal who has bitten or inflicted a
wound on a human or domestic animal and eliminate the requirement of written
notice before doing so.
After much discussion by the Animal Advisory Board and receipt of public input, the
Board would recommend that citizens not be able to maintain more than ten chickens,
including no more than two roosters. Chickens and/or roosters must be fenced, screening
the visibility of the birds from other residences.
The City Code Revision Committee met with Brad Driml of the Humane Society to
discuss the proposed revisions to Chapter 5 of the City Code which were recommended
by the Animal Advisory Board. The City Code Revision Committee would recommend
the proposed revisions recommended by the Animal Advisory Board be accepted with the
exception of chickens. The City Code Revision Committee would recommend that no
chickens or roosters be allowed within the city limits of the City of Grand Island.
Conclusion
This item is presented to the City Council in a Study Session to allow for any questions to
be answered and to create a greater understanding of the issue at hand.
It is the intent of City Administration to bring this issue to a future council meeting for
the revision of Chapter 5 of the Grand Island City Code.
Approved as to Form ¤ ___________
September 1, 2006 ¤ City Attorney
ORDINANCE NO. ____
An ordinance to amend Chapter 5 of the Grand Island City Code; to amend
Chapter 5 for housekeeping issues; to amend the definition of dangerous animal and potentially
dangerous animal; to delete the definitions for fowl, vicious animal and Zoological Park; to
amend the regulations regarding dangerous and potentially dangerous animals to comply with
state law; to prohibit chickens and/or roosters; to remove references to vicious animals; to repeal
Chapter 5 as now existing, and any ordinance or parts of ordinances in conflict herewith; and to
provide for publication and the effective date of this ordinance.
BE IT ORDAINED BY THE MAYOR AND COUNCIL OF THE CITY OF
GRAND ISLAND, NEBRASKA:
SECTION 1. Chapter 5 of the Grand Island City Code is hereby amended to read
as follows:
CHAPTER 5
ANIMALS
Article I. General
§5-1. Definitions
As used in this chapter, the following terms mean:
Animal. Any live, vertebrate creature other than human beings.
Animal Shelter. Any facility operated by the City or the contracting agency for the purpose of impounding
or caring for animals held under the authority of this chapter.
Auctions. Any place or facility where animals are regularly bought, sold, or traded, except for those
facilities otherwise defined in this ordinance. This section does not apply to individual sales of animals by owners.
Birds. Any feathered vertebrate, including pigeons, but excluding poultry.
Bite. Any seizure with the teeth by an animal.
Circus. A commercial variety show featuring animal acts for public entertainment.
Commercial Animal Establishment. Any pet shop, grooming shop, auction, riding school or stable,
zoological park, circus, performing animal exhibition, or kennel (this term shall not include a veterinary hospital or
veterinary clinic).
Contracting Agency. The person, association, corporation, or partnership with which the City has
contracted to enforce the provisions of this chapter.
Dangerous Animal. Any animal that, according to the records of the Central Nebraska Humane Society: (a)
has killed or inflicted severe injury on a human being on public or private property; (b) has killed a domestic animal
without provocation while the animal was off the owner's property; or (c) has been previously determined to be a
potentially dangerous animal by an Humane Society officer and the owner has received notice of such determination
and such animal again aggressively bites, attacks, or endangers the safety of humans or domestic animals. A dog
shall not be defined as a dangerous dog if the threat, any injury that is not a severe injury, or the damage was
ORDINANCE NO. _____ (Cont.)
- 2 -
sustained by a person who, at the time, was committing a willful trespass or any other tort upon the property of the
owner of the dog, who was tormenting, abusing, or assaulting the dog, who has, in the past, been observed or
reported to have tormented, abused, or assaulted the dog, or who was committing or attempting to commit a crime.
Any animal that (a) has or inflicted severe injury on a human being on public or private property; (b) has killed a
domestic animal without provocation while the animal was off the owner's property; or (c) has been previously
determined to be a potentially dangerous animal according to this chapter and such animal subsequently and
aggressively bites, attacks, or endangers the safety of humans or domestic animals. Under (a) and (c) herein, the
animal shall not be considered a dangerous animal if the conduct of the animal in question is directed at a person:
(1) Who, at the time, was committing a willful trespass or any other tort upon the property of the owner of
the animal;
(2) Who, at the time, was tormenting, abusing, or assaulting the animal;
(3) Who, in the past, has been observed or reported to have tormented, abused, or assaulted the animal; or
(4) Who, at the time, was committing or attempting to commit a crime against the person, against public
peace, or relating to the property.
Enclosure. Any tract of land intended to restrain or contain an animal by means of a building, fence, or any
other means.
Fowl. Any poultry, other than pigeons.
Grooming Shop. A commercial establishment where animals are bathed, clipped, plucked, or otherwise
groomed.
Health Department. An agency with which the City contracts to enforce the provisions of Chapter 5 -
Animals of the Grand Island City Code.
Humane Society. The Central Nebraska Humane SocietyAn agency with which the City contracts to
enforce the provisions of Chapter 5 - Animals of the Grand Island City Code.
Humane Society Officer. Any police officer, Health Department employee, or employee of the contracting
agency who is performing the duty of enforcing the provisions of this chapter.
Kennel. Any premises wherein any person engages in the business of boarding, breeding, buying, letting for
hire, training for a fee, or selling dogs or cats.
Livestock . Any hoofed animal commonly associated with domestic agricultural purposes, including but not
limited to: horses, mules, donkeys, cows, sheep, goats, llamas, hogs, and miniature pot belly pigs.
Owner. Any person, partnership, or corporation owning, keeping, harboring one or more animals. An
animal shall be deemed to be harbored if it is fed or sheltered for three consecutive days or more.
Performing Animal Exhibition. Any spectacle, display, act, or event other than circuses in which
performing animals are used.
Pet. Any animal kept for pleasure rather than utility.
Pet Shop. Any person, partnership, or corporation, whether operated separately or in connection with
another business except for a licensed kennel, that buys, sells, or boards any species of animal.
Potentially Dangerous Animal. (a) Any animal that when unprovoked (1) inflicts a non-severe injury on a
human or injures a domestic animal either on public or private property or (2) chases or approaches a person upon
streets, sidewalks, or any public grounds in a menacing fashion or apparent attitude of attack or (b) any specific dog
with a known propensity, tendency, or disposition to attack when unprovoked, to cause injury, or to threaten the
safety of humans or domestic animals.
(a) Any animal that (1) bites or inflicts a wound that is not severe on a human or injures a domestic animal either on
public or private property, or (2) chases or approaches a person upon streets, sidewalks, or any public grounds in a
menacing fashion or apparent attitude or attack; or (b) any dog with a known propensity, tendency, or disposition to
attack when unprovoked, to cause injury, or to threaten the safety of humans or domestic anima ls.
Restraint. Any animal secured by a leash or lead, or under the control of a responsible person and obedient
to that person's commands, or within the real property limits of its owner.
Residence. The structure used as a domicile by a person or a family.
Riding School or Stable. Any place which has available for hire, boarding and/or riding instruction, any
horse, pony, donkey, mule, or burro.
Running at Large. Running at large shall mean any dog or other animal off the premises of the owner and
not under the immediate control of a person physically capable of restraining the animal by holding a leash, cord,
chain, wire, rope, cage or other suitable means of physical restraint or if the animal is out of doors on the premises of
ORDINANCE NO. _____ (Cont.)
- 3 -
the owner, the animal shall be in an adequately fenced in area or securely fastened to a leash or chain to prevent the
animal from leaving the owner's premises.
Scratch. Any scraping with the claws by an animal which causes an abrasion, puncture or wound of the
skin.
Severe Injury. Any physical injury to a person that results in disfiguring lacerations requiring multiple
sutures or cosmetic surgery, or one or more broken bones, or that creates a potential danger to the life or health of a
victim.
Shelter. Any structure with a roof and walls designed and/or intended to house one or more animals.
Veterinary Hospital or Veterinary Clinic. Any establishment maintained and operated by a licensed
veterinarian for surgery, diagnosis and treatment of diseased and injured animals.
Vicious Animal. Any animal that has killed a human being as well as any animal that while off of its
owner's property kills another domestic animal. Also any animal that conforms to the definition of a dangerous
animal and that could not be controlled or restrained by its owner at the time of any occurrence underlying the
animal’s declaration as a dangerous animal or which cannot be sufficiently controlled or restrained by the animal’s
owner to prevent any such occurrence in the future. An animal that has previously been declared dangerous or
potentially dangerous that bites or inflicts a wound on a human or on a domestic animal will not be considered
sufficiently controlled and may be declared a vicious animal by the Director of the Humane Society.
Wild Animal. Any live animal normally found living in a state of nature and not normally subjected to
domestication, including but not limited to: monkeys, raccoons, skunks, snakes, and lions, but excluding birds.
Zoological Park. Any facility, other than a pet shop or kennel, displaying or exhibiting one or more species
of nondomesticated animals operated by a person, partnership, corporation, or government agency.
§5-2. Animal Advisory Board; Establishment
There is hereby established the Animal Advisory Board of the City of Grand Island, whose duty it shall be
to advise the mayor and city council on all matters relating to this chapter. The board shall be composed of seven
members: four members appointed by the mayor subject to confirmation by the city council; and the chief of police
or his/her designee, the director of the humane society or his/her designee, and the director of the department of
health or his/her designee. Appointed members shall serve without compensation. The Animal Advisory Board shall
meet during the first week of January and the first week of July of each year and/or such other occasions as may be
established by said board. Attendance by any four or more members shall constitute a quorum.
§5-3. Composition and Term
Said advisory board shall be composed of one veterinarian and three representatives from the community at
large. The chief of police or his/her designee, the director of the humane society or his/her designee, and the director
of the department of health or his/her designee shall serve as ex officio members. The original appointees to the
Animal Advisory Board shall serve terms as follows: One for one year, one for two years, and one for three years.
Thereafter, all appointments shall be for three year terms, provided, any appointment to fill a vacancy shall only be
for the unexpired portion of the term of the member being replaced. The mayor may remove any appointed member
without cause.
§5-4. Enforcement; Jurisdiction; Agencies; Duties
(A) This chapter shall be enforced only within the corporate limits of the City of Grand Island.
(B) The Code provisions of this chapter shall be enforced by the agency with which the City contracts to
enforce said provisions and the Police Department. All employees of said contracting agency shall be designated
humane society officers for the purposes of this chapter.
(C) The Health Department shall assist in enforcement of code provisions relating to public health, safety
and welfare.
§5-5. Interference with Humane Society Officer
It shall be unlawful for any person to interfere with a humane society officer in the performance of his
duties.
ORDINANCE NO. _____ (Cont.)
- 4 -
Article II. Commercial Animal Establishments
§5-6. Commercial Animal Establishments
All provisions of this chapter relating to the care and control of animals shall apply to commercial animal
establishments as to all animals not kept for sale or resale; and, as to all animals kept for sale or resale, all provisions
shall apply except for the enclosure distance requirements set forth in §5-16 and §5-17; the limitations of the number
of animals set forth in §5-18; the minimum area requirements set forth in §5-18; the prohibition of chickens and
roosters set forth in §5-41.1 [Committee recommendation]; and the registration of dogs and cats set forth in §5-12.
§5-7. Permits Required
No person, partnership, or corporation shall operate a commercial animal establishment within the City of
Grand Island without first obtaining a commercial permit. Operation of a commercial animal establishment without
a commercial animal establishment permit shall constitute a public nuisance, subject to abatement pursuant to §20-
15 of the Grand Island City Code.
§5-8. Commercial Permits; Fee; Renewal
(A) A commercial permit fee as adopted by the humane society board and identified in accordance with
the City of Grand Island Fee Schedule shall be paid to the humane society health department for each commercial
animal establishment within the City.
(B) Each permit shall be effective for one year, beginning on August 1 of each year and ending on July 31
of the following year.
(C) Renewal applications shall be made no sooner than thirty days prior to, nor later than thirty days after,
the first day of August.
§5-9. Commercial Permits; Transfer
Permits may be transferred upon a change of ownership of a commercial animal establishment upon
payment of a transfer fee as adopted by the humane society board and identified in accordance with the City of
Grand Island Fee Schedule.
§5-10. Commercial Establishments; Inspections
It shall be a condition of the issuance of a permit for operating a commercial animal establishment, that the
City or the Health Department shall be permitted to inspect the premises and all animals thereon semi-annually.
Refusal to allow an inspection by an authorized agent of the City or Health Department shall be a ground for
revocation of said permit.
All commercial animal establishments shall comply with the Minimum Standards of Sanitation, Care, and
Adequate Housing to be promulgated and adopted by the Animal Advisory Board and approved by the Mayor and
City Council. Copies of the Minimum Standards of Sanitation, Care, and Adequate Housing shall be on file with the
City Clerk and the humane society, and shall be available for public inspection.
§5-11. Commercial Permits; Revocation
The city council may, after notice and hearing as provided by law, revoke or suspend any commercial
permit for one or more of the following causes:
(A) Refusal by the commercial permit holder to allow the City or the humane society to inspect the
premises or examine the animals thereon.
(B) The conviction of the commercial permit holder or any of his or her employees for the offense of
cruelty to animals, whether or not said conviction is based upon the treatment of any animal on the premises of the
commercial animal establishment.
(C) Three or more convictions of the commercial permit holder and/or any of his or her employees for
violations of any provision of this chapter within any twelve month period where said violations are based upon the
care and/or control of the animals on the premises of said establishment.
ORDINANCE NO. _____ (Cont.)
- 5 -
Article III. Animal Pet Licenses
§5-12. Registration FeeTax; Amounts; Delinquent
(A) The owner of any dog or cat over the age of six months in the City of Grand Island shall pay an annual
pet license fee tax for said dog or cat. Such fee shall be adopted by the humane society board and identified in
accordance with the City of Grand Island Fee Schedule.
The annual pet license as provided in this section shall be for the period of January 1 through December 31
of the licensing year. The pet license provided for by this section shall be secured by each new owner or new
resident within thirty days of establishing residency in the City or after acquiring said animal, notwithstanding the
fact that the dog or cat may have been registered within the annual period by a previous owner or that the dog or cat
had been registered with another authority other than the City of Grand Island.
(B) The fee tax required in (A) above shall become due on January 1 of the licensing year and shall
become delinquent on March 1 of each year. The owner of any dog or cat in the City of Grand Island registering the
same after said fee tax has become delinquent shall pay a surcharge in accordance with the fees adopted by the
humane society board and identified in the City of Grand Island Fee Schedule.
(C) No dog or cat shall be registered and licensed unless and until the owner shall display a certificate of a
licensed veterinarian showing that such dog or cat has been vaccinated for rabies.
§5-13. Pet Tag; Issuance
(A) Upon the payment of the pet license fee tax required by §5-12, the owner shall be issued a metal tag
for each dog or cat registered, which tag shall be marked and numbered with the year for which the tag is purchased
and fee tax paid, and the number corresponding with the number of the dog or cat on the fee tax list. The pet tag
must be attached to a collar or a harness and must be worn by each dog or cat at all times.
(B) Each dog or cat registered must be listed and numbered by the treasurer.
(C) If a pet license tag is lost, a replacement tag must be issued upon payment of a fee as adopted by the
humane society board and identified in accordance with the City of Grand Island Fee Schedule.
Article IV. Animal Care
§5-14. Shelter Required
No owner shall fail to provide his or her pets with shelter of sufficient size to allow each pet to lie down,
and of sufficient construction to shield the pets from the wind, sun, and from precipitation.
§5-15. Enclosure Required
No owner shall fail to confine his or her animals within an enclosure of sufficient size and design to prevent
the animal from escaping or to restrain said animal by a rope, chain, or stake in such a manner as to prevent such
animal from going onto any public property or onto the property of another.
§5-16. Enclosures; Requirements
(A) All enclosures and restraints required by §5-15 which are used to confine horses, mules, donkeys,
cows, sheep, goats or llamas shall be no less than 150 feet from any residence other than the residence of the owner
of said enclosure unless a waiver or variance is obtained as provided in subsection (C) below.
(B) All enclosures and restraints required by §5-15 which are used to confine rabbits, birds, or chickens
fowl shall be at least fifteen (15) feet from any privately-owned property abutting the owner's property. Enclosures
for chickens, including roosters, shall be a solid fence that screens visibility of the chickens from any other
residence. [AAB recommendation]
(C) The owner of any animal affected by subsection (A) may keep or maintain an enclosure within the
prohibited distance by either obtaining a waiver from all property owners within the prohibited distance stating that
said property owners do not object to the keeping of animals within the prohibited distance, and filing the same with
the humane society, or obtaining a variance from the city council; provided, that no variance shall be granted by the
city council for a distance less than 75 feet. The council shall consider the following factors in determining whether
or not to issue a variance:
ORDINANCE NO. _____ (Cont.)
- 6 -
(1) That the variance, if allowed, is in harmony with the general purpose and interest of this animal
ordinance;
(2) That there are practical difficulties or practical hardships in the way of carrying out the strict letter
of this animal ordinance;
(3) For the purpose of supplementing the above requirements, the council in making the determination
whether there are practical difficulties or particular hardships, shall also take into consideration the extent
to which the following facts, favorable to the applicant, have been established by the evidence:
(i) that the majority of the applicant's neighbors have presented no objection to the proposed
variance;
(ii) that the variance, if granted, would not be a threat to the public health, safety, and welfare;
(iii) that the variance, if granted, would not materially reduce the marketability of surrounding
real property.
(4) Upon the filing of a request for variance under this subsection, the city clerk shall cause notice of
the time and place of the hearing for variance to be mailed to the head of all residences within one hundred
fifty (150) feet of the enclosure for which the variance is sought.
§5-17. Enclosures; Registration Required
(A) The location of all enclosures with the distance requirements as set forth by §5-16 shall be registered
with the humane society within ten days of placing any animal upon an unregistered location. Said registration shall
be non-reoccurring for each owner, but shall be nontransferable.
(B) The location of all enclosures in existence prior to the effective date of this ordinance shall be
registered with the humane society within 90 days of the effective date of this ordinance.
§5-18. Number of Animals; Limits
(A) No residential property shall have more than one of the following animals over weaning age per half
acre of outdoor enclosure area where said animals are of the following livestock species:
(1) horses;
(2) mules;
(3) donkeys;
(4) cows;
(5) sheep;
(6) goats; and
(7) llamas;
(i.e. two acres of outside enclosure area may be occupied by two horses and two cows, not four horses and four
cows).
(B) All residential properties which do not comply with this subsection as of May 1, 1997 shall either be
brought into compliance by September 1, 1997 or shall obtain a conditional use permit as provided by §36-82 of this
Code. The issuance of the conditional use permit shall be subject to the following conditions:
(1) A description of the species and numbers of animals to be kept on the premises during
the term of the conditional use permit shall accompany this application.
(2) Written waivers approving the proposed conditional use permit shall be obtained from
all persons residing within one hundred fifty (150.0) feet of the subject property and shall
accompany the application.
(3) If the subject property shall be brought into compliance with Section (A) above for one
hundred eighty (180) or more consecutive days, the conditional use permit shall terminate and
shall not be renewed or reissued.
(C) No residential property shall have more than thirty (30) rabbits or fowl at any one time.
(D) No residential property shall have more than ten (10 chickens at any one time. No residential property
shall have more than two (2) roosters at any one time. Roosters shall be counted within the maximum number of
chickens allowed. [AAB recommendation]
(E)(D) No residential property shall have more than 64 birds over six months of age at any one time.
(F)(E) For the purposes of this section, the number of animals permitted to be kept under subsection (A)
shall be reduced by one if rabbits are also kept on said property, and also by one if birds or fowl are kept on said
property.
ORDINANCE NO. _____ (Cont.)
- 7 -
(G)(F) No residential property shall have more than four dogs and/or cats over four months of age.
(H)(G) No residential property shall have more than four different species of animals sheltered and/or
enclosed outside the residence.
§5-19. Reserved
§5-20. Shelters and Enclosures; Sanitation
No owner shall fail to keep the shelters and enclosures on his or her property in a sanitary condition. As a
minimum, owners shall not fail to:
(A) Remove or dispose of in a sanitary manner, the bedding, offal manure, and waste materials
accumulating from livestock at least once every seven (7) days.
(B) Remove or dispose of in a sanitary manner, the bedding, offal manure, and waste materials
accumulating from all other animals at least once daily.
(C) Clean and disinfect said shelters and enclosures so as to prevent the breeding of flies and insects and
the emission of deleterious and offensive odors therefrom.
§5-21. Food, Water, Health Care; Owner's Duty
(A) No owner shall fail to provide food and water for his or her animals, or fail to seek veterinary care for
any such animals that are sick or injured. Food and water container shall be of sufficient weight and design as to
preclude readily tipping over and spilling the contents.
(B) No owner shall leave his or her pets without shelter in subzero degree or stormy weather.
§5-22. Cruelty to Animals Prohibited
(A) No person shall beat, mistreat, torment, tease, or otherwise abuse any animal.
(B) No person shall cause, instigate, or permit any fight or other combat between animals, or between
animals and humans.
§5-23. Abandonment of Animals Prohibited
No owner of an animal shall abandon such animal.
§5-24. Exposing Poison Prohibited
No person shall expose any known poisonous substance, whether mixed with food or not, so that the same
shall be liable to be eaten by any animal; provided, that it shall not be unlawful for a person to expose common rat
poison mixed only with vegetable substances on his or her own property.
§5-25. Accidents Involving Animals; Duties
No person who, as the operator of a motor vehicle, strikes an animal, shall fail to stop at once and render
such assistance as may be possible and shall immediately report such injury or death to the animal's owner, the
police, or the animal control agency for the City.
§5-26. Ear Cropping, Dewclaw Removal, and Taildocking; Prohibition
No person, other than a licensed veterinarian, shall crop the ears, remove the dewclaws, or dock the tail of
an animal.
§5-27. Restricted Sale of Chicks and Ducklings
Chickens or ducklings younger than eight weeks of age may not be sold in quantities of less than twenty-
five to a single purchaser.
§5-28. Animals as Prizes Prohibited
No person shall give away any live animal, fish, reptile, or bird as a prize for, or as an inducement to enter,
any contest, game, or other competition, or as an inducement to enter a place of amusement; or offer such animal as
an incentive to enter into any business agreement whereby the offer was for the purpose of attracting trade.
ORDINANCE NO. _____ (Cont.)
- 8 -
§5-29. Performing Animal Exhibitions
(A) No performing animal exhibition or circus shall be permitted in which animals are induced or
encouraged to perform through the use of chemical, mechanical, electrical, or manual devices in a manner which
will cause, or is likely to cause, physical injury or suffering.
(B) All equipment used on a performing animal shall fit properly and be in good working condition.
Article V. Rabies Control
§5-30. Rabies Vaccination
(A) No owner of a dog, cat or ferret over the age of three (3) months shall fail to cause the same to be
vaccinated against rabies by a duly licensed veterinarian.
(B) No owner of a dog, cat, or ferret vaccinated as required by subsection (A) shall fail to have such dog,
cat, or ferret revaccinated within ten days of the expiration date set forth for the original or any subsequent
vaccination of said dog, cat, or ferret.
§5-31. Vaccination Certificate
Every veterinarian who vaccinates a dog, cat, or ferret for rabies shall provide the owner thereof with a
certificate showing the date of such vaccination. A copy of each such certificate or a compilation thereof providing
notification that a vaccination certificate has been issued shall be provided by each veterinary hospital or veterinary
clinic to the humane society by the 10th of each month following the date of issuance.
§5-32. Vaccination Certificate; Duty to Exhibit
The owner of a vaccinated dog, cat, or ferret shall exhibit the certificate of vaccination to any humane
society officer upon demand.
Article VI. Animal Control
§5-33. Stallions, Jacks, and Bulls
No owner of any stallion, jack, or bull shall indecently exhibit the same or permit any such animal to be
bred to any mare, jenny, or cow, except where the same is not exposed to public view.
§5-34. Running at Large; Restraint Required
It shall be unlawful for any owner to suffer or permit any dog or other animal to run at large within the
corporate limits of the City of Grand Island. "Running at Large" shall mean any dog or other animal off the premises
of the owner and not under the immediate control of a person physically capable of restraining the animal by holding
a leash, cord, chain, wire, rope, cage or other suitable means of physical restraint or if the animal is out of doors on
the premises of the owner, the animal shall be in an adequate fenced in area or securely fastened to a leash or chain
to prevent the animal from leaving the owner's premises. It shall be the duty of the city animal control officer or
other appropriate city law enforcement officer to impound any dog found running at large within the City of Grand
Island. Every dog found running t large in violation of this or any other section of the Grand Island City Code is
declared to be a public nuisance and may be impounded.
§5-34.1. Animal Training and Shows
Animals may be off a leash when they are being trained for hunting or an animal show at a facility that is
owned, leased or operated by a nationally recognized organization or a local affiliate sanctioned by such
organization for the training, showing and betterment of animals such as the American Kennel Club or the United
Kennel Club. Animals may be off of a leash at an animal show that is sanctioned by a nationally recognized animal
organization if such show obtains a permit from the Grand Island Humane Society. The application for said permit
shall set forth the date and place of the show or event, and list the types of activities that will be taking place at the
event. If the activities at such animal show do not violate any of the provisions of the Grand Island City Code other
than the running at large ordinance, or involve inhumane treatment of the animals at such event then a permit shall
ORDINANCE NO. _____ (Cont.)
- 9 -
be issued by the Grand Island Humane Society and a copy of the permit shall be sent to the Grand Island City Clerk
and to the Grand Island Police Department.
§5-34.2. Animals Used and Trained for Law Enforcement; Exemption
Any animal used by law enforcement agencies including but not limited to the City of Grand Island Police
Department, the Hall County Sheriff's Department or the Nebraska State Patrol shall be exempted from the
provisions of the Grand Island City Ordinances including the Animal Running at Large and Dangerous Dogs
Ordinances while such animal is being trained or used for law enforcement purposes.
§5-35. Isolation of Female Animals in Heat
No owner of a female cat or dog in heat shall fail to take reasonable measures to isolate said female from
male cats and dogs to prevent contact with such male animals except for planned breeding.
§5-36. Dangerous Animals or Potentially Dangerous Animals on Owner's Property
(A) While unattended on the owner's property, a dangerous animal A dangerous animal or potentially
dangerous animal shall be securely confined, in a humane manner, indoors or outdoors in a securely enclosed and
locked pen or structure suitably designed to prevent the entry of young children and to prevent the animal from
escaping. The pen or structure shall have secure sides and a secure top. If the pen or structure has no bottom secured
to the sides, the sides shall be embedded into the ground. The pen or structure shall also protect the animal from the
elements. The owner of a dangerous animal shall post a warning sign on the property where the animal is kept that is
clearly visible and that informs persons that a dangerous animal is on the property.
(B) All pens or structures for confining dangerous animals or potentially dangerous animals constructed
after May 1, 1997 shall be at least five (5.0) feet from any privately-owned property abutting the animal owners'
property.
§5-37. Dangerous Animals and Vicious Animals; Restraint; Impoundment; Confiscation
(A) No owner of a dangerous or potentially dangerous animal shall fail to keep such animal securely
muzzled and restrained by a leash or chain whenever off the owner's property.
(B) Any dangerous animal or potentially dangerous animal in violation of §5-36 or §5-37 of the Grand
Island City Code may be immediately impounded by humane society officers. The owner shall be responsible for
the costs incurred by the humane society for the care of the dangerous animal confiscated by the humane society or
for the destruction of any dangerous animal if the action by the humane society is pursuant to law. pending the
owner paying the costs of confinement, licensing and vaccination, if applicable, and demonstrating the ability of
complying with said sections thereafter.
(C) In the event an animal previously declared dangerous or potentially dangerous has been cited for
running at large on two separate occasions subsequent to service of written notice on the animal's owner pursuant to
§5-47 of this code, such animal shall be declared a vicious animal and ownership of such animal shall be
relinquished to the Humane Society in accordance with §5-47(C).
(C)(D) In the event an animal conforming to the definition of dangerous or potentially dangerous bites or
inflicts a wound on a human or domestic animal, the dangerous animal shall be immediately confiscated by a
humane society officer, placed in quarantine for the proper length of time, and thereafter destroyed in an expeditious
and humane manner. subsequent to service of written notice on the animals' owner pursuant to §5-47 of this code,
such animal may be declared a vicious animal and if the animal is declared to be vicious, ownership of such animal
shall be relinquished to the Humane Society in accordance with §5-47(C).
(E) Any animal that has killed a human being as well as any animal that while off of its owner's property
kills another domestic animal may be declared vicious and if declared vicious, ownership shall be relinquished to the
Humane Society.
(E)(F) Disposition of any dangerous animal or potentially dangerous animal impounded for violation of
§5-36 or §5-37 shall be governed by §5-44.
§5-38. Animal Noise
(A) No owner shall allow conditions to exist on said owner's property whereby the owner's animal or
animals annoy or disturb any neighborhood or any person by loud, continuous, or frequent barking, howling,
yelping, or crowing.
ORDINANCE NO. _____ (Cont.)
- 10 -
(B) No owner shall allow conditions to exist on said owner's property whereby the owner's roosters can be
heard crowing. [AAB recommendation]
§5-39. Pet Excreta; Removal by Owner
The owner of any animal which deposits excreta on public property, or private property, shall be
responsible for its removal. It shall be a violation of this section for the owner to fail to immediately remove such
excreta when notified of its existence and location, either by the City or by the owner of the property on which the
excreta was deposited.
§5-40. Wild Animals Prohibited
(A) No person shall keep, or permit to be kept on their residential premises any wild animal as a pet, for
display, or for exhibition purposes, except as those on an Approved Animal List to be promulgated and adopted by
the Animal Advisory Board and approved by the Mayor and City Council. Copies of the Approved Animal List shall
be on file with the City Clerk and the humane society, and shall be available for public inspection.
(B) No person or commercial animal establishment shall offer any wild animal for sale unless included on
the Approved Animal List.
(C) The owner of any wild animal listed on the Approved Animal List over the age of six (6) months shall
pay an annual wild animal license fee tax as adopted by the humane society board and identified in accordance with
the City of Grand Island Fee Schedule. The annual wild animal license, as provided in this section, shall be for the
period of January 1 through December 31 of the licensing year. The wild animal license provided for by this section
shall be secured by each owner or new resident within thirty (30) days of establishing residency in the City or after
acquiring said animal, notwithstanding the fact that the wild animal may have been registered within the annual
period by a previous owner or that the wild animal may have been registered in another authority other than the City
of Grand Island. The wild animal license fee tax shall become due on January 1 of the licensing year and shall
become delinquent on March 1 of each year. The wild animal license tax for 1997 shall become due on May 1, 1997
and shall become delinquent on July 1, 1997.
(D) In the event a person wishes to keep or permit to be kept on his residential premises, any wild animal
not listed on the Approved Animal List, application in writing may be made to the Animal Advisory Board for
adding said species to the Approved Animal List. The primary factor to be considered by the Animal Advisory
Board in adding a species to the Approved Animal List shall be whether allowing animals of said species to be kept
within the corporate limits of the City of Grand Island presents a risk to public health, safety and welfare or the
health, safety and welfare of other species already allowed to be kept as pets.
§5-41. Swine Prohibited
No person shall keep or maintain swine, including the species known as miniature potbellied pigs, on his or
her residential premises within the City.
§5-41.1. Roosters and Chickens Prohibited
No person shall keep or maintain roosters or chickens on his or her residential premises within the city.
[Committee recommendation]
§5-42. Impoundment of Animals at Large
All animals not under restraint may be taken into custody by any police officer or humane society officer
and impounded in the animal shelter and there confined in a humane manner.
§5-43. Rabies Control; Reporting and Impoundment
(A) Any unvaccinated dog or cat suspected of biting or scratching any person or exposing an individual to
the possibility of contracting rabies shall be taken into custody by a humane society officer or police officer and
impounded in the animal shelter for a period of not less than ten days, or such additional period as directed by a
licensed veterinarian or medical professional treating the aforementioned injury.
(B) Any dog or cat currently vaccinated for rabies which is suspected of biting or scratching any person
shall be confined by the owner of the animal for a period of not less than ten days; provided, that impoundment in
the animal shelter shall be required if the victim, victim's legal guardian, or the victim's physician requests such
impoundment; and provided further, that if said owner has on any prior occasion of a dog or cat bite or scratch,
ORDINANCE NO. _____ (Cont.)
- 11 -
failed or refused to confine the animal as required by this section, said animal shall be impounded at the animal
shelter or a veterinary clinic of the owner's choosing.
(C) Any ferret suspected of biting any person or exposing an individual to the possibility of contracting
rabies shall be taken into custody by a humane society officer or police officer for immediate euthanization for the
determination of rabies. Any ferret suspected of scratching any person shall be taken into custody by a humane
society officer or police officer for immediate euthanization for determination of rabies if there is reasonable cause
to believe said ferret has exposed such person to the possibility of contracting rabies.
(D) No owner of an animal suspected of biting or scratching any person, upon information and notice of
the incident, shall fail or neglect to immediately place the animal in the custody of the humane society officer or
police officer for impoundment at the animal shelter. Upon request and authorization by the owner of any animal
impounded for observation under subsections (A), (B) or (C) above, said animal may be placed in the custody of a
licensed veterinarian for the requisite observation period.
(E) All incidents of biting or scratching shall be reported in writing to the humane society by the medical
professional treating the injury, the injured party, or in the case of a minor child, the parent or guardian.
(F) The term "scratching" as used in this section shall include only those incidents which result from
known or suspected aggressive action or attack by a dog, cat or ferret.
§5-44. Impounded Animals; Disposition
(A) All domestic animals impounded pursuant to §5-42 shall be retained until redeemed by their owner
upon payment of an impoundment fee as adopted by the humane society board and identified in accordance with the
City of Grand Island Fee Schedule.
(B) All animals that are not domestic animals, including but not limited to feral cats, may be humanely
euthanized as soon as they are captured or otherwise taken into custody.
(C) All animals impounded pursuant to §5-43 shall be retained until completion of the observation period
and the determination by a licensed veterinarian that said animal is not infected with rabies, and then may be
redeemed by its owner upon payment of the fees for impoundment and cost of care as adopted by the humane
society board and identified set forth in accordance with the City of Grand Island Fee Schedule.
(D) Any domestic animal not claimed by its owner within three clear working days after being impounded
under §§5-42 or 5-43, shall become the property of the contracting agency and may be placed for adoption or
humanely euthanized by said agency at its discretion. The foregoing time period shall not include the day of
impoundment.
(E) Any animals determined to have rabies by a licensed veterinarian shall be destroyed as soon as
possible after that determination is made.
(F) All domestic animals impounded pursuant to the City of Grand Island Fee Schedule shall be retained
until redeemed by their owner upon payment of fees for impoundment and cost of care in an amount adopted by the
humane society board and identified in as set forth in the Grand Island Fee Schedule. Any domestic animal not
claimed within three (3) clear working days after being impounded or such extended period as is granted in writing
by the contracting agency to allow the animal’s owner to construct a pen or structure in conformance with §5-36
shall become the property of the contracting agency and may be placed for adoption or humanely euthanized by said
agency at its discretion. The foregoing time period shall not include the day of impoundment.
(G) No dog or cat impounded under §5-37, §5-42 or §5-43 shall be released until said animal is vaccinated
and licensed as required by the provisions of this ordinance.
Article VII. Penalties
§5-45. General Penalty
Any person violating any provision of this chapter shall be fined pursuant to §1-7 of this code. If a violation
is of a continuing nature, each day of the violation shall constitute a separate violation.
§5-46. Nuisance
Any owner or any person in possession of any animal regulated by this chapter who fails to care for and
control said animal shall be deemed to be maintaining a nuisance subject to abatement pursuant to §20-15 of the
Grand Island City Code upon written request by the Director of the Department of Health, the Grand Island Police
ORDINANCE NO. _____ (Cont.)
- 12 -
Department, the Director of the Humane Society, or the Code Enforcement Officer to the City Attorney, the
abatement of which shall be the forfeiture of the animal or animals in violation. The procedure for abatement of
nuisances set forth in §20-15 of the Grand Island City Code shall be followed in all cases not involving an imminent
threat to public health, safety or welfare or the health, safety or welfare of the animal or animals in violation.
In the event continuation of a public nuisance might cause irreparable harm or poses a serious threat to
public health, safety or welfare or the health, safety or welfare of residents of the property in violation, the written
notice to abate pursuant to §20-15 of the Grand Island City Code shall not be required as a condition precedent to
commencing a legal action to obtain abatement of the nuisance and the City of Grand Island, with the consent of the
Mayor, may immediately file an action requesting such temporary or permanent order as is appropriate to
expeditiously and permanently abate said nuisance and protect the public health, safety or welfare or the health
safety or welfare of the residents of the property in violation.
Article VIII. Appeal Procedure
§5-47. Dangerous, and Potentially Dangerous, and Vicious Animals; Declaration; Appeal; Disposition
(A) If it shall appear to the Director of the Humane Society that any animal conforms to the definition of a
dangerous animal, or potentially dangerous animal, or vicious animal, written notice declaring the animal a
dangerous or vicious animal shall be delivered to the animal’s owner either by personal service or by mail addressed
to the last known address of said owner.
(B) In the case of a dangerous animal or potentially dangerous animal, within five (5) days of personal
service or mailing of a notice of declaration to the animal’s owner said owner shall either provide reasonable proof
of compliance with §5-36 and §5-37 of the Grand Island City Code or shall deliver said animal to the Humane
Society for impoundment and disposition pursuant to §5-37(B). Refusal or failure by the owner of any animal
declared a dangerous animal or potentially dangerous animal to comply with this subsection shall be a violation of
the Grand Island City Code and shall be subject to abatement as a public nuisance pursuant to §5-46.
(C) In the case of a vicious animal, within five (5) days of personal service or mailing of a notice of
declaration to the animal’s owner said owner shall surrender the animal to the Humane Society for humane
euthanization. Refusal or failure by the owner of any animal declared a vicious animal to comply with this
subsection shall be a violation of the Grand Island City Code and shall be subject to abatement as a public nuisance
pursuant to §5-46.
(C)(D) The owner of any animal declared a potentially dangerous animal, or dangerous animal or vicious
animal by the Director of the Humane Society may appeal the Director’s decision to the Animal Advisory Board by
submitting a letter of appeal to the Director within 72 hours of either receiving personal service or mailing of the
written notice of declaration. At the time of submitting the letter of appeal to the Director, any animal declared a
vicious animal shall be surrendered to and impounded by the Humane Society pending a hearing of the appeal by the
Animal Advisory Board. The Animal Advisory Board shall hold a hearing within ten (10) days of delivery of the
letter of appeal to the Director. The hearing shall be conducted informally. The animal’s owner and Director of the
Humane Society shall present oral or written statements or reasons supporting or opposing the declaration to the
Animal Advisory Board. Statements by each participant shall be limited to a total time of one hour or less. Upon
conclusion of the hearing the Animal Advisory Board may reverse, modify or affirm the declaration of the Director.
Notice of the determination of the Animal Advisory Board shall be given to the animal’s owner and the Director of
the Humane Society, either personally or by United States Mail.
SECTION 2. Chapter 5 as now existing, and any ordinances or parts of
ordinances in conflict herewith be, and hereby are, repealed.
ORDINANCE NO. _____ (Cont.)
- 13 -
SECTION 3. The validity of any section, subsection, sentence, clause, or phrase
of this ordinance shall not affect the validity or enforceability of any other section, subsection,
sentence, clause, or phrase thereof.
SECTION 4. That this ordinance shall be in force and take effect from and after
its passage and publication, within fifteen days in one issue of the Grand Island Independent as
provided by law.
Enacted: September 12, 2006.
____________________________________
Jay Vavricek, Mayor
Attest:
________________________________
RaNae Edwards, City Clerk
Item -2
Presentation of NE Risk & Protective Factors Student Survey
Randy See, Prevention Project Coordinator with the Central Nebraska Council on
Alcoholism will present information regarding the NE Risk & Protective Factors Student
Survey.
Tuesday, September 05, 2006
Study Session
City of Grand Island
Staff Contact: Randy See, Prevention Project Coordinator
City of Grand Island City Council
1
Administered by the Nebraska Health and
Human Services System and the
Nebraska Department of Education for
Nebraska Partners in Prevention
Nebraska Risk and Protective Factor
Student Survey Results for 2005
All Grand Island Public &
Private Schools ProfilerReport
2
Contents:
Introduction
Risk & Protective Factor
Model of Prevention
How to Read the Charts
Tools for Assessment
and Planning
Data Charts
• Substance Use and
Antisocial Behavior
• Risk and Protective
Factor Profiles
• Sources and Places
of Alcohol and
Cigarette Use
• Contexts for
Gambling
Risk and Protective
Factor Scale Definitions
Data Tables That
Contain the Values
Shown in Each of the
Charts
Contacts for Prevention
of students who participated from your
community. If 70% or more of the
students participated, the report is a good
indicator of the levels of substance use,
risk, protection, and antisocial behavior.
If fewer than 70% participated, a review
of who participated should be completed
prior to generalizing the results to the
entire community.
The survey was sponsored by Nebraska
Partners in Prevention (NePiP), and was
administered by the Nebraska Health and
Human Services System Division of
Behavioral Health Services and the
Nebraska Department of Education, with
assistance from the NePiP Data
Monitoring Work Group, the State
Survey Design Work Group, the Pacific
Institute for Research and Evaluation,
and Bach Harrison, L.L.C.
Risk and Protective Factors
Many states and local communities have
adopted the Risk and Protective Factor
Model to guide their prevention efforts.
The Risk and Protective Factor Model of
Prevention is based on the simple premise
that to prevent a problem from
happening, we need to identify the factors
that increase the risk of that problem
developing and then find ways to reduce
the risks. Just as medical researchers have
found risk factors for heart disease such
as diets high in fat, lack of exercise, and
smoking; a team of researchers at the
University of Washington have defined a
set of risk factors for youth problem
behaviors.
Risk factors are characteristics of school,
community, and family environments, as
well as characteristics of students and
their peer groups that are known to
predict increased likelihood of drug use,
delinquency, school dropout, teen
pregnancy, and violent behavior among
youth.
Dr. J. David Hawkins, Dr. Richard F.
Catalano, and their colleagues at the
University of Washington, Social
2005 All Grand Island Public &
Private Schools
Risk and Protective Factor
Student Survey Report
This report summarizes the findings
from the 2005 Nebraska Risk and
Protective Factor Student Survey, the
second implementation of a biennial
survey of students in grades 6, 8, 10, and
12. The survey was designed to assess
adolescent substance use, antisocial
behavior, and many of the risk and
protective factors that predict adolescent
problem behaviors. The Nebraska
survey is adapted from a national,
scientifically validated survey and contains
information on the risk and protective
factors that are 1) locally actionable, 2)
can not be obtained through any other
source, and 3) are more highly correlated
with substance abuse. While planning
prevention services, communities are
urged to collect and use multiple data
sources, including archival and social
indicators, assessment of existing
resources, key informant interviews, as
well as data from this survey.
Table 1 contains the characteristics of
the students who completed the survey
from your community (e.g. school
district, county). When using the
information in this report, please pay
attention to the number and percentage
Introduction
Year of Survey
Total Students Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent
1099 100 1855 100 27625 100
Grade
6 547 49.8 542 29.2 5906 21.4
8 552 50.2 516 27.8 7044 25.5
10 0 n/a 435 23.5 8009 29.0
12 0 n/a 362 19.5 6666 24.1
Gender
Male 531 48.3 935 50.4 13550 49.0
Female 467 42.5 895 48.2 13519 48.9
Ethnicity
Hispanic 302 21.2 520 22.5 2993 9.8
African American 29 2.0 51 2.2 505 1.6
Asian 26 1.8 38 1.6 286 0.9
American Indian 66 4.6 63 2.7 1065 3.5
Pacific Islander 2 0.1 9 0.4 101 0.3
White 744 52.2 1246 53.9 23356 76.2
Other 257 18.0 386 16.7 2335 7.6
Table 1. Characteristics of Participants
2003 2005
District District State
3
Development Research Group have
investigated the relationship between risk and
protective factors and youth problem
behavior. For example, they have found that
children who live in families with high levels
of conflict are more likely to become
involved in problem behaviors such as
delinquency and drug use than children who
live in families with low levels of family
conflict.
Protective factors exert a positive influence
or buffer against the negative influence of
risk, thus reducing the likelihood that
adolescents will engage in problem behaviors.
Protective factors identified through research
reviewed by Drs. Hawkins and Catalano
include social bonding to family, school,
community and peers; healthy beliefs and
clear standards for behavior; and individual
characteristics. For bonding to serve as a
protective influence, it must occur through
involvement with peers and adults who
communicate healthy values and set clear
standards for behavior.
Research on risk and protective factors has
important implications for prevention efforts.
The premise of this approach is that in order
to promote positive youth development and
prevent problem behaviors, it is necessary to
address those factors that predict the
problem. By measuring risk and protective
factors in your community, factors that are
particularly high (or low) can be identified.
These factors may be especially important
ones to address. For example, if academic
failure is identified as an elevated risk factor
in a community, then mentoring, tutoring,
and increased opportunities and rewards for
classroom participation can be provided to
improve academic performance.
The chart at the right shows the links
between 16 risk factors and the five problem
behaviors examined by Drs. Hawkins and
Catalano. The check marks have been placed
in the chart to indicate where at least two well
designed, published research studies have
shown a link between the risk factor and the
problem behavior.
Additional Information on
Risk and Protective Factors
Substance AbuseDelinquencyTeen PregnancySchool Drop-OutViolenceAvailability of Drugs and Firearms TT
Community Laws and Norms Favorable
Toward Drug Use T
Transitions and Mobility TT T
Low Neighborhood Attachment and
Community Disorganization TT T
Extreme Economic Deprivation TTTTT
Family History of High Risk Behavior TTTT
Family Management Problems TTTTT
Family Conflict TTTTT
Favorable Parental Attitudes and
Involvement in the Problem Behavior TT T
Early and Persistent Antisocial Behavior TTTTT
Academic Failure TTTTT
Lack of Commitment to School TTTT
Alienation and Rebelliousness TT T
Friends Who Engage in a Problem
Behavior TTTTT
Favorable Attitudes Toward the Problem
Behavior TTTT
Early Initiation of the Problem Behavior T
School
Peer / Individual
YOUTH AT RISK
PROBLEM BEHAVIOR
Community
Family
4
There are five types of charts presented in this
report: 1) substance use and antisocial behavior
charts, 2) risk factor charts, 3) protective factor
charts, 4) charts indicating sources and contexts
for use of alcohol and cigarettes, and 5) charts
indicating contexts for gambling. This is the first
year that the contexts for gambling questions were
included in the NRPFSS. All of the other charts
show the results of your community’s 2005 data
compared to the overall state data. If your school
or community participated in the 2003 NRPFSS,
then comparison data for 2003 will also be
included in the charts. The actual percentages
from the charts are presented in a table format at
the end of this report.
Substance Use and Antisocial Behavior Charts
This report contains information about alcohol,
tobacco and other drug use (referred to as ATOD
use throughout the report) and other problem
behaviors of students. The bars on each chart
represent the percentage of students in the
selected grades who reported the behavior. For
example, for the overall state, approximately 70
percent of students in high school reported that
they ‘ever used alcohol'. This means that 70
percent of the high school students reported that
they had tried alcohol at least once in their
lifetime. The four sections in the charts represent
different types of problem behaviors. The
definitions of each of the types of behavior are
provided below.
• Ever-used is a measure of the percentage of
students who tried the particular substance at
least once in their lifetime and is used to show
the level of experimentation with a particular
substance.
• 30-day use is a measure of the percentage of
students who used the particular substance at
least once in the 30 days prior to taking the
survey and is a more sensitive indication of
the level of current use of the substance.
• Binge drinking (five or more drinks in a row
during the two weeks prior to the survey) and
30-day use of a pack or more of cigarettes
per day are measures of heavy use of alcohol
and tobacco.
• Antisocial behavior (ASB) is a measure of
the percentage of students who report any
involvement with the antisocial behaviors
listed in the charts in the past year. In the charts,
antisocial behavior will often be abreviated as ASB.
• Dots are used on the charts to show the
overall state average for all of the youth in
each grade who participated in the 2005
survey. The dots allow a community to
compare the results from their youth to youth
in grades 6, 8, 10, and 12 throughout the state
who participated in the survey. Information
about other students in the state can be helpful
in determining the seriousness of a given level
of problem behavior. For example, if the
percentage of students in your community
engaging in a problem behavior is significantly
higher than the state average, it is most likely
an issue of concern and merits attention.
Risk and Protective Factor Charts
In order to make the results of the 2005 Nebraska
Risk and Protective Factor Student Survey more
useable, risk and protective profiles were
developed that show the percentage of youth at
risk and the percentage of youth with protection
on each scale. Students are defined as being at risk
if their score for that factor exceeds the score that
was at the 44th percentile in a large study conducted
in seven different states. The seven states included
in the norm group were Colorado, Illinois, Kansas,
Maine, Oregon, Utah, and Washington. Students
are defined as having a protective factor when their
score for the protective factor exceeds the 56th
percentile score for the seven-state study. The
seven-state values are shown on the charts as a
dashed line. As with the Substance Use and
Antisocial Behavior Charts, the dots on the Risk
and Protective Factor Charts show the average of
all youth who were surveyed in the state.
Sources and Places of Alcohol and Cigarette
Use Charts
The percentage of students who obtained alcohol
and cigarettes from specific sources and the
percentage who used alcohol and cigarettes in
specific places in the past year is shown in charts
for each grade. The percentages are based upon
only those students who used alcohol (for alcohol
questions) or cigarettes (cigarette questions) in the
past year. Also included in the charts is the
percentage of students who reported that an adult
was present when they used alcohol or cigarettes.
How to Read the Charts in this Report
5
Why Conduct the Risk and
Protective Factor Survey?
Data from the Nebraska Risk and
Protective Factor Student Survey
can be used to help schools and
communities assess current
conditions and identify and
prioritize local prevention issues.
The risk and protective factor
profiles provided by this survey
reflect underlying conditions that
can be addressed through specific
types of interventions that have
been proven to be effective in
either reducing risk(s) or enhancing
protection(s). The steps for
conducting a comprehensive and
effective prevention planning
process are outlined in detail in the
Nebraska Partners in Prevention
“Evidence-Based Planning Tool-
kit”, which can be downloaded at
www.nebraskaprevention.gov, or
obtained in print form by
contacting the Nebraska Behavioral
Health Prevention Program at (402)
479-5573. This toolkit can help
your school and community
identify, prioritize and address
specific needs; make key decisions
regarding allocation of resources;
and select and implement effective
strategies that will result in
sustainable outcomes.
What are the numbers telling you?
Review the charts and data tables presented in this report. Using the table
below, note your findings as you discuss the following questions.
• Which 3-5 risk factors are of the greatest concern?
• Which 3-5 protective factors are your community’s highest priority?
• Which levels of 30-day drug use are of greatest concern?
o Which substances are your students using the most?
o At which grades do you see unacceptable usage levels?
• Which levels of antisocial behaviors are of greatest concern?
o Which behaviors are your students exhibiting the most?
o At which grades do you see unacceptable behavior levels?
How to decide if a rate is unacceptable.
• Look across the charts – which items stand out as either much higher or
much lower than the others?
• Compare your data with statewide and national data – differences of 5%
between local and other data are probably significant.
• Determine the standards and values held within your community – For
example: Is it acceptable in your community for a percentage of high school
students to drink alcohol regularly as long as that percentage is lower than
the overall state rate?
Use these data for planning.
• Substance use and antisocial behavior data – identify issues, raise
awareness about the problems, and promote school and community
dialogue.
• Risk and protective factor data – identify key objectives that will help your
school or community achieve its prevention goals.
• Science-Based and Promising Strategies – The Nebraska Partners in
Prevention “Guidance Document for Science-Based and Promising
Substance Abuse Prevention Strategies”, provides information on science-
based and promising policies, practices and programs that have been proven
effective in decreasing substance abuse. This document is available for
download at www.nebraskaprevention.gov or by contacting the Nebraska
Behavioral Health Prevention Program at (402) 479-5573.
MEASURE Unacceptable Rate
#1
Unacceptable Rate
#2
Unacceptable Rate
#3
Unacceptable Rate
#4
Risk Factors
Protective Factors
Substance Use
Antisocial Behaviors
School and Community Improvement Using Survey Data
Tools for Assessment and Planning
6
ATOD USE AND ANTISOCIAL BEHAVIOR
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
AlcoholCigarettesChewing TobaccoMarijuanaInhalantsHallucinogensMethamphetaminesCocaineSteroidsPerformance EnhancersPrescription DrugsOther DrugsAlcoholCigarettesChewing TobaccoMarijuanaInhalantsHallucinogensMethamphetaminesCocaineSteroidsPerformance EnhancersPrescription DrugsOther DrugsBinge DrinkingPack of Cigarettes per DaySuspended from SchoolDrunk or High at SchoolSold Illegal DrugsStolen a VehicleBeen ArrestedAttacked to HarmCarried a HandgunHandgun to SchoolDrinking and DrivingPassenger with Drinking DriverPercentages (%)District 2003 District 2005 State 2005
2003 and 2005 All Grand Island Public & Private Schools Student Survey, Grade 6
Ever Used Antisocial Behavior Past YearHeavy Use 30 Day Use
ATOD USE AND ANTISOCIAL BEHAVIOR
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
AlcoholCigarettesChewing TobaccoMarijuanaInhalantsHallucinogensMethamphetaminesCocaineSteroidsPerformance EnhancersPrescription DrugsOther DrugsAlcoholCigarettesChewing TobaccoMarijuanaInhalantsHallucinogensMethamphetaminesCocaineSteroidsPerformance EnhancersPrescription DrugsOther DrugsBinge DrinkingPack of Cigarettes per DaySuspended from SchoolDrunk or High at SchoolSold Illegal DrugsStolen a VehicleBeen ArrestedAttacked to HarmCarried a HandgunHandgun to SchoolDrinking and DrivingPassenger with Drinking DriverPercentages (%)District 2003 District 2005 State 2005
2003 and 2005 All Grand Island Public & Private Schools Student Survey, Grade 8
Ever Used Antisocial Behavior Past YearHeavy Use 30 Day Use
7
ATOD USE AND ANTISOCIAL BEHAVIOR
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
AlcoholCigarettesChewing TobaccoMarijuanaInhalantsHallucinogensMethamphetaminesCocaineSteroidsPerformance EnhancersPrescription DrugsOther DrugsAlcoholCigarettesChewing TobaccoMarijuanaInhalantsHallucinogensMethamphetaminesCocaineSteroidsPerformance EnhancersPrescription DrugsOther DrugsBinge DrinkingPack of Cigarettes per DaySuspended from SchoolDrunk or High at SchoolSold Illegal DrugsStolen a VehicleBeen ArrestedAttacked to HarmCarried a HandgunHandgun to SchoolDrinking and DrivingPassenger with Drinking DriverPercentages (%)District 2005 State 2005
2005 All Grand Island Public & Private Schools Student Survey, Grade 10
Ever Used Antisocial Behavior Past YearHeavy Use 30 Day Use
ATOD USE AND ANTISOCIAL BEHAVIOR
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
AlcoholCigarettesChewing TobaccoMarijuanaInhalantsHallucinogensMethamphetaminesCocaineSteroidsPerformance EnhancersPrescription DrugsOther DrugsAlcoholCigarettesChewing TobaccoMarijuanaInhalantsHallucinogensMethamphetaminesCocaineSteroidsPerformance EnhancersPrescription DrugsOther DrugsBinge DrinkingPack of Cigarettes per DaySuspended from SchoolDrunk or High at SchoolSold Illegal DrugsStolen a VehicleBeen ArrestedAttacked to HarmCarried a HandgunHandgun to SchoolDrinking and DrivingPassenger with Drinking DriverPercentages (%)District 2005 State 2005
2005 All Grand Island Public & Private Schools Student Survey, Grade 12
Ever Used Antisocial Behavior Past YearHeavy Use 30 Day Use
8
RISK PROFILE
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
CommunityDisorganizationLaws & NormsFavor Drug UsePerceivedAvailability ofDrugsPerceivedAvailability ofHandgunsPoor FamilyManagementParent AttitudesFavor Drug UseLow Commitmentto SchoolEarly Initiation ofASBEarly Initiation ofDrug UseAttitudes Favorableto ASBAttitudes Favorableto Drug UseLow PerceivedRisk of Drug UseGang InvolvementPercentage (%) of Youth at RiskDistrict 2003 District 2005 State 2005 7 State Norm
2003 and 2005 All Grand Island Public & Private Schools Student Survey, Grade 6
Community Peer / IndividualSchool Family
PROTECTIVE PROFILE
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
Opportunities forProsocialInvolvementOpportunities forProsocialInvolvementFamily AttachmentOpportunities forProsocialInvolvementSocial SkillsBelief in the MoralOrderPercentage (%) of Youth with Protective FactorDistrict 2003 District 2005 State 2005 7 State Norm
2003 and 2005 All Grand Island Public & Private Schools Student Survey, Grade 6
Community Peer / IndividualSchool Family
9
RISK PROFILE
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
CommunityDisorganizationLaws & NormsFavor Drug UsePerceivedAvailability ofDrugsPerceivedAvailability ofHandgunsPoor FamilyManagementParent AttitudesFavor Drug UseLow Commitmentto SchoolEarly Initiation ofASBEarly Initiation ofDrug UseAttitudes Favorableto ASBAttitudes Favorableto Drug UseLow PerceivedRisk of Drug UseGang InvolvementPercentage (%) of Youth at RiskDistrict 2003 District 2005 State 2005 7 State Norm
2003 and 2005 All Grand Island Public & Private Schools Student Survey, Grade 8
Community Peer / IndividualSchool Family
PROTECTIVE PROFILE
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
Opportunities forProsocialInvolvementOpportunities forProsocialInvolvementFamily AttachmentOpportunities forProsocialInvolvementSocial SkillsBelief in the MoralOrderPercentage (%) of Youth with Protective FactorDistrict 2003 District 2005 State 2005 7 State Norm
2003 and 2005 All Grand Island Public & Private Schools Student Survey, Grade 8
Community Peer / IndividualSchool Family
10
RISK PROFILE
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
CommunityDisorganizationLaws & NormsFavor Drug UsePerceivedAvailability ofDrugsPerceivedAvailability ofHandgunsPoor FamilyManagementParent AttitudesFavor Drug UseLow Commitmentto SchoolEarly Initiation ofASBEarly Initiation ofDrug UseAttitudes Favorableto ASBAttitudes Favorableto Drug UseLow PerceivedRisk of Drug UseGang InvolvementPercentage (%) of Youth at RiskDistrict 2005 State 2005 7 State Norm
2005 All Grand Island Public & Private Schools Student Survey, Grade 10
Community Peer / IndividualSchool Family
PROTECTIVE PROFILE
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
Opportunities forProsocialInvolvementOpportunities forProsocialInvolvementFamily AttachmentOpportunities forProsocialInvolvementSocial SkillsBelief in the MoralOrderPercentage (%) of Youth with Protective FactorDistrict 2005 State 2005 7 State Norm
2005 All Grand Island Public & Private Schools Student Survey, Grade 10
Community Peer / IndividualSchool Family
11
RISK PROFILE
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
CommunityDisorganizationLaws & NormsFavor Drug UsePerceivedAvailability ofDrugsPerceivedAvailability ofHandgunsPoor FamilyManagementParent AttitudesFavor Drug UseLow Commitmentto SchoolEarly Initiation ofASBEarly Initiation ofDrug UseAttitudes Favorableto ASBAttitudes Favorableto Drug UseLow PerceivedRisk of Drug UseGang InvolvementPercentage (%) of Youth at RiskDistrict 2005 State 2005 7 State Norm
2005 All Grand Island Public & Private Schools Student Survey, Grade 12
Community Peer / IndividualSchool Family
PROTECTIVE PROFILE
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
Opportunities forProsocialInvolvementOpportunities forProsocialInvolvementFamily AttachmentOpportunities forProsocialInvolvementSocial SkillsBelief in the MoralOrderPercentage (%) of Youth with Protective FactorDistrict 2005 State 2005 7 State Norm
2005 All Grand Island Public & Private Schools Student Survey, Grade 12
Community Peer / IndividualSchool Family
12
SOURCES AND PLACES OF ALCOHOL USE
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
Bought It WITH a Fake IDBought It WITHOUT a Fake IDGot It From Someone 21 OR OLDERGot It From Someone UNDER 21Got It From a Brother/SisterFrom Home WITH Parent's PermissionFrom Home WITHOUT Parent'sPermissionGot It From Another RelativeA Stranger Bought It For MeTook It From a StoreOtherHomeSomeone Else's HomeOpen AreaSporting Event or ConcertRestaurant or BarEmpty Building or SiteHotel / MotelIn a CarOne or more Adults PresentPercentage (%) of Alcohol Users in the Past YearDistrict 2003 District 2005 State 2005
2003 and 2005 All Grand Island Public & Private Schools Student Survey, Grade 6
Last Time I Drank Alcohol I…. I Drank at…
SOURCES AND PLACES OF CIGARETTE USE
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
Bought It WITH a Fake IDBought It WITHOUT a Fake IDGot It From Someone 18 OR OLDERGot It From Someone UNDER 18Got It From a Brother/SisterFrom Home WITH Parent's PermissionFrom Home WITHOUT Parent'sPermissionGot It From Another RelativeA Stranger Bought It For MeTook It From a StoreGot It From a Vending MachineHomeSomeone Else's HomeOpen AreaSporting Event or ConcertRestaurant or BarEmpty Building or SiteHotel / MotelIn a CarOne or more Adults PresentPercentage (%) of Cigarette Users in the Past YearDistrict 2003 District 2005 State 2005
2003 and 2005 All Grand Island Public & Private Schools Student Survey, Grade 6
Last Time I Smoked a Cigarette I…. I Smoked at…
13
SOURCES AND PLACES OF ALCOHOL USE
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
Bought It WITH a Fake IDBought It WITHOUT a Fake IDGot It From Someone 21 OR OLDERGot It From Someone UNDER 21Got It From a Brother/SisterFrom Home WITH Parent's PermissionFrom Home WITHOUT Parent'sPermissionGot It From Another RelativeA Stranger Bought It For MeTook It From a StoreOtherHomeSomeone Else's HomeOpen AreaSporting Event or ConcertRestaurant or BarEmpty Building or SiteHotel / MotelIn a CarOne or more Adults PresentPercentage (%) of Alcohol Users in the Past YearDistrict 2003 District 2005 State 2005
2003 and 2005 All Grand Island Public & Private Schools Student Survey, Grade 8
Last Time I Drank Alcohol I…. I Drank at…
SOURCES AND PLACES OF CIGARETTE USE
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
Bought It WITH a Fake IDBought It WITHOUT a Fake IDGot It From Someone 18 OR OLDERGot It From Someone UNDER 18Got It From a Brother/SisterFrom Home WITH Parent's PermissionFrom Home WITHOUT Parent'sPermissionGot It From Another RelativeA Stranger Bought It For MeTook It From a StoreGot It From a Vending MachineHomeSomeone Else's HomeOpen AreaSporting Event or ConcertRestaurant or BarEmpty Building or SiteHotel / MotelIn a CarOne or more Adults PresentPercentage (%) of Cigarette Users in the Past YearDistrict 2003 District 2005 State 2005
2003 and 2005 All Grand Island Public & Private Schools Student Survey, Grade 8
Last Time I Smoked a Cigarette I…. I Smoked at…
14
SOURCES AND PLACES OF ALCOHOL USE
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
Bought It WITH a Fake IDBought It WITHOUT a Fake IDGot It From Someone 21 OR OLDERGot It From Someone UNDER 21Got It From a Brother/SisterFrom Home WITH Parent's PermissionFrom Home WITHOUT Parent'sPermissionGot It From Another RelativeA Stranger Bought It For MeTook It From a StoreOtherHomeSomeone Else's HomeOpen AreaSporting Event or ConcertRestaurant or BarEmpty Building or SiteHotel / MotelIn a CarOne or more Adults PresentPercentage (%) of Alcohol Users in the Past YearDistrict 2005 State 2005
2005 All Grand Island Public & Private Schools Student Survey, Grade 10
Last Time I Drank Alcohol I…. I Drank at…
SOURCES AND PLACES OF CIGARETTE USE
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
Bought It WITH a Fake IDBought It WITHOUT a Fake IDGot It From Someone 18 OR OLDERGot It From Someone UNDER 18Got It From a Brother/SisterFrom Home WITH Parent's PermissionFrom Home WITHOUT Parent'sPermissionGot It From Another RelativeA Stranger Bought It For MeTook It From a StoreGot It From a Vending MachineHomeSomeone Else's HomeOpen AreaSporting Event or ConcertRestaurant or BarEmpty Building or SiteHotel / MotelIn a CarOne or more Adults PresentPercentage (%) of Cigarette Users in the Past YearDistrict 2005 State 2005
2005 All Grand Island Public & Private Schools Student Survey, Grade 10
Last Time I Smoked a Cigarette I…. I Smoked at…
15
SOURCES AND PLACES OF ALCOHOL USE
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
Bought It WITH a Fake IDBought It WITHOUT a Fake IDGot It From Someone 21 OR OLDERGot It From Someone UNDER 21Got It From a Brother/SisterFrom Home WITH Parent's PermissionFrom Home WITHOUT Parent'sPermissionGot It From Another RelativeA Stranger Bought It For MeTook It From a StoreOtherHomeSomeone Else's HomeOpen AreaSporting Event or ConcertRestaurant or BarEmpty Building or SiteHotel / MotelIn a CarOne or more Adults PresentPercentage (%) of Alcohol Users in the Past YearDistrict 2005 State 2005
2005 All Grand Island Public & Private Schools Student Survey, Grade 12
Last Time I Drank Alcohol I…. I Drank at…
SOURCES AND PLACES OF CIGARETTE USE
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
Bought It WITH a Fake IDBought It WITHOUT a Fake IDGot It From Someone 18 OR OLDERGot It From Someone UNDER 18Got It From a Brother/SisterFrom Home WITH Parent's PermissionFrom Home WITHOUT Parent'sPermissionGot It From Another RelativeA Stranger Bought It For MeTook It From a StoreGot It From a Vending MachineHomeSomeone Else's HomeOpen AreaSporting Event or ConcertRestaurant or BarEmpty Building or SiteHotel / MotelIn a CarOne or more Adults PresentPercentage (%) of Cigarette Users in the Past YearDistrict 2005 State 2005
2005 All Grand Island Public & Private Schools Student Survey, Grade 12
Last Time I Smoked a Cigarette I…. I Smoked at…
16
PAST YEAR AND 30 DAY GAMBLING BEHAVIOR
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
Any GamblingGambled at a CasinoPlayed the LotteryBet on SportsBet on CardsBet on HorsesPlayed Bingo for MoneyGambled on the lnternetBet on DiceBet on Games of SkillGambled at a Community EventAny GamblingGambled at a CasinoPlayed the LotteryBet on SportsBet on CardsBet on HorsesPlayed Bingo for MoneyGambled on the lnternetBet on DiceBet on Games of SkillGambled at a Community EventPercentage (%) of Student Gambling BehaviorDistrict 2003 District 2005 State 2005
2003 and 2005 All Grand Island Public & Private Schools Student Survey, Grade 6
Gambled Past Year Gambled Past 30 Days
PAST YEAR AND 30 DAY GAMBLING BEHAVIOR
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
Any GamblingGambled at a CasinoPlayed the LotteryBet on SportsBet on CardsBet on HorsesPlayed Bingo for MoneyGambled on the lnternetBet on DiceBet on Games of SkillGambled at a Community EventAny GamblingGambled at a CasinoPlayed the LotteryBet on SportsBet on CardsBet on HorsesPlayed Bingo for MoneyGambled on the lnternetBet on DiceBet on Games of SkillGambled at a Community EventPercentage (%) of Student Gambling BehaviorDistrict 2003 District 2005 State 2005
2003 and 2005 All Grand Island Public & Private Schools Student Survey, Grade 8
Gambled Past Year Gambled Past 30 Days
17
PAST YEAR AND 30 DAY GAMBLING BEHAVIOR
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
Any GamblingGambled at a CasinoPlayed the LotteryBet on SportsBet on CardsBet on HorsesPlayed Bingo for MoneyGambled on the lnternetBet on DiceBet on Games of SkillGambled at a Community EventAny GamblingGambled at a CasinoPlayed the LotteryBet on SportsBet on CardsBet on HorsesPlayed Bingo for MoneyGambled on the lnternetBet on DiceBet on Games of SkillGambled at a Community EventPercentage (%) of Student Gambling BehaviorDistrict 2005 State 2005
2005 All Grand Island Public & Private Schools Student Survey, Grade 12
Gambled Past Year Gambled Past 30 Days
PAST YEAR AND 30 DAY GAMBLING BEHAVIOR
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
Any GamblingGambled at a CasinoPlayed the LotteryBet on SportsBet on CardsBet on HorsesPlayed Bingo for MoneyGambled on the lnternetBet on DiceBet on Games of SkillGambled at a Community EventAny GamblingGambled at a CasinoPlayed the LotteryBet on SportsBet on CardsBet on HorsesPlayed Bingo for MoneyGambled on the lnternetBet on DiceBet on Games of SkillGambled at a Community EventPercentage (%) of Student Gambling BehaviorDistrict 2005 State 2005
2005 All Grand Island Public & Private Schools Student Survey, Grade 10
Gambled Past Year Gambled Past 30 Days
18
Table 2. Scales that Measure the Risk and Protective Factors Shown in the Profiles
Additional risk factor measures based upon archival data can be found on the Nebraska
prevention web site http://www.nebraskaprevention.gov/pdf/socialindicatormeasures.pdf
pages 52-53
Community Domain Risk Factors
Community
Disorganization
Research has shown that neighborhoods with high population density, lack of natural
surveillance of public places, physical deterioration, and high rates of adult crime also
have higher rates of juvenile crime and drug selling.
Laws and Norms
Favorable Toward
Drug Use
Research has shown that legal restrictions on alcohol and tobacco use, such as
raising the legal drinking age, restricting smoking in public places, and increased
taxation have been followed by decreases in consumption. Moreover, national
surveys of high school seniors have shown that shifts in normative attitudes toward
drug use have preceded changes in prevalence of use.
Perceived
Availability of Drugs
and Handguns
The availability of cigarettes, alcohol, marijuana, and other illegal drugs has been
related to the use of these substances by adolescents. The availability of handguns is
also related to a higher risk of crime and substance use by adolescents.
Community Domain Protective Factors
Opportunities for
Positive Involvement
When opportunities are available in a community for positive participation, children
are less likely to engage in substance use and other problem behaviors.
Family Domain Risk Factors
Parental Attitudes
Favorable Toward
Antisocial Behavior
& Drugs
In families where parents use illegal drugs, are heavy users of alcohol, or are tolerant
of children’s use, children are more likely to become drug abusers during
adolescence. The risk is further increased if parents involve children in their own drug
(or alcohol) using behavior, for example, asking the child to light the parent’s cigarette
or get the parent a beer from the refrigerator.
Poor Family
Management
Parents’ use of inconsistent and/or unusually harsh or severe punishment with their children
places them at higher risk for substance use and other problem behaviors. Also, parents’
failure to provide clear expectations and to monitor their children’s behavior makes it more
likely that they will engage in drug abuse whether or not there are family drug problems.
Family Domain Protective Factors
Family Attachment Young people who feel that they are a valued part of their family are less likely to
engage in substance use and other problem behaviors.
Opportunities for
Positive Involvement
Young people who are exposed to more opportunities to participate meaningfully in
the responsibilities and activities of the family are less likely to engage in drug use
and other problem behaviors.
School Domain Risk Factors
Low Commitment to
School
Surveys of high school seniors have shown that the use of hallucinogens, cocaine,
heroin, stimulants, and sedatives or nonmedically prescribed tranquilizers is
significantly lower among students who expect to attend college than among those
who do not. Factors such as liking school, spending time on homework, and
perceiving the coursework as relevant are also negatively related to drug use.
School Domain Protective Factors
Opportunities for
Positive Involvement
When young people are given more opportunities to participate meaningfully in
important activities at school, they are less likely to engage in drug use and other
problem behaviors.
19
Table 2. Scales that Measure the Risk and Protective Factors Shown in the Profiles
(Continued)
Peer-Individual Risk Factors
Early Initiation of
Antisocial Behavior
and Drug Use
Early onset of drug use predicts misuse of drugs. The earlier the onset of any drug
use, the greater the involvement in other drug use and the greater frequency of use.
Onset of drug use prior to the age of 15 is a consistent predictor of drug abuse, and a
later age of onset of drug use has been shown to predict lower drug involvement and
a greater probability of discontinuation of use.
Attitudes Favorable
Toward Antisocial
Behavior and Drug
Use
During the elementary school years, most children express anti-drug, anti-crime, and
pro-social attitudes and have difficulty imagining why people use drugs or engage in
antisocial behaviors. However, in middle school, as more youth are exposed to others
who use drugs and engage in antisocial behavior, their attitudes often shift toward
greater acceptance of these behaviors. Youth who express positive attitudes toward
drug use and antisocial behavior are more likely to engage in a variety of problem
behaviors, including drug use.
Perceived Risk of
Drug Use
Young people who do not perceive drug use to be risky are far more likely to engage
in drug use.
Gang Involvement Youth who belong to gangs are more at risk for antisocial behavior and drug use.
Peer-Individual Protective Factors
Social Skills Young people who are socially competent and engage in positive interpersonal
relations with their peers are less likely to use drugs and engage in other problem
behaviors.
Belief in the Moral
Order
Young people who have a belief in what is “right” or “wrong” are less likely to use
drugs.
20 Table 3. Number of Students Who Completed the Survey State State State State Number of Youth 2003 2005 2005 2003 2005 2005 2003 2005 2005 2003 2005 2005 547 542 5906 552 516 7044 n/a 435 8009 n/a 362 6666 Table 4. Percentage of Students Who Used ATODs During Their Lifetime Drug Used State State State State 2003 2005 2005 2003 2005 2005 2003 2005 2005 2003 2005 2005 Alcohol 18.2 18.2 21.5 40.1 35.1 43.1 n/a 60.7 63.0 n/a 68.0 79.1 Cigarettes 14.8 8.4 8.1 29.1 19.3 21.8 n/a 39.4 35.4 n/a 52.8 50.6 Chewing Tobacco 3.1 2.3 3.8 5.8 3.9 7.9 n/a 9.7 17.7 n/a 18.6 27.3 Marijuana 2.3 1.2 1.2 12.1 7.5 7.7 n/a 21.0 20.6 n/a 32.7 33.3 Inhalants 7.8 8.1 9.1 18.3 14.3 14.1 n/a 12.7 13.6 n/a 9.3 10.3 Hallucinogens 0.2 0.4 0.3 1.7 1.8 0.8 n/a 3.2 2.1 n/a 3.7 3.8 Methamphetamines 0.0 1.0 0.3 2.0 1.0 0.7 n/a 5.0 2.3 n/a 5.6 3.6 Cocaine 0.8 0.6 0.3 3.6 1.4 1.0 n/a 4.2 2.7 n/a 6.1 5.0 Steroids n/a 1.0 0.7 n/a 1.0 0.9 n/a 1.0 1.3 n/a 0.6 1.6 Performance Enhancers n/a 0.2 0.3 n/a 1.4 1.5 n/a 7.0 6.0 n/a 10.9 12.4 Prescription Drugs n/a 4.6 3.5 n/a 7.6 8.3 n/a 13.1 12.9 n/a 13.9 15.7 Other Drugs 2.5 1.2 1.3 8.5 3.8 3.8 n/a 8.6 7.7 n/a 6.0 8.6 Any Drug 12.9 14.0 14.4 26.8 24.3 26.0 n/a 39.8 37.6 n/a 50.2 47.6 Table 5. Percentage of Students Who Used ATODs During the Past 30 Days Drug Used State State State State 2003 2005 2005 2003 2005 2005 2003 2005 2005 2003 2005 2005 Alcohol 5.6 3.4 3.5 16.3 8.1 13.9 n/a 26.7 31.6 n/a 38.1 47.2 Cigarettes 4.1 1.8 1.9 7.3 5.0 6.9 n/a 15.9 15.3 n/a 29.6 26.1 Chewing Tobacco 1.5 1.1 1.1 2.9 1.4 3.1 n/a 4.6 9.1 n/a 7.0 12.9 Marijuana 0.8 0.8 0.5 6.2 2.8 3.2 n/a 7.4 9.4 n/a 12.6 13.6 Inhalants 4.2 2.9 4.0 6.2 5.8 5.7 n/a 3.2 3.9 n/a 1.5 2.2 Hallucinogens 0.2 0.4 0.2 0.9 1.2 0.4 n/a 1.0 0.9 n/a 0.0 1.2 Methamphetamines 0.0 0.4 0.3 0.7 1.0 0.4 n/a 1.5 0.9 n/a 0.6 1.1 Cocaine 0.7 0.4 0.2 1.9 0.6 0.4 n/a 0.7 1.0 n/a 0.9 1.5 Steroids n/a 0.6 0.3 n/a 0.4 0.4 n/a 0.3 0.7 n/a 0.0 0.7 Performance Enhancers n/a 0.0 0.1 n/a 0.4 0.8 n/a 4.5 3.4 n/a 5.8 5.8 Prescription Drugs n/a 1.5 1.3 n/a 3.4 3.8 n/a 5.0 6.2 n/a 5.7 7.4 Other Drugs 0.4 0.0 0.3 4.5 1.4 1.6 n/a 3.4 3.1 n/a 2.4 3.3 Any Drug 6.3 5.6 6.6 12.7 11.5 12.6 n/a 18.9 19.6 n/a 23.2 24.3 Grade 12 Grade 10 Grade 8 Grade 6 Grade 12 Grade 10 Grade 8 Grade 6 District District District District District District District District Grade 6 District Grade 8 District Grade 10 District Grade 12 District
21Drug Used State State State State 2003 2005 2005 2003 2005 2005 2003 2005 2005 2003 2005 2005 Binge Drinking 3.7 1.4 1.5 6.0 4.1 6.0 n/a 15.5 18.7 n/a 23.6 31.6 Pack of Cigarettes per Day 0.0 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.4 0.6 n/a 1.6 1.5 n/a 3.5 3.2 Behavior State State State State 2003 2005 2005 2003 2005 2005 2003 2005 2005 2003 2005 2005 Suspended from School 5.9 9.7 5.0 9.5 9.4 7.6 n/a 10.0 7.3 n/a 6.3 6.2 Drunk or High at School 0.6 1.2 1.1 5.3 3.7 4.5 n/a 8.5 10.7 n/a 13.8 16.6 Sold Illegal Drugs 0.2 0.0 0.3 2.8 2.0 1.5 n/a 6.1 4.3 n/a 5.0 6.7 Stolen a Vehicle 0.5 1.9 1.0 3.0 3.0 2.3 n/a 2.7 3.4 n/a 1.5 2.0 Been Arrested 3.1 2.4 1.2 4.4 3.5 3.0 n/a 6.1 4.7 n/a 5.5 5.2 Attacked to Harm 8.5 8.5 7.2 11.4 11.2 9.4 n/a 11.1 9.6 n/a 6.6 8.6 Carried a Handgun 4.2 4.1 4.9 8.3 7.9 6.3 n/a 6.8 6.6 n/a 5.2 6.3 Handgun to School 0.4 0.2 0.2 0.4 1.0 0.3 n/a 1.0 0.6 n/a 0.9 0.7 Drinking and Driving 2.1 1.4 2.0 6.8 5.3 5.1 n/a 11.1 13.0 n/a 26.4 39.5 Passenger with Drinking Driver 34.4 23.7 25.3 30.1 33.1 33.4 n/a 35.8 43.1 n/a 40.5 52.3 Table 7. Percentage of Students With Antisocial Behavior in the Past Year Grade 6 Grade 8 Grade 10 Grade 12 District District District District Table 6. Percentage of Students With Heavy Use of Alcohol and Cigarettes Grade 6 Grade 8 Grade 10 Grade 12 District District District District
22Table 8. Percentage of Students Reporting Risk Risk Factor State State State State 2003 2005 2005 2003 2005 2005 2003 2005 2005 2003 2005 2005 Community Domain Community Disorganization 34.8 29.3 31.8 32.6 27.3 29.1 n/a 40.3 42.1 n/a 34.9 41.0 Laws & Norms Favor Drug Use 26.2 25.9 34.4 24.0 16.8 23.2 n/a 26.1 28.7 n/a 17.4 25.5 Perceived Availability of Drugs 26.5 20.4 21.1 29.4 23.4 23.7 n/a 31.5 35.7 n/a 41.8 40.0 Perceived Availability of Handguns 22.5 16.6 21.0 32.2 27.1 33.7 n/a 23.6 23.7 n/a 24.9 27.2 Family Domain Poor Family Management 30.9 33.9 34.8 26.9 27.1 31.4 n/a 32.9 36.2 n/a 28.8 28.7 Parent Attitudes Favor Drug Use 8.3 12.1 15.8 24.5 16.6 28.1 n/a 35.8 44.0 n/a 42.0 46.2 School Domain Low Commitment to School 34.3 33.0 40.4 41.3 34.1 39.5 n/a 46.6 47.4 n/a 40.8 40.8 Peer-Individual Domain Early Initiation of ASB 18.4 20.2 16.3 28.0 28.0 23.6 n/a 31.3 26.9 n/a 23.9 28.4 Early Initiation of Drug Use 30.4 26.1 28.0 24.9 18.4 23.5 n/a 32.8 27.2 n/a 26.1 31.5 Attitudes Favorable to ASB 38.3 31.2 35.4 26.0 28.0 27.6 n/a 46.3 42.2 n/a 39.4 42.0 Attitudes Favorable to Drug Use 20.6 15.7 18.5 19.1 13.8 17.8 n/a 27.2 30.0 n/a 28.6 34.1 Low Perceived Risk of Drug Use 23.1 27.5 29.1 31.6 35.7 32.9 n/a 29.9 32.6 n/a 35.5 40.7 Gang Involvement 9.0 11.2 8.4 12.2 11.2 9.7 n/a 11.6 9.7 n/a 12.8 9.5 Table 9. Percentage of Students Reporting Protection Protective Factor State State State State 2003 2005 2005 2003 2005 2005 2003 2005 2005 2003 2005 2005 Community Domain Opportunities for Prosocial Involvement 80.3 75.3 76.9 79.3 80.6 83.8 n/a 74.0 81.2 n/a 81.7 81.7 Family Domain Opportunities for Prosocial Involvement 73.8 70.5 69.9 71.7 72.8 71.6 n/a 63.0 60.7 n/a 61.2 59.3 Family Attachment 76.2 69.3 70.4 74.8 73.9 74.5 n/a 65.7 67.4 n/a 65.3 69.3 School Domain Opportunities for Prosocial Involvement 83.6 77.5 65.6 88.1 86.3 80.4 n/a 78.2 75.9 n/a 74.4 74.7 Peer-Individual Domain Social Skills 76.1 65.7 77.8 74.7 73.4 74.3 n/a 59.9 61.5 n/a 68.5 67.0 Belief in the Moral Order 66.2 70.3 74.5 71.0 74.8 73.0 n/a 66.0 70.2 n/a 58.5 52.2 Grade 6 Grade 8 Grade 10 Grade 12 District District District District Grade 6 Grade 8 Grade 10 Grade 12 District District District District
23Risk Factor State State State State 2003 2005 2005 2003 2005 2005 2003 2005 2005 2003 2005 2005 The last time I drank alcohol I… Bought It WITH a Fake ID 1.8 0.0 1.4 0.0 0.8 1.6 n/a 1.0 1.1 n/a 3.1 1.3 Bought It WITHOUT a Fake ID 1.8 2.3 4.9 1.4 1.7 2.8 n/a 3.6 2.9 n/a 6.7 5.2 Got It From Someone 21 OR OLDER 49.1 59.1 45.9 60.0 55.1 55.2 n/a 62.5 64.1 n/a 83.1 77.2 Got It From Someone UNDER 21 18.2 22.7 15.9 32.1 22.9 30.3 n/a 39.1 43.2 n/a 34.9 41.3 Got It From a Brother/Sister 9.1 6.8 15.0 15.0 11.0 15.9 n/a 15.6 17.4 n/a 13.3 17.2 From Home WITH Parent's Permission 25.4 38.6 42.1 27.9 30.5 32.8 n/a 18.8 20.0 n/a 16.4 15.3 From Home WITHOUT Parent's Permission 32.7 20.4 19.9 30.0 31.4 32.3 n/a 26.0 30.2 n/a 16.9 21.2 Got It From Another Relative 27.3 29.6 26.7 25.7 30.5 30.8 n/a 20.8 22.9 n/a 15.4 16.4 A Stranger Bought It For Me 3.6 4.6 3.0 3.6 3.4 3.8 n/a 8.8 8.2 n/a 9.2 12.6 Took It From a Store 3.6 2.3 3.3 4.3 6.8 3.7 n/a 3.1 2.6 n/a 1.5 2.9 Other 20.0 20.4 21.3 20.0 25.4 25.2 n/a 21.4 24.3 n/a 17.4 18.1 On the last day I had alcohol, I drank at… Home 53.1 50.0 59.8 43.8 47.6 51.6 n/a 31.8 38.4 n/a 28.7 30.0 Someone Else's Home 40.8 46.3 37.7 62.3 50.0 56.3 n/a 75.5 71.6 n/a 86.6 77.2 Open Area 12.2 11.1 12.5 17.1 16.1 16.1 n/a 18.8 24.0 n/a 19.8 27.5 Sporting Event or Concert 0.0 5.6 5.5 2.7 6.4 5.7 n/a 3.1 7.9 n/a 5.4 10.6 Restaurant or Bar 6.1 9.3 5.6 3.4 9.7 5.8 n/a 7.3 5.6 n/a 6.9 7.6 Empty Building or Site 4.1 3.7 4.6 4.8 5.6 4.8 n/a 2.1 5.0 n/a 3.0 6.0 Hotel / Motel 10.2 14.8 7.1 8.9 9.7 8.2 n/a 8.3 9.7 n/a 12.9 12.4 In a Car 14.3 5.6 14.0 18.5 15.3 18.8 n/a 29.7 31.7 n/a 23.8 37.9 One or more Adults Present 61.2 57.4 57.6 46.6 46.0 45.2 n/a 31.8 34.1 n/a 32.2 33.8 Table 10. Percentage of Students Reporting Alcohol Use Grade 6 Grade 8 Grade 10 Grade 12 District District District District
24Risk Factor State State State State 2003 2005 2005 2003 2005 2005 2003 2005 2005 2003 2005 2005 The last time I smoked a cigarette I… Bought It WITH a Fake ID 2.1 0.0 2.0 1.0 3.0 1.6 n/a 5.0 1.9 n/a 2.3 1.5 Bought It WITHOUT a Fake ID 6.4 3.6 4.0 8.1 1.5 3.4 n/a 6.7 6.2 n/a 22.6 28.2 Got It From Someone 18 OR OLDER 31.9 42.9 33.8 41.4 47.0 48.7 n/a 53.3 63.8 n/a 66.9 65.4 Got It From Someone UNDER 18 25.5 39.3 40.2 38.4 33.3 45.7 n/a 52.5 52.1 n/a 28.6 31.6 Got It From a Brother/Sister 12.8 3.6 15.5 12.1 15.2 17.8 n/a 15.8 17.8 n/a 8.3 11.9 From Home WITH Parent's Permission 12.8 0.0 8.4 14.1 9.1 7.0 n/a 5.8 8.1 n/a 8.3 7.7 From Home WITHOUT Parent's Permission 31.9 35.7 31.1 32.3 33.3 36.0 n/a 29.2 23.3 n/a 11.3 11.6 Got It From Another Relative 4.3 25.0 22.3 12.1 25.8 20.1 n/a 14.2 17.6 n/a 9.0 10.5 A Stranger Bought It For Me 4.3 0.0 3.7 5.0 4.6 5.5 n/a 5.0 8.6 n/a 6.8 6.6 Took It From a Store 4.3 7.1 6.1 4.0 4.6 5.3 n/a 2.5 3.6 n/a 0.0 3.1 Got It From a Vending Machine 17.0 0.0 3.0 21.2 3.0 3.0 n/a 0.8 2.8 n/a 1.5 2.4 On the last day I smoked, I smoked at… Home 32.0 32.3 39.1 41.2 36.9 43.0 n/a 40.7 41.5 n/a 34.6 33.0 Someone Else's Home 56.0 54.8 49.0 50.0 53.8 54.9 n/a 64.4 58.6 n/a 48.9 52.7 Open Area 36.0 19.4 27.5 33.3 33.8 38.8 n/a 46.6 47.9 n/a 37.6 46.3 Sporting Event or Concert 6.0 3.2 5.3 1.0 4.6 8.5 n/a 11.0 15.1 n/a 12.8 15.2 Restaurant or Bar 4.0 0.0 4.3 1.0 6.2 4.5 n/a 6.8 9.8 n/a 26.3 17.1 Empty Building or Site 10.0 16.1 13.2 4.9 12.3 13.8 n/a 4.2 12.3 n/a 3.8 9.9 Hotel / Motel 8.0 6.4 6.6 2.0 4.6 6.4 n/a 7.6 11.3 n/a 9.8 12.2 In a Car 22.0 16.1 19.9 32.4 27.7 32.1 n/a 50.0 57.0 n/a 71.4 68.6 One or more Adults Present 12.0 19.4 19.9 15.7 23.1 20.2 n/a 17.8 22.3 n/a 27.8 24.4 Table 11. Percentage of Students Reporting Cigarette Use Grade 6 Grade 8 Grade 10 Grade 12 District District District District
25Risk Factor District State District State District State District State 2005 2005 2005 2005 2005 2005 2005 2005 Gambling Past Year Any Gambling 37.2 28.0 45.7 37.9 45.8 43.4 48.9 45.7 Gambled at a Casino 0.4 0.7 1.4 0.8 1.2 0.9 1.2 1.3 Played the Lottery 23.5 18.0 27.6 21.5 24.1 20.2 27.0 22.5 Bet on Sports 24.1 21.9 29.4 28.1 32.1 30.6 29.2 28.2 Bet on Cards 22.8 15.8 33.2 29.2 39.4 40.0 43.2 41.1 Bet on Horses 7.9 3.2 12.1 4.3 7.9 5.0 11.2 4.9 Played Bingo for Money 40.7 34.3 35.1 36.1 24.5 31.7 17.1 24.4 Gambled on the lnternet 3.3 3.7 7.3 5.9 9.2 8.0 9.8 7.1 Bet on Dice 7.7 5.3 10.3 6.6 8.8 8.4 12.8 7.9 Bet on Games of Skill 23.0 17.1 28.5 23.0 31.1 28.2 30.8 26.7 Gambled at a Community Event 8.5 7.5 13.1 12.8 17.6 16.9 14.2 15.2 Gambling Past 30 Days Any Gambling 17.9 12.0 20.1 15.9 21.9 20.0 24.4 22.5 Gambled at a Casino 0.2 0.4 0.8 0.4 0.0 0.3 0.6 0.4 Played the Lottery 11.2 5.7 11.3 6.7 6.6 5.5 6.3 5.9 Bet on Sports 12.4 9.6 13.9 11.8 15.9 12.0 13.1 11.1 Bet on Cards 12.2 6.5 13.5 11.8 20.9 17.7 21.3 17.9 Bet on Horses 3.9 1.4 3.9 1.3 2.9 1.6 5.6 1.7 Played Bingo for Money 13.2 8.3 10.0 8.1 7.9 6.7 4.3 4.1 Gambled on the lnternet 2.4 2.5 4.6 3.3 6.3 4.4 6.1 3.8 Bet on Dice 4.1 2.4 5.2 3.2 3.9 3.8 5.6 3.2 Bet on Games of Skill 14.2 7.5 11.7 9.7 13.1 11.8 14.0 10.8 Gambled at a Community Event 4.2 2.5 5.2 4.5 7.2 6.0 7.0 5.5 Table 12. Percentage of Students Engaging in Gambling Behavior Grade 10 Grade 12 Grade 6 Grade 8
26
Nebraska Partners in Prevention
State Incentive Cooperative Agreement (SICA)
Laurie Barger Sutter, SICA Director
laurie.sutter@hhss.ne.gov
P.O. Box 98925
Lincoln, NE 68509-8925
(402) 479-5573 phone
(402) 479-5162 fax
http://www.nebraskaprevention.gov
Nebraska Division of Behavioral Health
Services
Nebraska Health and Human Service System
Laurie Barger Sutter, Behavioral Health Prevention
Program Manager
laurie.sutter@hhss.ne.gov
P.O. Box 98925
Lincoln, NE 68509-8925
(402) 479-5573 phone
(402) 479-5162 fax
http://www.hhs.state.ne.us/beh/divbeh.htm
Nebraska Department of Education
Safe and Drug Free Schools Program
Karen Stevens, Director
karen.stevens@nde.ne.gov
P.O. Box 94987
Lincoln, NE 68509-4987
(402) 471-2448 phone
(402) 471-0117 fax
http://www.nde.state.ne.us/federalprograms/sdfs/i
ndex.htm
Tobacco Free Nebraska
Nebraska Health and Human Service System
Judy Martin, Administrator
judy.martin@hhss.ne.gov
P.O. Box 95044
Lincoln, NE 68509-95044
(402) 471- 3489 phone
(402) 471- 6446 fax
http://www.hhs.state.ne.us/tfn/
Nebraska Office of Highway Safety
Nebraska Department of Motor Vehicles
Fred Zwonechek, Administrator
fredz@dmv.ne.gov
P.O. Box 94612
Lincoln NE 68509-4612
(402) 471-2515 phone
(402) 471-3865 fax
http://www.dmv.state.ne.us/highwaysafety
Nebraska Commission on Law
Enforcement and Criminal Justice
Michael E. Behm, Executive Director
Michael.Behm@ncc.ne.gov
Nancy Steeves, Grants Administrator
Nancy.Steeves@nee.ne.gov
P.O. Box 94946
Lincoln, NE 68509-4946
(402) 471-2194 phone
(402) 471-2837 fax
http://www.ncc.state.ne.us/
U.S. Attorney’s Office
Joe Jeanette, Manager
Law Enforcement and Community
Coordination
joe.jeanette@usdoj.gov
First National Bank Building
1620 Dodge St, Suite 1400
Omaha NE 68102
(402) 661-3700 phone
(800) 889-9124 phone
(402) 661-3082 fax
http://www.usdoj.gov/usao/ne/
This Report was Prepared for the State of
Nebraska by Bach Harrison, L.L.C.
R. Steven Harrison, Ph.D.
Taylor Bryant, BA
R. Paris Bach-Harrison, BFA
116 South 500 East
Salt Lake City, Utah 84102
(801) 359-2064 phone
(801) 524-9688 fax
http://www.bach-harrison.com
Contacts for Prevention
Item -3
Presentation of Transportation Study Survey
Tuesday, September 05, 2006
Study Session
City of Grand Island
Staff Contact: Cindi Preisendorf
City of Grand Island City Council
Council Agenda Memo
From: Cindi Preisendorf
Meeting: September 5, 2006
Subject: Transportation Access Project
Item #’s: 3
Presenter(s): Cindi Preisendorf, Heartland Campaign Management
TAP Project Cordinator; Judy Vohland, Vocataional
Rehabilitation Services; Terri Sautter, Workforce
Development; Jeff Burke, Vocational Reahabilitaiton;
Marlan Ferguson, Economic Development Corporation,
Dr. Lynn Black, Central Community College; Kris
Nolan-Brown, Goodwill Industries; and Chuck Leach,
Center for Independent Living
Background
For a number of years, lack of public transportation had been identified as the most
critical service gap by the yearly Heartland Continuum of Care gap analysis as well as
identified as a critical priority in six separate community needs assessments, as well as by
consumers, residents and service providers consistently. As a result, in 2003 the
subcommittee of Heartland Continuum of Care was formed to research avenues to fill
this gap.
The Community Transportation Association of America granted funds to TAP partner St.
Francis Medical Center to bring in Jim Moore, of Moore and Associates, a nationally
known consultant on public transit. In June 2005, Jim Moore visited Grand Island and
conducted research. His findings were compiled in a community report that gave:
–Recommendations for reorganizing the current system for better efficiency and growth
–Recommendation for planning for future growth
–Recommendation for development of services and funding
Discussion
A second CTAA grant application was funded in January 2006 to complete detailed
planning necessary to implement Phase 1. Eight objectives are listed for completion in
2006, including OBJECTIVE 3: To conduct surveys and interviews with existing riders
and potential riders to determine interest and need. This survey has recently been
completed and we will report results to the City Council as well as other venues in the
month of September. Several represenatives from business, industry, human service
agencies, higher educaiton and current HCPT riders will give additional testimony on the
issue.
Conclusion
This item is presented to the City Council in a Study Session to allow for any questions to
be answered and to create a greater understanding of the issue at hand.
OC _________
TAP Transportation Survey for Residents
The purpose of this survey is to improve transportation for Grand Island Residents
This information is confidential and will be used for statistical purposes to determine the future transportation needs of Grand Island
residents. Do not provide any personal information that might identify you. Thank you!
1. Have you filled out this survey previously?
? No: Answer the following questions based upon your own experience whether that is your own car,
public transportation or something else that gets you where you need to go.
? Yes: STOP! We have already collected your information. Thank you!
2. Do you need transportation on a regular basis for? Check all that apply.
? Getting to work between 8 am and 5 pm ? Getting kids to day care or school
? Night work shifts or early morning work shifts ? Going to the doctor / dentist / medical
? Off peak hours (after 8:30 a.m. before 5 p.m.) ? Visiting friends and family, shopping and errands
? Recreational activities and events ? Attending training or education classes
? Weekend and holiday travel ? Travel to surrounding communities
? Accessing social service providers
3. How do you usually get places?
? Personal car/vehicle
? Bicycle/walking
? Family / Friends
? Family/Friends
? Vanpool / Carpool
? Hall County Public Transportation
? Other Service Provider:
? MNIS
? Goodwill
? Other _____________ 4. Are you currently employed? ? Yes ? No
4 a. If yes, is your employment? ? Full-time ? Part-time
5. Do you use the transportation listed above to get to work? ? Yes ? No
6. Is your transportation to work limited because of where you live? ? Yes ? No
Please rate how well you agree:
The transportation I use:
Strongly
Agree
Somewhat
Agree
Somewhat
Disagree
Strongly
Disagree
N/A
7. Does a good job of getting me w here I need to go. ? ? ? ? ?
8. Makes me wish there was something better. ? ? ? ? ?
9. Limits where I can work. ? ? ? ? ?
10. Is difficult to pay for. ? ? ? ? ?
11. Makes it easy to do other errands in addition to work ? ? ? ? ?
I would use public buses for work regularly if:
12. I knew what was available. ? ? ? ? ?
13. There were bus routes where I lived. ? ? ? ? ?
14. It allowed me to make stops for other tasks. ? ? ? ? ?
15. Wait time for pick-up was shorter. ? ? ? ? ?
16. Bus arrival time was more reliable. ? ? ? ? ?
17. It was easier for me to make an appointment. ? ? ? ? ?
18. I felt safe and secure. ? ? ? ? ?
19. Someone taught me how to use the bus. ? ? ? ? ?
20. Buses were easier for me to board. ? ? ? ? ?
21. Language was not a problem. ? ? ? ? ?
Continue on Back
OC _________
Please rate how well you agree:
Although I have a car, I would still use public
transportation to
Strongly
Agree
Somewhat
Agree
Somewhat
Disagree
Strongly
Disagree
N/A
22. Get to work. ? ? ? ? ?
23. Get to medical appointments. ? ? ? ? ?
24. Shopping, social events, entertainment. ? ? ? ? ?
25. Get to service provider appointments. ? ? ? ? ?
Demographic Information n
26. What city do you live in? ? Wood River ? Cairo ? Alda ? Doniphan ? Grand Island ? Other
27. Age? ? Under 19 ? 20-34 years ? 35-54 years ? 55-64 years ? 65 and over
28. Gender? ? Male ? Female
29. Number of adults in household? ? 1 ? 2 ? 3 ? 4 ? 5+
30. Number of children in household who are:
a. under 6 years of age? ? 1 ? 2 ? 3 ? 4 ? 5+
b. 6-13 years of age? ? 1 ? 2 ? 3 ? 4 ? 5+
c. 14-19 years of age? ? 1 ? 2 ? 3 ? 4 ? 5+
31. Total annual household
income?
? $0 -
$9,999
? $10,000-
$19,999
? $20,000-
$39,999
? 40,000-
$49,999
? $50,000+
32. Are you eligible to receive SSI, Social Security Disability,
TANF or other programs with income guidelines?
? Yes ? No
? ?
33. Do you have a disability that makes using transportation difficult? ? Yes ? No
a. If yes, check appropriate boxes: ? Developmental
/ Learning
? Psychiatric ? Vision
/Hearing
? Other Physical
_________________
34. Is English your first language? ? Yes ? No
35. Can you access services in English? ? Yes ? No
36. Today’s date: ____/ ____ /_______ 37. Where did you get this survey?
39. Please add comments/suggestions:
Thank You!
Please return to Community Development , P.O. Box 1968, Grand Island, NE 68802
If you have questions regarding the survey please call: 308-850-7190
TransportationCommunity
ASSOCIATION
ffoorr
TTeecchhnniiccaall AAssssiissttaannccee
GGrraanndd IIssllaanndd,,NNeebbrraasskkaa
June 2005
25530 Avenue Stanford
Suite 208
Valencia, CA 91355
Tel: 661-253-1277
Fax: 661-253-1208
www.moore-associates.net
Grand Island, Nebraska
TABLE OF CONTENTS
INTRODUCTION............................................................................................................................. 1
Origin of Study......................................................................................................................... 1
Consultant’s Role ..................................................................................................................... 1
Public Transit in Hall County................................................................................................. 2
IDENTIFY AND QUANTIFY DEMAND FOR EXPANDED SERVICE ............................................... 4
Social Service Surveys ............................................................................................................. 4
Field Observations................................................................................................................... 7
Demographic Information...................................................................................................... 8
SERVICE DEVELOPMENT............................................................................................................. 13
Service Development Scenarios........................................................................................... 13
Institutional Recommendations........................................................................................... 20
IMPLEMENTATION....................................................................................................................... 24
Grand Island, Nebraska
MOORE & ASSOCIATES CTAA
JUNE 2005 PAGE 1
INTRODUCTION
ORIGIN OF STUDY
The Grand Island Coordinated Transportation System Committee is a voluntary
committee whose mission is improving access to public transportation for all residents
of Hall County. Composed of more than 30 members, Committee representatives
include the Saint Francis Medical Center, City of Grand Island, Senior Citizens
Industries Inc., Central Nebraska Community Services, Hope Harbor, and numerous
other social service agencies located throughout Hall County and central Nebraska.
Over the last decade, Committee members have become increasingly aware of the
significant increase in the number of low-income persons lacking basic mobility to
access essential healthcare and social service programs. This population subset often
relies on social service agencies to assist with housing, food, job training, or healthcare
related services.
While public transportation has been available in Hall County since the 1970s, it has
focused historically on the mobility needs of seniors and persons with disabilities. This
increasing demand for affordable transportation services has resulted in the fielding of
some lifeline services by members of the Committee or similar organizations. In some
instances, such efforts are actual transportation services; in other cases it may be
subsidized transportation vouchers (i.e., gasoline vouchers, taxi scrip). Despite these
efforts, demand is significantly outpacing available funding.
At the Committee’s request, the St. Francis Medical Center Foundation (Grand Island,
Nebraska) submitted a funding request (November 2004) to the Community
Transportation Association of America (CTAA) for short-term technical assistance. The
CTAA approved the Foundation’s application in May 2005.
The overall goal of this project is to identify strategies for leading to possible expansion
of public transportation services in Hall County, thereby enhancing access by all
residents with the belief that successful public transit is both a quality of life and
economic development element.
CONSULTANT’S ROLE
The Community Transportation Association of America is a national, professional
membership association of organizations and individuals committed to removing
barriers to isolation and to improving mobility to all people. CTAA conducts research,
provides technical assistance, offers educational programs, and serves as an advocate in
order to make coordinated community transportation available, affordable, and
accessible.
Grand Island, Nebraska
MOORE & ASSOCIATES CTAA
JUNE 2005 PAGE 2
Funded under the USDA Rural Passenger Transportation Technical Assistance Program,
short-term technical assistance is available to help small communities enhance economic
growth and development by improving community transportation services. Short-term
technical assistance projects must be located in rural areas defined as being not within
the outer boundary of a city having a population of 50,000 or more and its immediately
adjacent urbanized or urbanizing area with a population density greater than 100
persons per square mile.
Established in 1991, Moore & Associates is a full-service, public transportation
consulting practice offering marketing and advertising, service evaluation and planning,
performance audits, and TDM-related services.
Our family of clients include some of the country’s most successful and fastest growing
public transportation organizations. Past and present clients include public transit
operators, inter-city and regional rail services, commercial airports, Metropolitan
Planning Organizations, Regional Transportation Planning Agencies, specialized
transportation providers, and Transportation Demand Management programs.
The Moore & Associates team is committed to developing client partnerships that yield
situation-specific solutions marked by cost-effective methods and quantifiable results.
The Grand Island project included six distinct steps or project milestones: (1) conduct
site visits to Hall County, Nebraska, (2) conduct stakeholder meetings, (3) summarize
demand for public transportation services, (4) compile recommendations, (5) prepare
and present report to CTAA, and (6) identify any additional technical assistance arising
from study recommendations.
PUBLIC TRANSIT IN HALL COUNTY
The Hall County Transportation system was established in the early 1970s, with Platte
Valley Community Action Agency being the first administrator. In 1972, administration
of the Hall County Transportation system was transferred to the Senior Citizens
Industries, Inc., a nonprofit IRS Section 501(c)(3) organization. Senior Citizens
Industries, Inc. has been administrator of the program ever since.
In 1974, the Handi Bus program was initiated to provide transportation for seniors and
the disabled. During that year, Handi Bus purchased two new vans and provided more
than 2,050 trips. In the early 1980s, the program expanded to three vehicles.
Historically, the service operated on a fare-free basis. In 1982, a 50-cent fare was
introduced, and the fare structure has remained unchanged since.
In recent years, the Handi Bus branding was changed to Hall County Public
Transportation to reflect the change in scope of service from a senior and disabled
service to one open to the general public. HCPT operates as a shared-ride, curb-to-curb,
Grand Island, Nebraska
MOORE & ASSOCIATES CTAA
JUNE 2005 PAGE 3
reservation-based transportation service. Patrons desiring a ride must call the HCPT
dispatch center at least one day in advance to schedule a ride.
In FY 2005, HCPT provided nearly 41,000 rides annually. The service operates
weekdays (7 a.m. to 5 p.m.) utilizing a fleet of six vans. According to calendar year 2004
data, HCPT had an annual operating budget of $180,462. Operating funds are derived
from four sources: Federal Transit Administration ($87,083), state ($38,606), local/county
($54,773), and farebox revenue.
Grand Island, Nebraska
MOORE & ASSOCIATES CTAA
JUNE 2005 PAGE 4
IDENTIFY AND QUANTIFY DEMAND FOR
EXPANDED SERVICE
To accurately identify and quantify demand for public transportation services in Hall
County, Moore & Associates conducted a variety of primary and secondary research
activities inclusive of the following:
1. Demographic research of Hall County.
2. Creation and administration of self-administered survey to social service
agencies.
3. On-site fieldwork.
4. Site meetings with several social service organizations (principally a
subset of the Coordinated Transportation System Committee).
5. Research of best practices regarding rural transportation provisions
within the region.
6. Facilitation of community meetings.
7. Attendance at Coordinated Transportation System Committee meeting.
SOCIAL SERVICE SURVEYS
In an effort to identify the transportation needs of social service agency clientele as well
as those transportation services currently being provided outside the publicly funded
circle, Moore & Associates prepared and distributed a self-administered survey to each
member of the Grand Island Transportation Committee. Valid responses were received
from the following organizations:
xCentral District Health Department
xCentral Nebraska Community Services
xCity of Grand Island
xGoodwill Industries of Greater Nebraska
xGrand Generation Center
xGrand Island Public Schools
xHope Harbor
xSenior Citizens Industries, Inc.
AGENCIES PROVIDING TRANSPORTATION
Of the 8 respondents listed above, five provide transportation services using agency-
owned vehicles: Senior Citizens Industries, Inc., Grand Generation Center, Hope
Harbor, Goodwill Industries of Greater Nebraska, and Grand Island Public Schools.
Grand Island, Nebraska
MOORE & ASSOCIATES CTAA
JUNE 2005 PAGE 5
Senior Citizens Industries, Inc. and Grand Island Public Schools reported the level of
service being provided (by their agency) addresses the baseline transportation needs of
their individual clientele.
Senior Citizens Industries, Inc. and Grand Generation Center (Senior and Disabled
Center) share facilities and serve the same clientele base. However, the Senior Citizens
Industries, Inc. representative completed the survey from the viewpoint of administrator
of the Hall County Public Transportation system, while the Grand Generation Center
representative completed the survey from the Center’s broader point of view.
While Grand Island Public Schools did not identify any (current) unmet transportation
needs, subsequent research revealed the District only provides home-to-school
transportation to pre-kindergarten students. Given the changing demographics of the
community combined with present and forecast land-use patterns, Moore & Associates
believes this translates to significant latent demand (i.e., untapped transit customer
market). Further, based on our experience in similar communities, we believe school-to-
home travel demand can complement (i.e., cost-sharing) a spectrum of general public
transportation services.
Grand Generation Center, Hope Harbor, and Goodwill Industries of Greater Nebraska
indicated that, while they provide transportation to their clientele, the level of service
provided is limited in both scope and capacity.
Grand Generation Center provides services to the elderly and disabled. Services include
transportation to healthcare facilities, shopping, job training, and education. Sources of
transportation for their clientele are the Hall County Public Transportation program,
and contracts with local taxi companies (through subsidized rides). The Grand
Generation Center indicates “needs are not being met based on the current level of
service being provided”. The Center would like to see additional vehicles and drivers
for Hall County Public Transportation program.
Hope Harbor provides a wide range of services targeting persons who are either
homeless or near homeless. The majority of clients are childbearing aged women under
30 years. The most pressing identified need is access to healthcare services. The
number two-trip purpose identified by Hope Harbor is job training/access to
employment. Based on our independent assessment of recent actual demand, 60 one-
way trips are requested daily through Hope Harbor. However, given funding
limitations, Hope Harbor is only able to fulfill 8.3 percent (or five trips) of the requests
received. In addition to providing its own transportation, Hope Harbor also distributes
gasoline purchase vouchers (generally limited to five dollars). Based on our site
discussion, Hope Harbor’s management team would seriously consider purchasing
monthly blocks of (public transit) fare media for distribution to its clientele if an
expanded public transit service became available in Hall County.
Goodwill Industries of Greater Nebraska serves developmentally disabled people age 18
and older, providing services such as rehabilitation, employment training, housing
placement, and transportation. Currently, Goodwill provides up to 100 trips daily in
Grand Island, Nebraska
MOORE & ASSOCIATES CTAA
JUNE 2005 PAGE 6
Grand Island to access healthcare and job training services for its clientele. Goodwill
Industries site management expects a forecast an increase in both intra-community and
inter-community travel demand within the next twelve months, which GWI cannot
accommodate given its in-house transportation service is already at capacity.
AGENCIES NOT PROVIDING TRANSPORTATION
The three respondents not providing their own internal transportation are: Central
District Health Department, City of Grand Island, and Central Nebraska Community
Services.
Within the Central District Health Department, the director of the WIC Program
(Women, Infants and Children) responded. The WIC program is aimed at children
under the age of five, as well as pregnant women, those breastfeeding, or up to six
months postpartum, who are low-income. Currently, 2,700 persons are enrolled in the
Department’s service area, which extends outside Hall County.
CDHD services include health, nutrition, and breast-feeding education as well as
monthly vouchers for food items. Staff noted a high percentage of program participants
miss their appointments because they lack transportation to/from the local WIC office.
The WIC program has no financial means of providing transportation assistance to its
clientele, and therefore supports an expanded general public transportation system in
the Grand Island area.
The City’s Community and Economic Development Department identifies, applies for,
and administers programmed and discretionary grants to assist with housing and
infrastructure improvements for low to moderate-income families residing within the
Community Development Block Grant (CDBG) project area. On the economic
development side, the City assists in the creation of economic opportunities and quality
jobs for persons in the low to moderate-income category. The Department serves
approximately 1,000 persons annually across all age ranges. While public transportation
services are outside the Department’s immediate purview, the City recognizes the HCPT
program as currently structured cannot meet the growing demands of the Grand Island
community. City staff envisions a more traditional (i.e., fixed-route) service providing
an easy and affordable means of traveling around town.
Central Nebraska Community Services (CNCS) is a “one stop” provider offering
assistance to the homeless/near homeless, childcare services, and nutritional programs.
The majority of clients are low-income and children. While the agency does not provide
transportation services, it does provide transportation subsidies through a Housing
Urban Development (HUD) grant. Client trip purposes cover a gamut of needs
including accessing healthcare, work-related, and school-related. The agency would like
to see an enhanced and affordable public transit service addressing these trip needs. If
such a service were introduced, CNCS staff indicated a willingness to explore a
reoccurring transportation-dedicated fundraiser.
Grand Island, Nebraska
MOORE & ASSOCIATES CTAA
JUNE 2005 PAGE 7
SOCIAL SERVICE SURVEY CONCLUSIONS
Six of the eight social service agencies indicated current transportation services are not
meeting the needs of their clientele. The most common priorities/unmet needs identified
were: (1) reliable and affordable transportation to access healthcare facilities, work,
school, shopping, and transporting kids to childcare; and (2) additional funding to
provide more vehicles/service to the existing HCPT program.
Based on the Hall County Public Transportation program, whose current rider ship is 99
percent seniors and persons with disabilities, there exists significant latent demand
among low-income persons who could directly benefit from an expanded countywide
public transit service. Beyond this core group, there is an expanding general public
population in need of enhanced public transportation alternatives.
FIELD OBSERVATIONS
In addition to distributing surveys to social service agencies, Moore & Associates’
project team traveled to Grand Island and conducted one-on-one interviews with a
number of organizations including:
xCentral Nebraska Community Services
xCity of Grand Island
xHope Harbor
xNational Assistance to Farmworkers
xSalvation Army
xSt. Francis Medical Center
xThird City Community Clinic, and
xTransportes Latinos.
The Salvation Army operates a men’s shelter, community food pantry, provides
congregate meals, and operates a thrift store. Most clientele either walk or use a bicycle
to access SA services, with an estimated 300 persons using agency services daily. While
the Salvation Army provides no transportation services, it does provide vouchers for
transportation. Salvation Army site staff expressed openness to possible purchase of
blocks of transit fare media for distribution to its clients, assuming an expanded county-
wide transit service became available.
The National Assistance to Farmworkers (NAF) focuses its resources on returning low-
income/economically disadvantaged persons to full-time work through training and
employment assistance. NAF provides vouchers for a variety of items including rent,
gasoline, food, and taxi vouchers for job interviews. Most NAF client (at the Grand
Island facility) are either Hispanic or Sudanese. The NAF sees the need for both intra
and inter-community transportation services to provide access to healthcare,
employment, and education. NAF identifies an immediate need for bilingual
(English/Spanish) public transportation collateral/information. Further, if expanded
public transportation services become available, NAF staff would explore the
Grand Island, Nebraska
MOORE & ASSOCIATES CTAA
JUNE 2005 PAGE 8
opportunity to include transit fare media as part of its transportation voucher/subsidy
program.
Transportes Latinos is a private firm providing weekly transportation service linking
Grand Island with communities precisely in Texas and Mexico. Local staff expressed
support for expanded public transportation services within the county, and remains
open to possible cross-promotional activities.
Third City Community Clinic consists of voluntary physicians who provide medical
assistance to low-income individuals otherwise unable to pay for essential medical care
and medications. Services are generally rendered in the evening hours and the Clinic
handles approximately 3,000 office visits per year. A satellite clinic is located in
Doniphan. Clinic management recognizes a need for expanded public transit services
within the county. However, there is no immediate opportunity based on its scope of
work/operating budget to buy discounted fare media/subsidies for their clientele.
Field visits were also made with Hope Harbor, Central Nebraska Community Services,
and the City of Grand Island. Information from those visits were incorporated into their
respective responses to the social services survey, discussed within the preceding
section.
DEMOGRAPHIC INFORMATION
Hall County is situated in the sixth tier of counties west of the Missouri River,
approximately 150 miles west of Omaha near Interstate 80. Organization of the county
occurred in 1859 with Grand Island as its seat. It is bounded on the north by Howard
County, on the east by Hamilton and Merrick counties, on the south by Adams, and on
the west by Buffalo.
Hall County has an average elevation of 1,850 feet above sea level. Grand Island is on
the Platte River and was named for the in the Platte River.
Grand Island is Hall County’s only major city and represents 80 percent of the county’s
resident population. Nearly 97 percent of Hall County’s total retail tax base is located in
Grand Island.
Between 1990 and 2004, the county’s population grew 12.1 percent reaching 54,862
residents. This translates to a density of 100 persons per square mile. The county’s
growth rate was slightly higher than Nebraska’s growth rate (10.7 percent) throughout
the same period.
EXHIBIT 1 – POPULATION CHANGE
Source: Department of US Census
POPULATION PERCENT CHANGELOCATION
1990 2000 2004 1990 - 2004 2000 - 2004
Hall County 48,925 53,534 54,862 12.1% 2.5%
Nebraska 1,578,385 1,711,263 1,747,214 10.7% 2.1%
Grand Island, Nebraska
MOORE & ASSOCIATES CTAA
JUNE 2005 PAGE 9
While overall population growth closely mirrors that of the state, growth by ethnicity
did not. The number of Hispanics persons in Hall County grew by 254 percent
(compared to 155 percent statewide), comprising 14 percent of the total population in
Hall County in 2000. (Hispanics account for 5.5 percent statewide). An estimate released
by the U.S. Bureau of Census confirms Hispanic growth is continuing with 16 percent of
the population to be of Hispanic origin in 2003.
Based on information provided by the Coordinated Transportation System Committee
(CTSC), Hispanics moving into Hall County are mostly new immigrants, speaking little
or no English. Traditionally low-income, these persons are employed seasonally at local
farms and packing houses. Moore & Associates bevies this presents a great opportunity
and identifies a significant unserved target market in Hall County. Hispanic persons are
chiefly located in the northeastern portion of Grand Island, accounting for 35 to 52
percent of the population in these census tracts.
EXHIBIT 2: HISPANICS IN HALL COUNTY
Grand Island, Nebraska
MOORE & ASSOCIATES CTAA
JUNE 2005 PAGE 10
Overall, 12 percent of residents in Hall County are below the federal poverty level as
established by the Census Bureau. This is slightly below the United States level of 12.4
percent, but higher than Nebraska’s 9.6 percent. Levels of poverty in Hall County are
scattered, with higher concentrations in central and eastern Hall County where some
census tracts approach 30 percent levels.
These higher concentrations are worth noting given a higher percentage of persons
living there translate to a higher propensity to utilize social service programs such as
Central Nebraska Community Services, Hope Harbor, etc. It is vital such persons have
equal access to public transportation services.
EXHIBIT 3: PERSONS BELOW POVERTY LEVEL
Grand Island, Nebraska
MOORE & ASSOCIATES CTAA
JUNE 2005 PAGE 11
Fourteen percent of Hall County residents are age 65 or older. This percentage is
slightly higher than Nebraska’s (13.6 percent) and the national average (12.4 percent).
Within Hall County, seniors are more likely to reside in western Grand Island. Central
Grand Island has the lowest percentage of seniors, with census tracts averaging seven to
nine percent.
In Hall County, we observe an inverse relationship between age and incidence of
poverty. It appears where higher levels of seniors are concentrated; the number of
persons below the poverty level is lower. This is an anomaly. Generally speaking,
seniors live on fixed-incomes with many at or near the federal poverty level.
EXHIBIT 4: PERSONS OVER THE AGE OF 65
Grand Island, Nebraska
MOORE & ASSOCIATES CTAA
JUNE 2005 PAGE 12
Using Census 2000 data, Moore & Associates investigated the number of households
containing one vehicle or less. Overall, Hall County experienced high rates of
households containing one vehicle or less. The highest levels were recorded in central
and western Grand Island. The darkest blue shaded areas represent census tracts where
more than one-half of households had only one vehicle available.
We believe these demographics translate to quantifiable rider ship growth
opportunities. In other words, public transit’s share of the total travel/trip market can be
expanded beyond seniors and the disabled if expanded public transit became available.
EXHIBIT 5: HOUSEHOLDS WITH ONE VEHICLE OR LESS
Hall County has evolved into an increasingly multi-cultural community. Even though
demographics of the community are segmented (i.e., seniors in western Grand Island,
Hispanics in eastern Grand Island), each population segment has its own set of
transportation needs. Impartial evidence exists of quantifiable demand for expanded
public transportations rides throughout the county.
Grand Island, Nebraska
MOORE & ASSOCIATES CTAA
JUNE 2005 PAGE 13
SERVICE DEVELOPMENT
This chapter interprets the data and information presented in prior sections and
translates it into several service development opportunities.
Presently Hall County Public Transportation consists of a six-van dial-a-ride service
operated by the Senior Citizens Industries, Inc. almost exclusively serving seniors and
disabled persons with limited access by the general community.
Moore & Associates has developed three service development scenarios each affording
substantial improvement over the current dial-a-ride service. Alternative A is the most
conservative and focuses on asset reallocation. Alternative A is also referred to as the
baseline alternative.
Alternative B builds upon Alternative A, adding limited transit service on Saturday as
well as seasonal evening service to Central Community College.
Alternative C builds upon Alternative B to provide increased intra-community service
levels while also investigating possible (most-likely) inter-county connections.
SERVICE DEVELOPMENT SCENARIOS
The following narrative outlines three possible service development scenarios reflective
of the Hall County environment. These scenarios follow a logical and reasonable
growth pattern for expansion of public transit. In other words, Moore & Associates
views each scenario as a stepping-stone. As such, we do not recommend transitioning
from the current service to Alternative C in merely a year’s time. Rather, we
recommend transitioning from Alternative A to Alternative B to Alternative C as
demand matures and appropriate funding is secured.
ALTERNATIVE A (REALLOCATION)
A reallocation scenario redistributes existing resources without adding any additional
service hours. The main purpose of reallocation is to increase efficiency and
effectiveness without additional operating costs. Major highlights of this scenario
include:
xNo additional Vehicle Service Hours.
xEstablish two-vehicle circulator within Grand Island.
xEstablish circulator for surrounding communities.
xIncrease marketing and promotion.
This scenario presents a two-vehicle deviated fixed-route circulator within the city of
Grand Island. Providing a deviated fixed-route service complies with the American
Disabilities Act (ADA), which requires complementary service for certified disabled
Grand Island, Nebraska
MOORE & ASSOCIATES CTAA
JUNE 2005 PAGE 14
persons. If the service did not deviate, a separate service would have to be established
to comply with ADA regulations, translating to increased operating costs.
The proposed Grand Island circulator would consist of a single 60-minute route
providing bi-directional service every 30 minutes. Attentively, the proposed circulator
route could be split into two lobes, creating a 30-minute loop north of downtown and a
30-minute loop south of downtown. As a deviated fixed-route, the service would follow
a specified route alignment and make pre-arranged pickup/drop off deviations.
Service to surrounding communities (Alda, Cairo, Doniphan, and Wood River) would
be provided on a four round-trip daily basis. In itself, this represents a significant
increase over the current once-weekly service. This inter-community shuttle would also
act as a deviated fixed-route, requiring the assignment of one vehicle/one driver.
EXHIBIT 6: SCHEDULED TRIPS TO SURROUNDING COMMUNITIES
Alternative A requires three vehicles. The current HCPT service utilizes four vehicles
(out of a possible six-vehicle fleet). Reducing the number of vehicles to three would
allow the reallocation of vehicle service hours so as to extend the GI Circulator to a 7
a.m. to 7 p.m. weekday servies.
EXHIBIT 7: REALLOCATION OF VEHICLE SERVICE HOURS
Note: Assumes 251 service days per year.
Details of marketing and promotion recommendations are presented within the
institutional recommendations section of this chapter.
Below are the forecast costs associated with Alternative A. Our cost estimates include
the following assumptions:
xAlternative A would be implemented sometime in FY 2005/06 and continue
through FY 2007/08.
Grand
Island Doniphan Grand
Island Cairo Grand
Island Alda Wood
River Alda Grand
Island
7:00 AM 7:20 AM 7:40 AM 8:05 AM 8:30 AM 8:45 AM 8:55 AM 9:05 AM 9:20 AM
9:30 AM 9:50 AM 10:10 AM 10:35 AM 11:00 AM 11:15 AM 11:25 AM 11:35 AM 11:50 AM
12:00 PM 12:20 PM 12:40 PM 1:05 PM 1:30 PM 1:45 PM 1:55 PM 2:05 PM 2:20 PM
2:30 PM 2:50 PM 3:10 PM 3:35 PM 4:00 PM 4:15 PM 4:25 PM 4:35 PM 4:50 PM
Current Service Proposed Service
7 a.m. - 7p.m. Grand Island
7 a.m. - 5 p.m. Surrounding Areas
Number of Vehicles Required 43
Vehicle Service Hours per Day 36 34
Total Vehicle Service Hours 9036 8534
Service Hours 7 a.m. - 5 p.m.
Grand Island, Nebraska
MOORE & ASSOCIATES CTAA
JUNE 2005 PAGE 15
xLevel of service provided in FY 2004/05 will constitute baseline service.
xOperating data is based on figures reported in the original CTAA application
and subsequent conversations with both St. Francis Medical Center and Senior
Citizens Industries, Inc. staff.
xOperating cost per hour assumes an increase of three percent per annum.
xNo notification in the current HCPT fare structure would occur.
EXHIBIT 8: PROJECTED COST OF ALTERNATIVE A
ALTERNATIVE B
This alternative builds upon Alternative A and provides expanded public transportation
services in Hall County. Highlights of this alternative include:
xLimited service on Saturdays.
xExtended (seasonal) evening hours to service Central Community College.
xPotential fare structure modification.
Alternative B also presents a deviated fixed-route service delivery methodology.
Deviated fixed-routes are ADA compliant and do not require complementary transit
service to be provided for the certified disabled persons.
There are two different approaches to providing service on Saturdays. The first reduces
overall service hours, but not frequency. In Hall County, current weekday service
(Alternative A) is weekdays from 7 a.m. to 7 p.m., with service every 30 minutes. If this
approach is followed, we recommend 30-minute service on Saturdays from 9 a.m. to 4
p.m. The second approach reduces frequency without affecting service hours. In this
case, service on Saturday would still be provided from 7 a.m. to 7 p.m., but on a 60-
minute headway.
FY 04/05 FY 05/06 FY 06/07 FY 07/08
Vehicle Service Hours 9,073 8,534 8,534 8,534
Passengers 40,777 48,932 57,251 65,839
Passengers/Hour 4.5 5.7 6.7 7.7
Average Fare/ Passenger 0.50$ 0.50$ 0.50$ 0.50$
Fares Collected 20,389$ 24,466$ 28,625$ 32,919$
Operating Cost/Hour 19.89$ 20.49$ 21.10$ 21.73$
TOTAL OPERATING COST 180,462$ 174,833$ 180,079$ 185,481$
Vehicle Replacement -$ 90,000$ 90,000$ -$
Bus Stop Amenities -$ 7,250$ 7,500$ 7,500$
TOTAL CAPITAL COST -$ 97,250$ 97,500$ 7,500$
TOTAL COST 180,462$ 272,083$ 277,579$ 192,981$
OPERATING COSTS
CAPITAL COSTS
TOTAL COST
Grand Island, Nebraska
MOORE & ASSOCIATES CTAA
JUNE 2005 PAGE 16
Whichever option is selected, the number of vehicle service hours required is nearly
identical (frequency-based equates to 52 more VSH/year). Since demand on Saturdays is
forecast to be lower than weekdays, we believe a 60-minute headway approach would
be appropriate. Doing so would allow vehicle service hours to be spread across
/throughout the entire service day.
EXHIBIT 9: SATURDAY SERVICE: FREQUENCY VERSUS HOUR-BASED
The Grand Island campus of Central Community College (CCC) is located southeast of
Grand Island city limits, off Highway 34 between Shady Bend Road and Gunbarrel
Road. Based on conversations with CCC administration we peg enrollment at 700 full-
time students and 5,250 part-time students.
Classes are in session weekdays from 8:00 a.m. until to 10:00 p.m. To serve this
untapped market, we recommend introducing service to CCC on a (seasonal) trial basis.
To optimize operating dollars, CCC service would be provided on a one semester trial
basis, with an operation schedule mirroring only in-session times/days.
The proposed alignment would begin at the primary transfer point of the proposed
Grand Island circulator, and continue south on Locust then east to the CCC campus.
Return runs from the CCC campus would function as a de facto demand-response
service. Moore & Associates has developed similar services in numerous small
communities throughout California.
EXHIBIT 10: SERVICE TO CENTRAL COMMUNITY COLLEGE
Frequency Based Hour Based
Saturday Service 9 a.m. - 4 p.m. 7 a.m. - 7 p.m.
Number of Vehicles Required 2 1
VSH per Saturday 13 12
Total Saturday VSH/year 676 624
Grand
Island CCC
7:30 AM 7:40 AM
8:30 AM 8:40 AM
12:40 PM 12:50 PM
2:40 PM 2:50 PM
5:40 PM 5:50 PM
11:45 AM
2:00 PM
6:00 PM
9:15 PM
10:15 PM
Trips To CCC
Trips from CCC
Grand Island, Nebraska
MOORE & ASSOCIATES CTAA
JUNE 2005 PAGE 17
HCPT’s current fare structure of 50 cents was adopted in 1982. To keep pace with
increasing costs (external and internal), as well as help offset the costs associated with
the proposed service expansion, we recommend implementing a fare adjustment
concurrent with the new service. Moore & Associates has successfully employed this
strategy in numerous communities.
EXHIBIT 11: PROPOSED FARE STRUCTURE
The proposed fare remains compliant with ADA directives. C.F.R. 49 Section 37.131
states ADA fares for certified disabled persons cannot exceed twice the amount of the
regular fare. Since the proposed base fare is one dollar, the $1.75 charged for ADA
certified persons is within ADA parameters.
Exhibit 12 presents cost forecasts associated with Alternative B. Our cost estimates
include the following assumptions:
xAlternative A would be implemented starting in FY 2005/06. Alternative B
would be implemented in FY 2006/07.
xThe level of service provided in FY 2004/05 will constitute baseline service.
xOperating data is based on figures presented in the Foundation's CTAA grant
application, as well as subsequent discussions with St. Francis Medical Center
Foundation and Senior Citizens Industries, Inc. staff.
xOperating cost per hour assumes an increase of three percent per annum.
xFare adjustments reflective of Exhibit 11.
Category Proposed
Fare
Adults 1.00$
Seniors/Disabled 0.50$
Children/Students 0.75$
Additional charge to Deviations 1.75$
Grand Island, Nebraska
MOORE & ASSOCIATES CTAA
JUNE 2005 PAGE 18
EXHIBIT 12: PROJECTED COST OF ALTERNATIVE B
ALTERNATIVE C
This alternative builds upon Alternatives A and B, as well as investigating connections
with public transit services operating in neighboring communities. Highlights of this
alternative include:
xIncrease service marketing and promotion,
xIncrease level of service on circulator, and
xPossibility of providing connections to neighboring services.
With rare expatations, the introduction of expanded transit services results in a
commensurate increase in transit patronage. While ridership growth has averaged 2.5
percent per quarter nationally, we believe the dynamics of the Hall County market will
result in a much stronger growth trend (assuming the recommended service
modifications are introduced). The prior service alternatives assume 30-minute
frequencies throughout a 7 a.m. to 7 p.m. service day.
Alternative B assumes a weekday operating period of 6:30 a.m. to 8:00 p.m. We favor
this over Alternative A given the significant number of transit dependent residents,
entry-level employees outside the traditional nine-to-five employment parameters, and
students attending evening college noted within Hall County. The addition of 1.5 hours
/weekday would increase the number of Vehicle Service Hours operated on the
proposed circulator by 753 annually.
Moore & Associates strongly recommend ongoing monitoring of neighboring transit
programs such as Buffalo County’s RYDE program. While the RYDE program is
currently a dial-a-ride service (i.e., no fixed-route alignments), we believe that in light of
RYDE’s recent vibrant rider ship growths it could evolve into one shortly. Therefore, as
the proposed Hall County transit service develops we recommend consideration of
FY 04/05 FY 05/06 FY 06/07 FY 07/08
Vehicle Service Hours 9,073 8,534 10,790 10,790
Passengers 40,777 48,932 62,144 73,952
Passengers/Hour 4.5 5.7 5.8 6.9
Average Fare/ Passenger 0.50$ 0.50$ 0.66$ 0.72$
Fares Collected 20,389$ 24,466$ 41,015$ 53,245$
Operating Cost/Hour 19.89$ 20.49$ 21.10$ 21.73$
TOTAL OPERATING COST 180,462$ 174,833$ 227,683$ 234,514$
Vehicle Replacement 90,000$ 90,000$ 45,000$
Bus Stop Amenities 7,250$ 9,000$ 9,000$
TOTAL CAPITAL COST -$ 97,250$ 99,000$ 54,000$
TOTAL COST 180,462$ 272,083$ 326,683$ 288,514$
OPERATING COSTS
CAPITAL COSTS
TOTAL COST
Grand Island, Nebraska
MOORE & ASSOCIATES CTAA
JUNE 2005 PAGE 19
timed-transfer linkages with other with other systems. The immediate benefit is
enhanced mobility beyond the Hall County environment.
Exhibit 13 presents to cost forecasts associated with Alternative C. Our cost estimates
include the following assumptions:
xAlternative A would be implemented starting in FY 2005/06. Alternative B
would be implemented in FY 2006/07. Alternative C would follow in FY 2007/08.
xLevel of service provided in FY 2004/05 will constitute baseline service.
xOperating data is based on figures presented in the Foundation’s CTAA grant
application, as well as subsequent discussions with St. Francis Medical Center
Foundation and Senior Citizens Industries, Inc. staff.
xOperating cost per hour assumes an increase of three percent per annum.
xFare adjustments reflective of Exhibit 11.
EXHIBIT 13: PROJECTED COST OF ALTERNATIVE C
FY 04/05 FY 05/06 FY 06/07 FY 07/08
Vehicle Service Hours 9,073 8,534 10,790 12,043
Passengers 40,777 48,932 62,144 77,059
Passengers/Hour 4.5 5.7 5.8 6.4
Average Fare/ Passenger 0.50$ 0.50$ 0.66$ 0.72$
Fares Collected 20,389$ 24,466$ 41,015$ 55,482$
Operating Cost/Hour 19.89$ 20.49$ 21.10$ 21.73$
TOTAL OPERATING COST 180,462$ 174,833$ 227,683$ 261,747$
Vehicle Replacement 90,000$ 90,000$ 45,000$
Bus Stop Amenities 7,250$ 9,000$ 9,000$
TOTAL CAPITAL COST -$ 97,250$ 99,000$ 54,000$
TOTAL COST 180,462$ 272,083$ 326,683$ 315,747$
OPERATING COSTS
CAPITAL COSTS
TOTAL COST
Grand Island, Nebraska
MOORE & ASSOCIATES CTAA
JUNE 2005 PAGE 20
INSTITUTIONAL RECOMMENDATIONS
ESTABLISH A NEW IDENTITY FOR HALL COUNTY PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION
For many years, Hall County Public Transportation has focused on seniors and the
disabled. Within these market segments, service awareness and familiarity is relatively
high. However, awareness and familiarity among other population subsets within Hall
County is low since the service has only been open to the general public since September
2004. Since that time, very little has been done to promote this shift in focus.
CREATE A STRONG COMMUNITY OUTREACH PROGRAM
Grassroots community outreach is the most effective medium for establishing a transit
system as a safe, convenient, reliable, and comfortable means of transportation. Hall
County enjoys a great advantage over many other communities. It already has an
organized and active committee composed of representatives of local social service
groups and government agencies called the Coordinated Transportation System
Committee. Working with community groups provides access to community leaders
and a forum to present the public transit message.
One effective strategy is to team with grassroots community events. These events
position the County’s transit services as an integral part of the community. Events such
as the Hall County Fair, Husker Harvest Days, and Old Settlers Picnic could be used to
position the service as a free shuttle serving these local venues.
ACTIVELY PROMOTE A POSITIVE IMAGE “BRANDING”FOR TRANSIT SYSTEM
Service identity “branding” could involve changing the name of the service. In any
event, the community’s transit “branding” should be made highly visible throughout
the service area. There are three primary placement locations for the new logo/identity:
on the vehicles themselves, marketing information/collateral, and at bus stops (assuming
some fixed-route component is included).
Each Hall County Public Transportation vehicle should be “branded” with an
identifiable logo in a large format, ensuring easy recognition.
If Hall County Public Transit system converts to a deviated or fixed-route service it
should also be easily identifiable at each of its stops. The branding should be included
in all signage, maps, and printed materials posted at stop locations. Each sign conveys
an impression that generates awareness. Increased awareness and knowledge about the
community’s public transit services is important on two levels:
xAwareness is the first step in attracting new riders. The standard marketing
model (AIDA) dictates new customers must first become Aware and be given
enough information to become Interested. Once interested, the potential customer
then makes a Decision based on the information and the decision is followed by
Action. Action is actually trying the service. After trial, customer satisfaction
will turn a trial rider into a regular rider. A regular rider who is extremely
Grand Island, Nebraska
MOORE & ASSOCIATES CTAA
JUNE 2005 PAGE 21
satisfied with the service may become an advocate and actually attract new
riders.
xTransit market research conducted in peer communities indicate customer
satisfaction is directly related to awareness and knowledge of the services
offered.
The most effective measures of the success of this strategy are the levels of general
awareness (aided and unaided).
DEVELOP AND IMPLEMENT MARKETING PLAN
Moore & Associates views marketing as an investment rather then an expense.
A good marketing plan sets specific marketing objectives. For public transit, those
objectives are traditionally based on rider ship and farebox recovery. However, because
public transit must rely upon some level of taxpayer and public support, general
awareness and support by both local taxpayers and elected or appointed policy makers
is also necessary. A comprehensive marketing plan should include both marketing
objectives and strategies for achieving those objectives.
OBJECTIVES
Marketing objectives are individual to each transit program or service. They depend on
the demographics and economics of the service area, availability of programmed and
discretionary funds, governing structure, and most importantly, the mission, vision, and
values of the program.
STRATEGIES
Strategies provide focus to a marketing plan. Strategies focus on specific markets,
market needs, and service offerings. Once these have been identified, specific tactics
must be developed establishing the marketing message and the channels for its
transmission.
The marketing plan should include specific milestone dates, expense budgets, and
expected results. Actual results should be compared to the expected results to
determine the effectiveness of the program.
Based on our field observations, we recommend the County/administering entity either
hire an additional (part-time) staff person or contact with a qualified consultant
specializing in community-based public transit services.
PREPARE NEW SYSTEM BROCHURE
In many instances, the first piece of information a potential transit rider encounters is the
service brochure. Therefore, it is imperative the brochure be both easy-to-read and
Grand Island, Nebraska
MOORE & ASSOCIATES CTAA
JUNE 2005 PAGE 22
comprehensive in scope. Brochures lacking important information or clarity are likely to
discourage all but the most transit-dependent from using a service.
Currently, patrons can access Hall County Public Transportation information through
the Senior Citizens Industries, Inc. brochure, which features a wide array of information
(besides transit) for seniors. There is also a separate 8.5-inch by 11-inch leaflet
describing Hall County Public Transportation.
Assuming any of the service enhancements detailed herein are implemented, the current
HCPT collateral will have to be revised.
ESTABLISH DEVIATED FIXED-ROUTE POLICY
Implementation of any of the proposed alternatives warrants development and adoption
of a deviated fixed-route policy. A proactive approach is recommended as it “protects”
the core customer base.
We recommend establishing policies for the following:
xNo-shows/ride cancellations
xRoute deviations
NO SHOW/RIDE CANCELLATION POLICY
As a preventative measure, we recommend the County/administering entity take steps
to establish such a policy. At a minimum we recommend the policy address:
1. Definition of a no-show and cancellation.
2. Limits before action will be taken.
3. Penalties for non-compliance.
The adopted policy should clearly define the terms no-show and late cancellation.
Industry standards generally abide by the following definitions:
xNo-show: A passenger who fails to cancel an unneeded scheduled trip; a
passenger who is not at the designated pick-up location at the scheduled
departure time; a passenger who is not ready to travel at their scheduled
time.
xLate cancellation: A passenger who cancels a scheduled ride less than one
hour in advance of the scheduled pick-up time.
To address patrons with a pattern of no-shows or late cancellations, we recommend the
County/administering entity consider the following guidelines:
xThree no-shows or late cancellations within a three-month period
result in a verbal notification.
xFour no-shows or late cancellations within a three-month period
result in a written notification.
Grand Island, Nebraska
MOORE & ASSOCIATES CTAA
JUNE 2005 PAGE 23
xFive no-shows or late cancellations within a three-month period result
in service use restriction.
The goal of the recommended polices is not to punish patrons, but rather to educate
them. By communicating the impact an individual’s actions can have on the operation
of their service, patrons not only become proponents of the policy, often times they
encourage compliance through peer pressure.
In order to effectively implement this policy, the administrator must maintain accurate
record of the incidence of both no-shows and complaints.
RUN DEVIATIONS
We recommend the County/administering entity impose a limit of two trip deviations
between established time-points. While this adjustment will increase dispatch activity
(i.e., suggest alternative pick-up times), we believe it will benefit the overall service
through enhanced on-time performance. This limit may be adjusted upward as patron
travel patterns become more established.
We also recommend the County/administering entity consider introducing a 75-cent fare
surcharge for each trip deviation (as discussed in service Alternative B). C.F.R. 49
Section 37.131 states that ADA fares for certified disabled persons cannot exceed twice
the fare of the regular fare. Since base fare proposed is one dollar, the proposed $1.75
service fee (for deviations) falls within ADA guidlines.
Grand Island, Nebraska
MOORE & ASSOCIATES CTAA
JUNE 2005 PAGE 24
IMPLEMENTATION
This chapter presents an action plan designed as a “blueprint” guiding future
development of the Hall County Public Transportation program. Typically, the first 12
to 24 following service start-up represents a demonstration period, where the service is
closely monitored to determine if it is performing up to forecast levels.
The table on the following page is a timeline of steps the County/administering entity
may employ assuming the service alternatives from the previous chapter are selected.
There are a number of important steps that must be taken before actual implementation
of the service:
xFinalize operating budget,
xFinalize route design,
xFinalize any bus stop locations and installation of signs/poles,
xResolve any capacity and/or ADA issues,
xPrepare marketing collateral,
xImplement marketing program, and
xDevelop data collection and performance monitoring.
City of Grand Island, Nebraska MOORE & ASSOCIATESCTAAJUNE 2005 PAGE 25EXHIBIT14: IMPLEMENTATION SCHEDULExFinalize route design and operating schedule. xDetermine budgetary opportunities/constraints. xIdentify/secure additional funding. xDevelop budget priorities. xEstablish “Friends of Transit” advisory committee.xCreate/implement marketing program. xPrepare/distribute marketing collateral. xDesign monitoring program. xImplement Alternative A. xIncrease marketing and promotion.xImplement monitoring program. xAdminister customer survey. xImplement Alternative B. xContinue operating deviated fixed-route. Refine service schedule, as needed. xContinue marketing program. xTrend monitoring. xImplement Alternative C.xContinue deviated fixed-route operations. xContinue marketing program. xInvestigate connections with neighboring services. xOngoing monitoring. Determine if performance standards are being met. If not, determine course of action: 1. Continue service, but adjust performance standards. 2. Modify service. Immediate: FY 2005/06 Short-Term: FY 2006/07 Mid-Term: FY 2007/08 Long-Term: FY 2008/09
previous survey
Value Freq.Percent Cum.
Percent
Valid
Percent
Cum. Val.
Percent
Response
Mean: 0.04
Graph
100.00520
574 100.00
90.59
9.41
Total Valid
Missing
Total
54
96.1596.1587.1187.110.00No 500
100.003.8590.593.481.00Yes 20
020406080100
No
Yes
to work1
Value Freq.Percent Cum.
Percent
Valid
Percent
Cum. Val.
Percent
Response
Mean: 1.00
Graph
100.00187
574 100.00
32.58
67.42
Total Valid
Missing
Total
387
100.00100.0032.5832.581.00yes 187
0
20
406080
100
yes
night shift
Value Freq.Percent Cum.
Percent
Valid
Percent
Cum. Val.
Percent
Response
Mean: 1.00
Graph
100.00220
574 100.00
38.33
61.67
Total Valid
Missing
Total
354
100.00100.0038.3338.331.00yes 220
020
40
6080
100
yes
Detailed Item Analysis Report
Detailed Item Analysis Report Page 18/28/2006
off peak
Value Freq.Percent Cum.
Percent
Valid
Percent
Cum. Val.
Percent
Response
Mean: 1.00
Graph
100.00123
574 100.00
21.43
78.57
Total Valid
Missing
Total
451
100.00100.0021.4321.431.00yes 123
020
40
6080
100
yes
Recreational
Value Freq.Percent Cum.
Percent
Valid
Percent
Cum. Val.
Percent
Response
Mean: 1.00
Graph
100.00191
574 100.00
33.28
66.72
Total Valid
Missing
Total
383
100.00100.0033.2833.281.00yes 191
0
20
406080
100
yes
weekend travel
Value Freq.Percent Cum.
Percent
Valid
Percent
Cum. Val.
Percent
Response
Mean: 1.00
Graph
100.00158
574 100.00
27.53
72.47
Total Valid
Missing
Total
416
100.00100.0027.5327.531.00yes 158
020
40
6080
100
yes
Detailed Item Analysis Report Page 28/28/2006
social services
Value Freq.Percent Cum.
Percent
Valid
Percent
Cum. Val.
Percent
Response
Mean: 1.00
Graph
100.00158
574 100.00
27.53
72.47
Total Valid
Missing
Total
416
100.00100.0027.5327.531.00yes 158
020
40
6080
100
yes
day care school
Value Freq.Percent Cum.
Percent
Valid
Percent
Cum. Val.
Percent
Response
Mean: 1.00
Graph
100.00224
574 100.00
39.02
60.98
Total Valid
Missing
Total
350
100.00100.0039.0239.021.00yes 224
0
20
406080
100
yes
medical
Value Freq.Percent Cum.
Percent
Valid
Percent
Cum. Val.
Percent
Response
Mean: 1.00
Graph
100.00218
574 100.00
37.98
62.02
Total Valid
Missing
Total
356
100.00100.0037.9837.981.00yes 218
020
40
6080
100
yes
Detailed Item Analysis Report Page 38/28/2006
visit friends
Value Freq.Percent Cum.
Percent
Valid
Percent
Cum. Val.
Percent
Response
Mean: 1.00
Graph
100.00202
574 100.00
35.19
64.81
Total Valid
Missing
Total
372
100.00100.0035.1935.191.00yes 202
020
40
6080
100
yes
education
Value Freq.Percent Cum.
Percent
Valid
Percent
Cum. Val.
Percent
Response
Mean: 1.00
Graph
100.00201
574 100.00
35.02
64.98
Total Valid
Missing
Total
373
100.00100.0035.0235.021.00yes 201
0
20
406080
100
yes
travel surround
Value Freq.Percent Cum.
Percent
Valid
Percent
Cum. Val.
Percent
Response
Mean: 1.00
Graph
100.00115
574 100.00
20.03
79.97
Total Valid
Missing
Total
459
100.00100.0020.0320.031.00yes 115
020
40
6080
100
yes
Detailed Item Analysis Report Page 48/28/2006
Personal Car
Value Freq.Percent Cum.
Percent
Valid
Percent
Cum. Val.
Percent
Response
Mean: 1.00
Graph
100.00375
574 100.00
65.33
34.67
Total Valid
Missing
Total
199
100.00100.0065.3365.331.00yes 375
020
40
6080
100
yes
bike-walk
Value Freq.Percent Cum.
Percent
Valid
Percent
Cum. Val.
Percent
Response
Mean: 1.00
Graph
100.00343
574 100.00
59.76
40.24
Total Valid
Missing
Total
231
100.00100.0059.7659.761.00yes 343
0
20
406080
100
yes
friends-family
Value Freq.Percent Cum.
Percent
Valid
Percent
Cum. Val.
Percent
Response
Mean: 1.00
Graph
100.00219
574 100.00
38.15
61.85
Total Valid
Missing
Total
355
100.00100.0038.1538.151.00yes 219
020
40
6080
100
yes
Detailed Item Analysis Report Page 58/28/2006
car pool
Value Freq.Percent Cum.
Percent
Valid
Percent
Cum. Val.
Percent
Response
Mean: 1.00
Graph
100.0047
574 100.00
8.19
91.81
Total Valid
Missing
Total
527
100.00100.008.198.191.00yes 47
020
40
6080
100
yes
HCPT
Value Freq.Percent Cum.
Percent
Valid
Percent
Cum. Val.
Percent
Response
Mean: 1.00
Graph
100.0046
574 100.00
8.01
91.99
Total Valid
Missing
Total
528
100.00100.008.018.011.00yes 46
0
20
406080
100
yes
MNIS
Value Freq.Percent Cum.
Percent
Valid
Percent
Cum. Val.
Percent
Response
Mean: 1.00
Graph
100.0075
574 100.00
13.07
86.93
Total Valid
Missing
Total
499
100.00100.0013.0713.071.00yes 75
020
40
6080
100
yes
Detailed Item Analysis Report Page 68/28/2006
Goodwill
Value Freq.Percent Cum.
Percent
Valid
Percent
Cum. Val.
Percent
Response
Mean: 1.00
Graph
100.0031
574 100.00
5.40
94.60
Total Valid
Missing
Total
543
100.00100.005.405.401.00yes 31
020
40
6080
100
yes
other
Value Freq.Percent Cum.
Percent
Valid
Percent
Cum. Val.
Percent
Response
Mean: 1.00
Graph
100.0042
574 100.00
7.32
92.68
Total Valid
Missing
Total
532
100.00100.007.327.321.00yes 42
0
20
406080
100
yes
not employ
Value Freq.Percent Cum.
Percent
Valid
Percent
Cum. Val.
Percent
Response
Mean: 1.00
Graph
100.00220
574 100.00
38.33
61.67
Total Valid
Missing
Total
354
100.00100.0038.3338.331.00not employed 220
020406080100
not employed
Detailed Item Analysis Report Page 78/28/2006
FT
Value Freq.Percent Cum.
Percent
Valid
Percent
Cum. Val.
Percent
Response
Mean: 1.00
Graph
100.00200
574 100.00
34.84
65.16
Total Valid
Missing
Total
374
100.00100.0034.8434.841.00yes 200
020
40
6080
100
yes
get to work
Value Freq.Percent Cum.
Percent
Valid
Percent
Cum. Val.
Percent
Response
Mean: 0.69
Graph
100.00428
574 100.00
74.56
25.44
Total Valid
Missing
Total
146
68.9368.9351.3951.391.00Yes 295
100.0031.0774.5623.170.00No 133
020406080100
Yes
No
PT
Value Freq.Percent Cum.
Percent
Valid
Percent
Cum. Val.
Percent
Response
Mean: 1.00
Graph
100.0073
574 100.00
12.72
87.28
Total Valid
Missing
Total
501
100.00100.0012.7212.721.00yes 73
020
40
6080
100
yes
Detailed Item Analysis Report Page 88/28/2006
Does a good job of getting me where i need to go
Value Freq.Percent Cum.
Percent
Valid
Percent
Cum. Val.
Percent
Response
Mean: 1.94
Graph
100.00489
574 100.00
85.19
14.81
Total Valid
Missing
Total
85
46.8346.8339.9039.901.00SA 229
76.0729.2464.8124.912.00SWA 143
88.5512.4775.4410.633.00SWD 61
94.686.1380.665.234.00SD 30
100.005.3285.194.535.00NA 26 020406080100
SASWASWDSD NA
Makes me with there was something better
Value Freq.Percent Cum.
Percent
Valid
Percent
Cum. Val.
Percent
Response
Mean: 2.26
Graph
100.00460
574 100.00
80.14
19.86
Total Valid
Missing
Total
114
44.3544.3535.5435.541.00SA 204
67.3923.0454.0118.472.00SWA 106
75.227.8360.286.273.00SWD 36
87.1711.9669.869.584.00SD 55
100.0012.8380.1410.285.00NA 59 020406080100
SASWASWDSD NA
Limits where I can Go
Value Freq.Percent Cum.
Percent
Valid
Percent
Cum. Val.
Percent
Response
Mean: 2.94
Graph
100.00451
574 100.00
78.57
21.43
Total Valid
Missing
Total
123
26.6126.6120.9120.911.00SA 120
42.3515.7433.2812.372.00SWA 71
57.2114.8644.9511.673.00SWD 67
80.0422.8462.8917.944.00SD 103
100.0019.9678.5715.685.00NA 90 020406080100
SASWASWDSD NA
Detailed Item Analysis Report Page 98/28/2006
Is difficult to pay for
Value Freq.Percent Cum.
Percent
Valid
Percent
Cum. Val.
Percent
Response
Mean: 2.40
Graph
100.00447
574 100.00
77.87
22.13
Total Valid
Missing
Total
127
38.0338.0329.6229.621.00SA 170
62.4224.3848.6118.992.00SWA 109
72.7110.2956.628.013.00SWD 46
86.3513.6567.2510.634.00SD 61
100.0013.6577.8710.635.00NA 61 020406080100
SASWASWDSD NA
Makes it easy to do errands
Value Freq.Percent Cum.
Percent
Valid
Percent
Cum. Val.
Percent
Response
Mean: 2.21
Graph
100.00444
574 100.00
77.35
22.65
Total Valid
Missing
Total
130
40.7740.7731.5331.531.00SA 181
65.9925.2351.0519.512.00SWA 112
79.5013.5161.5010.453.00SWD 60
93.0213.5171.9510.454.00SD 60
100.006.9877.355.405.00NA 31 020406080100
SASWASWDSD NA
I knew what was available
Value Freq.Percent Cum.
Percent
Valid
Percent
Cum. Val.
Percent
Response
Mean: 2.10
Graph
100.00443
574 100.00
77.18
22.82
Total Valid
Missing
Total
131
50.5650.5639.0239.021.00SA 224
75.6225.0658.3619.342.00SWA 111
78.562.9360.632.263.00SWD 13
85.106.5565.685.054.00SD 29
100.0014.9077.1811.505.00NA 66 020406080100
SASWASWDSD NA
Detailed Item Analysis Report Page 108/28/2006
There were bus routes where i lived
Value Freq.Percent Cum.
Percent
Valid
Percent
Cum. Val.
Percent
Response
Mean: 2.17
Graph
100.00442
574 100.00
77.00
23.00
Total Valid
Missing
Total
132
49.1049.1037.8037.801.00SA 217
74.6625.5757.4919.692.00SWA 113
76.702.0459.061.573.00SWD 9
83.036.3363.944.884.00SD 28
100.0016.9777.0013.075.00NA 75 020406080100
SASWASWDSD NA
It allowed me to make stops for other tasks
Value Freq.Percent Cum.
Percent
Valid
Percent
Cum. Val.
Percent
Response
Mean: 2.23
Graph
100.00441
574 100.00
76.83
23.17
Total Valid
Missing
Total
133
46.9446.9436.0636.061.00SA 207
71.2024.2654.7018.642.00SWA 107
76.425.2258.714.013.00SWD 23
82.315.9063.244.534.00SD 26
100.0017.6976.8313.595.00NA 78 020406080100
SASWASWDSD NA
Wait time for pick-up as shorter
Value Freq.Percent Cum.
Percent
Valid
Percent
Cum. Val.
Percent
Response
Mean: 2.50
Graph
100.00426
574 100.00
74.22
25.78
Total Valid
Missing
Total
148
42.0242.0231.1831.181.00SA 179
64.7922.7748.0816.902.00SWA 97
68.543.7650.872.793.00SWD 16
74.185.6355.054.184.00SD 24
100.0025.8274.2219.165.00NA 110 020406080100
SASWASWDSD NA
Detailed Item Analysis Report Page 118/28/2006
Buss arrival time was more reliable
Value Freq.Percent Cum.
Percent
Valid
Percent
Cum. Val.
Percent
Response
Mean: 2.44
Graph
100.00432
574 100.00
75.26
24.74
Total Valid
Missing
Total
142
44.2144.2133.2833.281.00SA 191
65.7421.5349.4816.202.00SWA 93
70.374.6352.963.483.00SWD 20
75.695.3256.974.014.00SD 23
100.0024.3175.2618.295.00NA 105 020406080100
SASWASWDSD NA
It was easier for me to make an appointment
Value Freq.Percent Cum.
Percent
Valid
Percent
Cum. Val.
Percent
Response
Mean: 2.42
Graph
100.00420
574 100.00
73.17
26.83
Total Valid
Missing
Total
154
42.1442.1430.8430.841.00SA 177
66.1924.0548.4317.602.00SWA 101
71.905.7152.614.183.00SWD 24
78.106.1957.144.534.00SD 26
100.0021.9073.1716.035.00NA 92 020406080100
SASWASWDSD NA
I felt safe and secure
Value Freq.Percent Cum.
Percent
Valid
Percent
Cum. Val.
Percent
Response
Mean: 2.14
Graph
100.00416
574 100.00
72.47
27.53
Total Valid
Missing
Total
158
51.6851.6837.4637.461.00SA 215
74.5222.8454.0116.552.00SWA 95
77.402.8856.102.093.00SWD 12
81.974.5759.413.314.00SD 19
100.0018.0372.4713.075.00NA 75 020406080100
SASWASWDSD NA
Detailed Item Analysis Report Page 128/28/2006
someone taught me how to use the bus
Value Freq.Percent Cum.
Percent
Valid
Percent
Cum. Val.
Percent
Response
Mean: 2.81
Graph
100.00432
574 100.00
75.26
24.74
Total Valid
Missing
Total
142
31.7131.7123.8723.871.00SA 137
52.5520.8339.5515.682.00SWA 90
62.509.9547.047.493.00SWD 43
72.459.9554.537.494.00SD 43
100.0027.5575.2620.735.00NA 119 020406080100
SASWASWDSD NA
Buses were easier for me to board
Value Freq.Percent Cum.
Percent
Valid
Percent
Cum. Val.
Percent
Response
Mean: 2.92
Graph
100.00436
574 100.00
75.96
24.04
Total Valid
Missing
Total
138
30.7330.7323.3423.341.00SA 134
49.7719.0437.8014.462.00SWA 83
58.728.9444.606.793.00SWD 39
68.359.6351.927.324.00SD 42
100.0031.6575.9624.045.00NA 138 020406080100
SASWASWDSD NA
Language was not a problem
Value Freq.Percent Cum.
Percent
Valid
Percent
Cum. Val.
Percent
Response
Mean: 3.06
Graph
100.00445
574 100.00
77.53
22.47
Total Valid
Missing
Total
129
33.7133.7126.1326.131.00SA 150
46.9713.2636.4110.282.00SWA 59
51.694.7240.073.663.00SWD 21
61.359.6647.567.494.00SD 43
100.0038.6577.5329.975.00NA 172 020406080100
SASWASWDSD NA
Detailed Item Analysis Report Page 138/28/2006
work limited
Value Freq.Percent Cum.
Percent
Valid
Percent
Cum. Val.
Percent
Response
Mean: 0.33
Graph
100.00401
574 100.00
69.86
30.14
Total Valid
Missing
Total
173
32.6732.6722.8222.821.00Yes 131
100.0067.3369.8647.040.00No 270
020406080100
Yes
No
Get to Work
Value Freq.Percent Cum.
Percent
Valid
Percent
Cum. Val.
Percent
Response
Mean: 2.42
Graph
100.00455
574 100.00
79.27
20.73
Total Valid
Missing
Total
119
41.5441.5432.9332.931.00SA 189
65.7124.1852.0919.162.00SWA 110
69.673.9655.233.143.00SWD 18
80.6610.9963.948.714.00SD 50
100.0019.3479.2715.335.00N/a 88 020406080100
SASWASWDSD N/a
Get to medical appointments
Value Freq.Percent Cum.
Percent
Valid
Percent
Cum. Val.
Percent
Response
Mean: 2.44
Graph
100.00444
574 100.00
77.35
22.65
Total Valid
Missing
Total
130
39.6439.6430.6630.661.00SA 176
63.7424.1049.3018.642.00SWA 107
70.506.7654.535.233.00SWD 30
82.4311.9463.769.234.00SD 53
100.0017.5777.3513.595.00N/a 78 020406080100
SASWASWDSD N/a
Detailed Item Analysis Report Page 148/28/2006
Shopping social events entertainment
Value Freq.Percent Cum.
Percent
Valid
Percent
Cum. Val.
Percent
Response
Mean: 2.54
Graph
100.00434
574 100.00
75.61
24.39
Total Valid
Missing
Total
140
37.3337.3328.2228.221.00SA 162
59.4522.1244.9516.722.00SWA 96
68.208.7651.576.623.00SWD 38
81.3413.1361.509.934.00SD 57
100.0018.6675.6114.115.00N/a 81 020406080100
SASWASWDSD N/a
Get to service provider appointment
Value Freq.Percent Cum.
Percent
Valid
Percent
Cum. Val.
Percent
Response
Mean: 2.47
Graph
100.00439
574 100.00
76.48
23.52
Total Valid
Missing
Total
135
40.7740.7731.1831.181.00SA 179
62.6421.8747.9116.722.00SWA 96
68.565.9252.444.533.00SWD 26
80.6412.0761.679.234.00SD 53
100.0019.3676.4814.815.00N/a 85 020406080100
SASWASWDSD N/a
city
Value Freq.Percent Cum.
Percent
Valid
Percent
Cum. Val.
Percent
Response
Mean: 4.95
Graph
100.00536
574 100.00
93.38
6.62
Total Valid
Missing
Total
38
0.370.370.350.351.00Wood River 2
2.051.681.921.572.00Cairo 9
4.482.434.182.263.00Alda 13
6.341.875.921.744.00Donaphian 10
91.4285.0785.3779.445.00Grand Island 456
100.008.5893.388.016.00other 46 0
20
40
60
80
100
Wood Ri verCairoAldaDonaphianGrand Island other
Detailed Item Analysis Report Page 158/28/2006
AGE
Value Freq.Percent Cum.
Percent
Valid
Percent
Cum. Val.
Percent
Response
Mean: 2.78
Graph
100.00542
574 100.00
94.43
5.57
Total Valid
Missing
Total
32
4.434.434.184.181.00Under 19 24
47.7943.3645.1240.942.0020-34 235
80.0732.2975.6130.493.0035-54 175
89.679.5984.679.064.0055-64 52
100.0010.3394.439.765.0065 + 56 020406080100
Under 1920-3435-5455-6465 +
Gender
Value Freq.Percent Cum.
Percent
Valid
Percent
Cum. Val.
Percent
Response
Mean: 1.73
Graph
100.00468
574 100.00
81.53
18.47
Total Valid
Missing
Total
106
26.9226.9221.9521.951.00Male 126
100.0073.0881.5359.582.00Female 342
020406080100
Male
Female
adults
Value Freq.Percent Cum.
Percent
Valid
Percent
Cum. Val.
Percent
Response
Mean: 2.00
Graph
100.00503
574 100.00
87.63
12.37
Total Valid
Missing
Total
71
39.7639.7634.8434.841.001 200
78.7338.9768.9934.152.002196
87.288.5576.487.493.003 43
93.846.5682.235.754.00433
100.006.1687.635.405.005+31 020406080100
1 2 3 4 5+
Detailed Item Analysis Report Page 168/28/2006
under 6
Value Freq.Percent Cum.
Percent
Valid
Percent
Cum. Val.
Percent
Response
Mean: 1.83
Graph
100.00201
574 100.00
35.02
64.98
Total Valid
Missing
Total
373
46.2746.2716.2016.201.00193
80.6034.3328.2212.022.002 69
92.5411.9432.404.183.00324
97.514.9834.151.744.004 10
100.002.4935.020.875.005+ 5 020406080100
1 2 3 4 5+
6-13
Value Freq.Percent Cum.
Percent
Valid
Percent
Cum. Val.
Percent
Response
Mean: 1.65
Graph
100.00131
574 100.00
22.82
77.18
Total Valid
Missing
Total
443
51.1551.1511.6711.671.001 67
88.5537.4020.218.542.00249
96.958.4022.131.923.003 11
98.471.5322.470.354.0042
100.001.5322.820.355.005+2 020406080100
1 2 3 4 5+
14-19
Value Freq.Percent Cum.
Percent
Valid
Percent
Cum. Val.
Percent
Response
Mean: 1.56
Graph
100.0081
574 100.00
14.11
85.89
Total Valid
Missing
Total
493
69.1469.149.769.761.00156
86.4217.2812.202.442.002 14
93.837.4113.241.053.0036
95.061.2313.410.174.004 1
100.004.9414.110.705.005+ 4 020406080100
1 2 3 4 5+
Detailed Item Analysis Report Page 178/28/2006
income
Value Freq.Percent Cum.
Percent
Valid
Percent
Cum. Val.
Percent
Response
Mean: 2.18
Graph
100.00348
574 100.00
60.63
39.37
Total Valid
Missing
Total
226
45.1145.1127.3527.351.000-9999 157
66.3821.2640.2412.892.0010000-19999 74
81.6115.2349.489.233.0020000-39000 53
88.797.1853.834.364.0040000 49999 25
100.0011.2160.636.795.0050000+39 0
20
40
60
80
100
0-999910000-1999920000-3900040000 49999 50000+
SSI etc
Value Freq.Percent Cum.
Percent
Valid
Percent
Cum. Val.
Percent
Response
Mean: 0.28
Graph
100.00462
574 100.00
80.49
19.51
Total Valid
Missing
Total
112
28.1428.1422.6522.651.00Yes 130
100.0071.8680.4957.840.00No 332
020406080100
Yes
No
disability
Value Freq.Percent Cum.
Percent
Valid
Percent
Cum. Val.
Percent
Response
Mean: 0.12
Graph
100.00441
574 100.00
76.83
23.17
Total Valid
Missing
Total
133
12.4712.479.589.581.00Yes 55
100.0087.5376.8367.250.00No 386
020406080100
Yes
No
Detailed Item Analysis Report Page 188/28/2006
type disibility
Value Freq.Percent Cum.
Percent
Valid
Percent
Cum. Val.
Percent
Response
Mean: 2.94
Graph
100.0071
574 100.00
12.37
87.63
Total Valid
Missing
Total
503
14.0814.081.741.741.00Developmental
learning 10
35.2121.134.362.612.00Psych 15
56.3421.136.972.613.00vision/hearing 15
100.0043.6612.375.404.00other 31 020
4060
80100
Developmental learningPsychvision/hearing other
English
Value Freq.Percent Cum.
Percent
Valid
Percent
Cum. Val.
Percent
Response
Mean: 1.10
Graph
100.00468
574 100.00
81.53
18.47
Total Valid
Missing
Total
106
89.5389.5373.0073.001.00yes 419
100.0010.4781.538.542.00no 49
020406080100
yes
no
access services in english
Value Freq.Percent Cum.
Percent
Valid
Percent
Cum. Val.
Percent
Response
Mean: 1.05
Graph
100.00410
574 100.00
71.43
28.57
Total Valid
Missing
Total
164
94.8894.8867.7767.771.00yes 389
100.005.1271.433.662.00no 21
020406080100
yes
no
Detailed Item Analysis Report Page 198/28/2006
previous survey
Value Freq.Percent Cum.
Percent
Valid
Percent
Cum. Val.
Percent
Response
Mean: 0.00
Graph
100.0054
88 100.00
61.36
38.64
Total Valid
Missing
Total
34
100.00100.0061.3661.360.00No 54
100.000.0061.360.001.00Yes 0
020406080100
No
Yes
work1
Value Freq.Percent Cum.
Percent
Valid
Percent
Cum. Val.
Percent
Response
Mean: 1.00
Graph
100.0037
88 100.00
42.05
57.95
Total Valid
Missing
Total
51
100.00100.0042.0542.051.00yes 37
0
20
406080
100
yes
work2
Value Freq.Percent Cum.
Percent
Valid
Percent
Cum. Val.
Percent
Response
Mean: 1.00
Graph
100.0036
88 100.00
40.91
59.09
Total Valid
Missing
Total
52
100.00100.0040.9140.911.00yes 36
020
40
6080
100
yes
Detailed Item Analysis Report
Detailed Item Analysis Report Page 18/30/2006
work3
Value Freq.Percent Cum.
Percent
Valid
Percent
Cum. Val.
Percent
Response
Mean: 1.00
Graph
100.0022
88 100.00
25.00
75.00
Total Valid
Missing
Total
66
100.00100.0025.0025.001.00yes 22
020
40
6080
100
yes
work4
Value Freq.Percent Cum.
Percent
Valid
Percent
Cum. Val.
Percent
Response
Mean: 1.00
Graph
100.0026
88 100.00
29.55
70.45
Total Valid
Missing
Total
62
100.00100.0029.5529.551.00yes 26
0
20
406080
100
yes
work5
Value Freq.Percent Cum.
Percent
Valid
Percent
Cum. Val.
Percent
Response
Mean: 1.00
Graph
100.0027
88 100.00
30.68
69.32
Total Valid
Missing
Total
61
100.00100.0030.6830.681.00yes 27
020
40
6080
100
yes
Detailed Item Analysis Report Page 28/30/2006
work6
Value Freq.Percent Cum.
Percent
Valid
Percent
Cum. Val.
Percent
Response
Mean: 1.00
Graph
100.0027
88 100.00
30.68
69.32
Total Valid
Missing
Total
61
100.00100.0030.6830.681.00yes 27
020
40
6080
100
yes
work7
Value Freq.Percent Cum.
Percent
Valid
Percent
Cum. Val.
Percent
Response
Mean: 1.00
Graph
100.0046
88 100.00
52.27
47.73
Total Valid
Missing
Total
42
100.00100.0052.2752.271.00yes 46
0
20
406080
100
yes
work8
Value Freq.Percent Cum.
Percent
Valid
Percent
Cum. Val.
Percent
Response
Mean: 1.00
Graph
100.0054
88 100.00
61.36
38.64
Total Valid
Missing
Total
34
100.00100.0061.3661.361.00yes 54
020
40
6080
100
yes
Detailed Item Analysis Report Page 38/30/2006
work9
Value Freq.Percent Cum.
Percent
Valid
Percent
Cum. Val.
Percent
Response
Mean: 1.00
Graph
100.0041
88 100.00
46.59
53.41
Total Valid
Missing
Total
47
100.00100.0046.5946.591.00yes 41
020
40
6080
100
yes
work10
Value Freq.Percent Cum.
Percent
Valid
Percent
Cum. Val.
Percent
Response
Mean: 1.00
Graph
100.0032
88 100.00
36.36
63.64
Total Valid
Missing
Total
56
100.00100.0036.3636.361.00yes 32
0
20
406080
100
yes
work11
Value Freq.Percent Cum.
Percent
Valid
Percent
Cum. Val.
Percent
Response
Mean: 1.00
Graph
100.0031
88 100.00
35.23
64.77
Total Valid
Missing
Total
57
100.00100.0035.2335.231.00yes 31
020
40
6080
100
yes
Detailed Item Analysis Report Page 48/30/2006
get to places1
Value Freq.Percent Cum.
Percent
Valid
Percent
Cum. Val.
Percent
Response
Mean: 1.00
Graph
100.0049
88 100.00
55.68
44.32
Total Valid
Missing
Total
39
100.00100.0055.6855.681.00yes 49
020
40
6080
100
yes
get to places2
Value Freq.Percent Cum.
Percent
Valid
Percent
Cum. Val.
Percent
Response
Mean: 1.00
Graph
100.0023
88 100.00
26.14
73.86
Total Valid
Missing
Total
65
100.00100.0026.1426.141.00yes 23
0
20
406080
100
yes
get to places3
Value Freq.Percent Cum.
Percent
Valid
Percent
Cum. Val.
Percent
Response
Mean: 1.00
Graph
100.0029
88 100.00
32.95
67.05
Total Valid
Missing
Total
59
100.00100.0032.9532.951.00yes 29
020
40
6080
100
yes
Detailed Item Analysis Report Page 58/30/2006
get to places4
Value Freq.Percent Cum.
Percent
Valid
Percent
Cum. Val.
Percent
Response
Mean: 1.00
Graph
100.008
88 100.00
9.09
90.91
Total Valid
Missing
Total
80
100.00100.009.099.091.00yes 8
020
40
6080
100
yes
get to places5
Value Freq.Percent Cum.
Percent
Valid
Percent
Cum. Val.
Percent
Response
Mean: 1.00
Graph
100.005
88 100.00
5.68
94.32
Total Valid
Missing
Total
83
100.00100.005.685.681.00yes 5
0
20
406080
100
yes
get to places6
Value Freq.Percent Cum.
Percent
Valid
Percent
Cum. Val.
Percent
Response
Mean: 1.00
Graph
100.004
88 100.00
4.55
95.45
Total Valid
Missing
Total
84
100.00100.004.554.551.00yes 4
020
40
6080
100
yes
Detailed Item Analysis Report Page 68/30/2006
get to places7
Value Freq.Percent Cum.
Percent
Valid
Percent
Cum. Val.
Percent
Response
Mean: 1.00
Graph
100.0019
88 100.00
21.59
78.41
Total Valid
Missing
Total
69
100.00100.0021.5921.591.00yes 19
020
40
6080
100
yes
get to places8
Value Freq.Percent Cum.
Percent
Valid
Percent
Cum. Val.
Percent
Response
Mean: 1.00
Graph
100.002
88 100.00
2.27
97.73
Total Valid
Missing
Total
86
100.00100.002.272.271.00yes 2
0
20
406080
100
yes
get to places9
Value Freq.Percent Cum.
Percent
Valid
Percent
Cum. Val.
Percent
Response
Mean: 1.00
Graph
100.002
88 100.00
2.27
97.73
Total Valid
Missing
Total
86
100.00100.002.272.271.00yes 2
020
40
6080
100
yes
Detailed Item Analysis Report Page 78/30/2006
employment1
Value Freq.Percent Cum.
Percent
Valid
Percent
Cum. Val.
Percent
Response
Mean: 1.00
Graph
100.0051
88 100.00
57.95
42.05
Total Valid
Missing
Total
37
100.00100.0057.9557.951.00yes 51
020
40
6080
100
yes
employment2
Value Freq.Percent Cum.
Percent
Valid
Percent
Cum. Val.
Percent
Response
Mean: 1.00
Graph
100.0053
88 100.00
60.23
39.77
Total Valid
Missing
Total
35
100.00100.0060.2360.231.00yes 53
0
20
406080
100
yes
employment3
Value Freq.Percent Cum.
Percent
Valid
Percent
Cum. Val.
Percent
Response
Mean: 1.00
Graph
100.0043
88 100.00
48.86
51.14
Total Valid
Missing
Total
45
100.00100.0048.8648.861.00yes 43
020
40
6080
100
yes
Detailed Item Analysis Report Page 88/30/2006
employment4
Value Freq.Percent Cum.
Percent
Valid
Percent
Cum. Val.
Percent
Response
Mean: 1.00
Graph
100.0030
88 100.00
34.09
65.91
Total Valid
Missing
Total
58
100.00100.0034.0934.091.00yes 30
020
40
6080
100
yes
employment5
Value Freq.Percent Cum.
Percent
Valid
Percent
Cum. Val.
Percent
Response
Mean: 1.00
Graph
100.0018
88 100.00
20.45
79.55
Total Valid
Missing
Total
70
100.00100.0020.4520.451.00yes 18
0
20
406080
100
yes
employment6
Value Freq.Percent Cum.
Percent
Valid
Percent
Cum. Val.
Percent
Response
Mean: 1.00
Graph
100.002
88 100.00
2.27
97.73
Total Valid
Missing
Total
86
100.00100.002.272.271.00yes 2
020
40
6080
100
yes
Detailed Item Analysis Report Page 98/30/2006
employment7
Value Freq.Percent Cum.
Percent
Valid
Percent
Cum. Val.
Percent
Response
Mean: 1.00
Graph
100.0013
88 100.00
14.77
85.23
Total Valid
Missing
Total
75
100.00100.0014.7714.771.00yes 13
020
40
6080
100
yes
employment8
Value Freq.Percent Cum.
Percent
Valid
Percent
Cum. Val.
Percent
Response
Mean: 1.00
Graph
100.0018
88 100.00
20.45
79.55
Total Valid
Missing
Total
70
100.00100.0020.4520.451.00yes 18
0
20
406080
100
yes
evaluation1
Value Freq.Percent Cum.
Percent
Valid
Percent
Cum. Val.
Percent
Response
Mean: 4.08
Graph
100.0061
88 100.00
69.32
30.68
Total Valid
Missing
Total
27
63.9363.9344.3244.325.00SA 39
77.0513.1153.419.094.00SWA 8
80.333.2855.682.273.00SWD 2
86.896.5660.234.552.00SD 4
100.0013.1169.329.091.00NA 8 020406080100
SASWASWDSD NA
Detailed Item Analysis Report Page 108/30/2006
evaluation2
Value Freq.Percent Cum.
Percent
Valid
Percent
Cum. Val.
Percent
Response
Mean: 1.08
Graph
100.0061
88 100.00
69.32
30.68
Total Valid
Missing
Total
27
67.2167.2146.5946.591.00SA 41
81.9714.7556.8210.232.00SWA 9
83.611.6457.951.143.00SWD 1
85.251.6459.091.144.00SD 1
100.0014.7569.3210.230.00NA 9 020406080100
SASWASWDSD NA
evaluation3
Value Freq.Percent Cum.
Percent
Valid
Percent
Cum. Val.
Percent
Response
Mean: 1.17
Graph
100.0053
88 100.00
60.23
39.77
Total Valid
Missing
Total
35
64.1564.1538.6438.641.00SA 34
71.707.5543.184.552.00SWA 4
79.257.5547.734.553.00SWD 4
83.023.7750.002.274.00SD 2
100.0016.9860.2310.230.00NA 9 020406080100
SASWASWDSD NA
evaluation4
Value Freq.Percent Cum.
Percent
Valid
Percent
Cum. Val.
Percent
Response
Mean: 1.21
Graph
100.0056
88 100.00
63.64
36.36
Total Valid
Missing
Total
32
51.7951.7932.9532.951.00SA 29
62.5010.7139.776.822.00SWA 6
71.438.9345.455.683.00SWD 5
76.795.3648.863.414.00SD 3
100.0023.2163.6414.770.00NA 13 020406080100
SASWASWDSD NA
Detailed Item Analysis Report Page 118/30/2006
evaluation5
Value Freq.Percent Cum.
Percent
Valid
Percent
Cum. Val.
Percent
Response
Mean: 1.14
Graph
100.0058
88 100.00
65.91
34.09
Total Valid
Missing
Total
30
63.7963.7942.0542.051.00SA 37
79.3115.5252.2710.232.00SWA 9
81.031.7253.411.143.00SWD 1
84.483.4555.682.274.00SD 2
100.0015.5265.9110.230.00NA 9 020406080100
SASWASWDSD NA
evaluation6
Value Freq.Percent Cum.
Percent
Valid
Percent
Cum. Val.
Percent
Response
Mean: 1.15
Graph
100.0065
88 100.00
73.86
26.14
Total Valid
Missing
Total
23
86.1586.1563.6463.641.00SA 56
95.389.2370.456.822.00SWA 6
96.921.5471.591.143.00SWD 1
98.461.5472.731.144.00SD 1
100.001.5473.861.140.00NA 1 020406080100
SASWASWDSD NA
evaluation7
Value Freq.Percent Cum.
Percent
Valid
Percent
Cum. Val.
Percent
Response
Mean: 1.11
Graph
100.0070
88 100.00
79.55
20.45
Total Valid
Missing
Total
18
90.0090.0071.5971.591.00SA 63
95.715.7176.144.552.00SWA 4
97.141.4377.271.143.00SWD 1
98.571.4378.411.144.00SD 1
100.001.4379.551.140.00NA 1 020406080100
SASWASWDSD NA
Detailed Item Analysis Report Page 128/30/2006
evaluation8
Value Freq.Percent Cum.
Percent
Valid
Percent
Cum. Val.
Percent
Response
Mean: 1.13
Graph
100.0063
88 100.00
71.59
28.41
Total Valid
Missing
Total
25
80.9580.9557.9557.951.00SA 51
88.897.9463.645.682.00SWA 5
92.063.1765.912.273.00SWD 2
93.651.5967.051.144.00SD 1
100.006.3571.594.550.00NA 4 020406080100
SASWASWDSD NA
evaluation9
Value Freq.Percent Cum.
Percent
Valid
Percent
Cum. Val.
Percent
Response
Mean: 1.09
Graph
100.0065
88 100.00
73.86
26.14
Total Valid
Missing
Total
23
78.4678.4657.9557.951.00SA 51
89.2310.7765.917.952.00SWA 7
92.313.0868.182.273.00SWD 2
92.310.0068.180.004.00SD 0
100.007.6973.865.680.00NA 5 020406080100
SASWASWDSD NA
evaluation10
Value Freq.Percent Cum.
Percent
Valid
Percent
Cum. Val.
Percent
Response
Mean: 1.05
Graph
100.0064
88 100.00
72.73
27.27
Total Valid
Missing
Total
24
87.5087.5063.6463.641.00SA 56
93.756.2568.184.552.00SWA 4
95.311.5669.321.143.00SWD 1
95.310.0069.320.004.00SD 0
100.004.6972.733.410.00NA 3 020406080100
SASWASWDSD NA
Detailed Item Analysis Report Page 138/30/2006
evaluation11
Value Freq.Percent Cum.
Percent
Valid
Percent
Cum. Val.
Percent
Response
Mean: 4.68
Graph
100.0068
88 100.00
77.27
22.73
Total Valid
Missing
Total
20
82.3582.3563.6463.645.00SA 56
94.1211.7672.739.094.00swa 8
95.591.4773.861.143.00swd 1
95.590.0073.860.002.00sd 0
100.004.4177.273.411.00na 3 020406080100
SAswaswd sd na
evaluation12
Value Freq.Percent Cum.
Percent
Valid
Percent
Cum. Val.
Percent
Response
Mean: 4.84
Graph
100.0070
88 100.00
79.55
20.45
Total Valid
Missing
Total
18
88.5788.5770.4570.455.00SA 62
98.5710.0078.417.954.00swa 7
98.570.0078.410.003.00swd 0
98.570.0078.410.002.00sd 0
100.001.4379.551.141.00na 1 020406080100
SAswaswd sd na
evaluation13
Value Freq.Percent Cum.
Percent
Valid
Percent
Cum. Val.
Percent
Response
Mean: 4.58
Graph
100.0067
88 100.00
76.14
23.86
Total Valid
Missing
Total
21
79.1079.1060.2360.235.00SA 53
86.577.4665.915.684.00swa 5
95.528.9672.736.823.00swd 6
97.011.4973.861.142.00sd 1
100.002.9976.142.271.00na 2 020406080100
SAswaswd sd na
Detailed Item Analysis Report Page 148/30/2006
evaluation14
Value Freq.Percent Cum.
Percent
Valid
Percent
Cum. Val.
Percent
Response
Mean: 4.74
Graph
100.0073
88 100.00
82.95
17.05
Total Valid
Missing
Total
15
87.6787.6772.7372.735.00SA 64
94.526.8578.415.684.00swa 5
95.891.3779.551.143.00swd 1
95.890.0079.550.002.00sd 0
100.004.1182.953.411.00na 3 020406080100
SAswaswd sd na
evaluation15
Value Freq.Percent Cum.
Percent
Valid
Percent
Cum. Val.
Percent
Response
Mean: 4.63
Graph
100.0073
88 100.00
82.95
17.05
Total Valid
Missing
Total
15
83.5683.5669.3269.325.00SA 61
90.416.8575.005.684.00swa 5
94.524.1178.413.413.00swd 3
94.520.0078.410.002.00sd 0
100.005.4882.954.551.00na 4 020406080100
SAswaswd sd na
public trans1
Value Freq.Percent Cum.
Percent
Valid
Percent
Cum. Val.
Percent
Response
Mean: 1.00
Graph
100.0058
88 100.00
65.91
34.09
Total Valid
Missing
Total
30
100.00100.0065.9165.911.00yes 58
020
40
6080
100
yes
Detailed Item Analysis Report Page 158/30/2006
public trans2
Value Freq.Percent Cum.
Percent
Valid
Percent
Cum. Val.
Percent
Response
Mean: 1.00
Graph
100.007
88 100.00
7.95
92.05
Total Valid
Missing
Total
81
100.00100.007.957.951.00yes 7
020
40
6080
100
yes
public trans3
Value Freq.Percent Cum.
Percent
Valid
Percent
Cum. Val.
Percent
Response
Mean: -
Graph
0.000
88 100.00
0.00
100.00
Total Valid
Missing
Total
88
0.000.000.000.001.00yes 0
0
20
406080
100
yes
public trans4
Value Freq.Percent Cum.
Percent
Valid
Percent
Cum. Val.
Percent
Response
Mean: -
Graph
0.000
88 100.00
0.00
100.00
Total Valid
Missing
Total
88
0.000.000.000.001.00yes 0
020
40
6080
100
yes
Detailed Item Analysis Report Page 168/30/2006
public trans5
Value Freq.Percent Cum.
Percent
Valid
Percent
Cum. Val.
Percent
Response
Mean: 1.00
Graph
100.0033
88 100.00
37.50
62.50
Total Valid
Missing
Total
55
100.00100.0037.5037.501.00yes 33
020
40
6080
100
yes
public trans6
Value Freq.Percent Cum.
Percent
Valid
Percent
Cum. Val.
Percent
Response
Mean: 1.00
Graph
100.0056
88 100.00
63.64
36.36
Total Valid
Missing
Total
32
100.00100.0063.6463.641.00yes 56
0
20
406080
100
yes
public trans7
Value Freq.Percent Cum.
Percent
Valid
Percent
Cum. Val.
Percent
Response
Mean: 1.00
Graph
100.005
88 100.00
5.68
94.32
Total Valid
Missing
Total
83
100.00100.005.685.681.00yes 5
020
40
6080
100
yes
Detailed Item Analysis Report Page 178/30/2006
public trans8
Value Freq.Percent Cum.
Percent
Valid
Percent
Cum. Val.
Percent
Response
Mean: 1.00
Graph
100.002
88 100.00
2.27
97.73
Total Valid
Missing
Total
86
100.00100.002.272.271.00yes 2
020
40
6080
100
yes
public trans9
Value Freq.Percent Cum.
Percent
Valid
Percent
Cum. Val.
Percent
Response
Mean: -
Graph
0.000
88 100.00
0.00
100.00
Total Valid
Missing
Total
88
0.000.000.000.001.00yes 0
0
20
406080
100
yes
public trans10
Value Freq.Percent Cum.
Percent
Valid
Percent
Cum. Val.
Percent
Response
Mean: 1.00
Graph
100.0038
88 100.00
43.18
56.82
Total Valid
Missing
Total
50
100.00100.0043.1843.181.00yes 38
020
40
6080
100
yes
Detailed Item Analysis Report Page 188/30/2006
public trans11
Value Freq.Percent Cum.
Percent
Valid
Percent
Cum. Val.
Percent
Response
Mean: 1.00
Graph
100.0055
88 100.00
62.50
37.50
Total Valid
Missing
Total
33
100.00100.0062.5062.501.00yes 55
020
40
6080
100
yes
public trans12
Value Freq.Percent Cum.
Percent
Valid
Percent
Cum. Val.
Percent
Response
Mean: 1.00
Graph
100.006
88 100.00
6.82
93.18
Total Valid
Missing
Total
82
100.00100.006.826.821.00yes 6
0
20
406080
100
yes
public trans13
Value Freq.Percent Cum.
Percent
Valid
Percent
Cum. Val.
Percent
Response
Mean: -
Graph
100.001
88 100.00
1.14
98.86
Total Valid
Missing
Total
87
100.00100.001.141.141.00yes 1
020
40
6080
100
yes
Detailed Item Analysis Report Page 198/30/2006
public trans14
Value Freq.Percent Cum.
Percent
Valid
Percent
Cum. Val.
Percent
Response
Mean: 1.00
Graph
100.0040
88 100.00
45.45
54.55
Total Valid
Missing
Total
48
100.00100.0045.4545.451.00yes 40
020
40
6080
100
yes
public trans15
Value Freq.Percent Cum.
Percent
Valid
Percent
Cum. Val.
Percent
Response
Mean: 1.00
Graph
100.003
88 100.00
3.41
96.59
Total Valid
Missing
Total
85
100.00100.003.413.411.00yes 3
0
20
406080
100
yes
public trans16
Value Freq.Percent Cum.
Percent
Valid
Percent
Cum. Val.
Percent
Response
Mean: 1.00
Graph
100.0053
88 100.00
60.23
39.77
Total Valid
Missing
Total
35
100.00100.0060.2360.231.00yes 53
020
40
6080
100
yes
Detailed Item Analysis Report Page 208/30/2006
public trans17
Value Freq.Percent Cum.
Percent
Valid
Percent
Cum. Val.
Percent
Response
Mean: 1.00
Graph
100.005
88 100.00
5.68
94.32
Total Valid
Missing
Total
83
100.00100.005.685.681.00yes 5
020
40
6080
100
yes
public trans18
Value Freq.Percent Cum.
Percent
Valid
Percent
Cum. Val.
Percent
Response
Mean: 1.00
Graph
100.002
88 100.00
2.27
97.73
Total Valid
Missing
Total
86
100.00100.002.272.271.00yes 2
0
20
406080
100
yes
public trans19
Value Freq.Percent Cum.
Percent
Valid
Percent
Cum. Val.
Percent
Response
Mean: -
Graph
0.000
88 100.00
0.00
100.00
Total Valid
Missing
Total
88
0.000.000.000.001.00yes 0
020
40
6080
100
yes
Detailed Item Analysis Report Page 218/30/2006
public trans20
Value Freq.Percent Cum.
Percent
Valid
Percent
Cum. Val.
Percent
Response
Mean: 1.00
Graph
100.0036
88 100.00
40.91
59.09
Total Valid
Missing
Total
52
100.00100.0040.9140.911.00yes 36
020
40
6080
100
yes
wood river
Value Freq.Percent Cum.
Percent
Valid
Percent
Cum. Val.
Percent
Response
Mean: -
Graph
100.001
88 100.00
1.14
98.86
Total Valid
Missing
Total
87
100.00100.001.141.141.00yes 1
0
20
406080
100
yes
Cairo
Value Freq.Percent Cum.
Percent
Valid
Percent
Cum. Val.
Percent
Response
Mean: 1.00
Graph
100.003
88 100.00
3.41
96.59
Total Valid
Missing
Total
85
100.00100.003.413.411.00yes 3
020
40
6080
100
yes
Detailed Item Analysis Report Page 228/30/2006
alda
Value Freq.Percent Cum.
Percent
Valid
Percent
Cum. Val.
Percent
Response
Mean: 1.00
Graph
100.0022
88 100.00
25.00
75.00
Total Valid
Missing
Total
66
100.00100.0025.0025.001.00yes 22
020
40
6080
100
yes
doniphan
Value Freq.Percent Cum.
Percent
Valid
Percent
Cum. Val.
Percent
Response
Mean: 1.00
Graph
100.007
88 100.00
7.95
92.05
Total Valid
Missing
Total
81
100.00100.007.957.951.00yes 7
0
20
406080
100
yes
GI
Value Freq.Percent Cum.
Percent
Valid
Percent
Cum. Val.
Percent
Response
Mean: 1.00
Graph
100.0070
88 100.00
79.55
20.45
Total Valid
Missing
Total
18
100.00100.0079.5579.551.00yes 70
020
40
6080
100
yes
Detailed Item Analysis Report Page 238/30/2006
other
Value Freq.Percent Cum.
Percent
Valid
Percent
Cum. Val.
Percent
Response
Mean: -
Graph
100.001
88 100.00
1.14
98.86
Total Valid
Missing
Total
87
100.00100.001.141.141.00yes 1
020
40
6080
100
yes
under 19age
Value Freq.Percent Cum.
Percent
Valid
Percent
Cum. Val.
Percent
Response
Mean: 1.00
Graph
100.007
88 100.00
7.95
92.05
Total Valid
Missing
Total
81
100.00100.007.957.951.00yes 7
0
20
406080
100
yes
20-34
Value Freq.Percent Cum.
Percent
Valid
Percent
Cum. Val.
Percent
Response
Mean: 1.00
Graph
100.0016
88 100.00
18.18
81.82
Total Valid
Missing
Total
72
100.00100.0018.1818.181.00yes 16
020
40
6080
100
yes
Detailed Item Analysis Report Page 248/30/2006
35-54
Value Freq.Percent Cum.
Percent
Valid
Percent
Cum. Val.
Percent
Response
Mean: 1.00
Graph
100.0030
88 100.00
34.09
65.91
Total Valid
Missing
Total
58
100.00100.0034.0934.091.00yes 30
020
40
6080
100
yes
55-64
Value Freq.Percent Cum.
Percent
Valid
Percent
Cum. Val.
Percent
Response
Mean: 1.00
Graph
100.008
88 100.00
9.09
90.91
Total Valid
Missing
Total
80
100.00100.009.099.091.00yes 8
0
20
406080
100
yes
65 +
Value Freq.Percent Cum.
Percent
Valid
Percent
Cum. Val.
Percent
Response
Mean: 1.00
Graph
100.006
88 100.00
6.82
93.18
Total Valid
Missing
Total
82
100.00100.006.826.821.00yes 6
020
40
6080
100
yes
Detailed Item Analysis Report Page 258/30/2006
male
Value Freq.Percent Cum.
Percent
Valid
Percent
Cum. Val.
Percent
Response
Mean: 1.00
Graph
100.0030
88 100.00
34.09
65.91
Total Valid
Missing
Total
58
100.00100.0034.0934.091.00yes 30
020
40
6080
100
yes
female
Value Freq.Percent Cum.
Percent
Valid
Percent
Cum. Val.
Percent
Response
Mean: 1.00
Graph
100.0044
88 100.00
50.00
50.00
Total Valid
Missing
Total
44
100.00100.0050.0050.001.00yes 44
0
20
406080
100
yes
adults1
Value Freq.Percent Cum.
Percent
Valid
Percent
Cum. Val.
Percent
Response
Mean: 1.00
Graph
100.007
88 100.00
7.95
92.05
Total Valid
Missing
Total
81
100.00100.007.957.951.001 7
020
40
6080
100
1
Detailed Item Analysis Report Page 268/30/2006
adults2
Value Freq.Percent Cum.
Percent
Valid
Percent
Cum. Val.
Percent
Response
Mean: 1.00
Graph
100.0018
88 100.00
20.45
79.55
Total Valid
Missing
Total
70
100.00100.0020.4520.451.00yes 18
020
40
6080
100
yes
adults3
Value Freq.Percent Cum.
Percent
Valid
Percent
Cum. Val.
Percent
Response
Mean: 1.00
Graph
100.0013
88 100.00
14.77
85.23
Total Valid
Missing
Total
75
100.00100.0014.7714.771.00yes 13
0
20
406080
100
yes
adults4
Value Freq.Percent Cum.
Percent
Valid
Percent
Cum. Val.
Percent
Response
Mean: 1.00
Graph
100.0024
88 100.00
27.27
72.73
Total Valid
Missing
Total
64
100.00100.0027.2727.271.00yes 24
020
40
6080
100
yes
Detailed Item Analysis Report Page 278/30/2006
adults5
Value Freq.Percent Cum.
Percent
Valid
Percent
Cum. Val.
Percent
Response
Mean: 1.00
Graph
100.0013
88 100.00
14.77
85.23
Total Valid
Missing
Total
75
100.00100.0014.7714.771.00yes 13
020
40
6080
100
yes
1 less than 6
Value Freq.Percent Cum.
Percent
Valid
Percent
Cum. Val.
Percent
Response
Mean: 1.00
Graph
100.0027
88 100.00
30.68
69.32
Total Valid
Missing
Total
61
100.00100.0030.6830.681.00yes 27
0
20
406080
100
yes
2 less than 6
Value Freq.Percent Cum.
Percent
Valid
Percent
Cum. Val.
Percent
Response
Mean: 1.00
Graph
100.0021
88 100.00
23.86
76.14
Total Valid
Missing
Total
67
100.00100.0023.8623.861.00yes 21
020
40
6080
100
yes
Detailed Item Analysis Report Page 288/30/2006
3 less than 6
Value Freq.Percent Cum.
Percent
Valid
Percent
Cum. Val.
Percent
Response
Mean: 1.00
Graph
100.004
88 100.00
4.55
95.45
Total Valid
Missing
Total
84
100.00100.004.554.551.00yes 4
020
40
6080
100
yes
4 less than 6
Value Freq.Percent Cum.
Percent
Valid
Percent
Cum. Val.
Percent
Response
Mean: -
Graph
100.001
88 100.00
1.14
98.86
Total Valid
Missing
Total
87
100.00100.001.141.141.00yes 1
0
20
406080
100
yes
5 + less than 6
Value Freq.Percent Cum.
Percent
Valid
Percent
Cum. Val.
Percent
Response
Mean: 1.00
Graph
100.002
88 100.00
2.27
97.73
Total Valid
Missing
Total
86
100.00100.002.272.271.00yes 2
020
40
6080
100
yes
Detailed Item Analysis Report Page 298/30/2006
1 6-13
Value Freq.Percent Cum.
Percent
Valid
Percent
Cum. Val.
Percent
Response
Mean: 1.00
Graph
100.0018
88 100.00
20.45
79.55
Total Valid
Missing
Total
70
100.00100.0020.4520.451.00yes 18
020
40
6080
100
yes
2 6 to 13
Value Freq.Percent Cum.
Percent
Valid
Percent
Cum. Val.
Percent
Response
Mean: 1.00
Graph
100.0018
88 100.00
20.45
79.55
Total Valid
Missing
Total
70
100.00100.0020.4520.451.00yes 18
0
20
406080
100
yes
3 6 to 13
Value Freq.Percent Cum.
Percent
Valid
Percent
Cum. Val.
Percent
Response
Mean: 1.00
Graph
100.007
88 100.00
7.95
92.05
Total Valid
Missing
Total
81
100.00100.007.957.951.00yes 7
020
40
6080
100
yes
Detailed Item Analysis Report Page 308/30/2006
4 6 to 13
Value Freq.Percent Cum.
Percent
Valid
Percent
Cum. Val.
Percent
Response
Mean: 1.00
Graph
100.003
88 100.00
3.41
96.59
Total Valid
Missing
Total
85
100.00100.003.413.411.00yes 3
020
40
6080
100
yes
5 + 6 to 13
Value Freq.Percent Cum.
Percent
Valid
Percent
Cum. Val.
Percent
Response
Mean: -
Graph
0.000
88 100.00
0.00
100.00
Total Valid
Missing
Total
88
0.000.000.000.001.00yes 0
0
20
406080
100
yes
1 14-19
Value Freq.Percent Cum.
Percent
Valid
Percent
Cum. Val.
Percent
Response
Mean: 1.00
Graph
100.0019
88 100.00
21.59
78.41
Total Valid
Missing
Total
69
100.00100.0021.5921.591.00yes 19
020
40
6080
100
yes
Detailed Item Analysis Report Page 318/30/2006
2 14 -19
Value Freq.Percent Cum.
Percent
Valid
Percent
Cum. Val.
Percent
Response
Mean: 1.00
Graph
100.009
88 100.00
10.23
89.77
Total Valid
Missing
Total
79
100.00100.0010.2310.231.00yes 9
020
40
6080
100
yes
3 14-19
Value Freq.Percent Cum.
Percent
Valid
Percent
Cum. Val.
Percent
Response
Mean: 1.00
Graph
100.0010
88 100.00
11.36
88.64
Total Valid
Missing
Total
78
100.00100.0011.3611.361.00yes 10
0
20
406080
100
yes
4 16 to 19
Value Freq.Percent Cum.
Percent
Valid
Percent
Cum. Val.
Percent
Response
Mean: -
Graph
100.001
88 100.00
1.14
98.86
Total Valid
Missing
Total
87
100.00100.001.141.141.00yes 1
020
40
6080
100
yes
Detailed Item Analysis Report Page 328/30/2006
5 + 14 to 19
Value Freq.Percent Cum.
Percent
Valid
Percent
Cum. Val.
Percent
Response
Mean: -
Graph
0.000
88 100.00
0.00
100.00
Total Valid
Missing
Total
88
0.000.000.000.001.00yes 0
020
40
6080
100
yes
income to 9999
Value Freq.Percent Cum.
Percent
Valid
Percent
Cum. Val.
Percent
Response
Mean: 1.00
Graph
100.002
88 100.00
2.27
97.73
Total Valid
Missing
Total
86
100.00100.002.272.271.00yes 2
0
20
406080
100
yes
income 10-19
Value Freq.Percent Cum.
Percent
Valid
Percent
Cum. Val.
Percent
Response
Mean: 1.00
Graph
100.0030
88 100.00
34.09
65.91
Total Valid
Missing
Total
58
100.00100.0034.0934.091.00yes 30
020
40
6080
100
yes
Detailed Item Analysis Report Page 338/30/2006
income 20- 40
Value Freq.Percent Cum.
Percent
Valid
Percent
Cum. Val.
Percent
Response
Mean: 1.00
Graph
100.0020
88 100.00
22.73
77.27
Total Valid
Missing
Total
68
100.00100.0022.7322.731.00yes 20
020
40
6080
100
yes
income 40 50
Value Freq.Percent Cum.
Percent
Valid
Percent
Cum. Val.
Percent
Response
Mean: 1.00
Graph
100.003
88 100.00
3.41
96.59
Total Valid
Missing
Total
85
100.00100.003.413.411.00yes 3
0
20
406080
100
yes
income 50 +
Value Freq.Percent Cum.
Percent
Valid
Percent
Cum. Val.
Percent
Response
Mean: -
Graph
100.001
88 100.00
1.14
98.86
Total Valid
Missing
Total
87
100.00100.001.141.141.00yes 1
020
40
6080
100
yes
Detailed Item Analysis Report Page 348/30/2006
social income yes
Value Freq.Percent Cum.
Percent
Valid
Percent
Cum. Val.
Percent
Response
Mean: 1.00
Graph
100.008
88 100.00
9.09
90.91
Total Valid
Missing
Total
80
100.00100.009.099.091.00yes 8
020
40
6080
100
yes
disabiltiy yes
Value Freq.Percent Cum.
Percent
Valid
Percent
Cum. Val.
Percent
Response
Mean: 1.00
Graph
100.0048
88 100.00
54.55
45.45
Total Valid
Missing
Total
40
100.00100.0054.5554.551.00yes 48
0
20
406080
100
yes
social income no
Value Freq.Percent Cum.
Percent
Valid
Percent
Cum. Val.
Percent
Response
Mean: 1.00
Graph
100.0047
88 100.00
53.41
46.59
Total Valid
Missing
Total
41
100.00100.0053.4153.411.00no 47
020
40
6080
100
no
Detailed Item Analysis Report Page 358/30/2006
disabiltiy
Value Freq.Percent Cum.
Percent
Valid
Percent
Cum. Val.
Percent
Response
Mean: 1.00
Graph
100.0012
88 100.00
13.64
86.36
Total Valid
Missing
Total
76
100.00100.0013.6413.641.00no 12
020
40
6080
100
no
learning
Value Freq.Percent Cum.
Percent
Valid
Percent
Cum. Val.
Percent
Response
Mean: 1.00
Graph
100.0011
88 100.00
12.50
87.50
Total Valid
Missing
Total
77
100.00100.0012.5012.501.00yes 11
0
20
406080
100
yes
vision/hear
Value Freq.Percent Cum.
Percent
Valid
Percent
Cum. Val.
Percent
Response
Mean: -
Graph
100.001
88 100.00
1.14
98.86
Total Valid
Missing
Total
87
100.00100.001.141.141.00yes 1
020
40
6080
100
yes
Detailed Item Analysis Report Page 368/30/2006
psych
Value Freq.Percent Cum.
Percent
Valid
Percent
Cum. Val.
Percent
Response
Mean: 1.00
Graph
100.0012
88 100.00
13.64
86.36
Total Valid
Missing
Total
76
100.00100.0013.6413.641.00yes 12
020
40
6080
100
yes
other physical
Value Freq.Percent Cum.
Percent
Valid
Percent
Cum. Val.
Percent
Response
Mean: 1.00
Graph
100.004
88 100.00
4.55
95.45
Total Valid
Missing
Total
84
100.00100.004.554.551.00yes 4
0
20
406080
100
yes
english lang yes
Value Freq.Percent Cum.
Percent
Valid
Percent
Cum. Val.
Percent
Response
Mean: 1.00
Graph
100.007
88 100.00
7.95
92.05
Total Valid
Missing
Total
81
100.00100.007.957.951.00yes 7
020
40
6080
100
yes
Detailed Item Analysis Report Page 378/30/2006
english lang no
Value Freq.Percent Cum.
Percent
Valid
Percent
Cum. Val.
Percent
Response
Mean: 1.00
Graph
100.0069
88 100.00
78.41
21.59
Total Valid
Missing
Total
19
100.00100.0078.4178.411.00yes 69
020
40
6080
100
yes
english services no
Value Freq.Percent Cum.
Percent
Valid
Percent
Cum. Val.
Percent
Response
Mean: 1.00
Graph
100.0029
88 100.00
32.95
67.05
Total Valid
Missing
Total
59
100.00100.0032.9532.951.00yes 29
0
20
406080
100
yes
english services yes
Value Freq.Percent Cum.
Percent
Valid
Percent
Cum. Val.
Percent
Response
Mean: 1.00
Graph
100.0039
88 100.00
44.32
55.68
Total Valid
Missing
Total
49
100.00100.0044.3244.321.00yes 39
020
40
6080
100
yes
Detailed Item Analysis Report Page 388/30/2006